摘要
随着国际贸易的迅速发展,侵犯他人知识产权的非法货物的国际贸易数量也呈上升趋势。
国家对外经贸管理是由多个部门分工负责的,各部门的工作相互依赖、相互保障和相互补充。世界各国在加强对知识产权的立法和司法保护的同时,也把知识产权保护的重点转向行政保护、特别是海关的边境保护方面。世界海关组织秘书长称,海关是良好商业活动的捍卫者和保护者,是艺术创造和科学发明的第一道,也是最后一道防止剽窃的防线。
1994年关税及贸易总协定签署了《与贸易有关的知识产权协议(TRIPs)》(以下简称《协议》)。该协议是世界范围内有关贸易领域内的知识产权保护的最重要的国际法律文件。在采取和实施针对侵权货物的边境措施方面,协议要求各成员确立符合其规定的相应程序,包括与侵权货物的进口有关的程序和侵权货物的出口程序。海关边境执法保护或许是知识产权保护环节中最为复杂的环节,有关管理部门的法规和政策,很大部分要通过海关的现场监管来落实。以《海关法》为母体的海关法体系如何与国际条约及国内其他法律部门的衔接应当引起法制部门的关注并认真加以研究。
中国企业至今仍普遍忽视知识产权海关保护的申请。这种状况将使中国企业在国际贸易中面临危险的局面。在研究《TRIPS协议》和执行国内相关法律法规的基础上,本文寻求我国海关知识产权保护的有效途径,建立以《知识产权海关保护条例》为核心的知识产权海关保护机制,把知识产权保护工作推向一个新的高度。
With the prosper of the international trade, the situation about violation of the intellectual property rights in the trans-border trade become serious and can not be just ignorable. The administrative power on foreign trade is separated and shared by different governmental department. They support and cooperate with each other in the surveillance of international trade. With the legislation and judicial progress in the intellectual property rights, now most states in the world are seeking for administrative protection of intellectual property rights, especially for the border protection of customs. Customs is the firm defender of the system of healthful commercial activity, and also the guard of the deadline of the protection against the theft of IPR.
The execution in the customs surveillance on foreign trade may be the most sophisticated part of the IPR legal protection. Most of the laws and rules are implemented through the live administration of customs. The national foreign trade law system and national customs law system are the most important legal base for the customs administration. How to connect these two legal systems and harmonize them is worth researching and drawing the attention of the customs administration.
Most of the local companies in china now ignoring the legal protection of IPR, and such kind attitude will put them in a dangerous situation in the international trade. Based on the agreement on trade related intellectual property rights and the relevant national law and rules, this paper tries to figure out the way of establishing a legal mechanism of customs administrative protection on IPR.
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