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基于可编程SoC无线通信系统的研究与设计
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摘要
近年来,可编程SoC芯片推出和应用,使得设计的系统变得更加灵活,设计的电路体积更加小型化,重量更加轻型化,设计的成本更低,系统的功耗也更小了。本论文是根据上海市科学委员会的课题项目(批准号02dz11035)“无人小飞机——微带天线与中继系统研究”而作,论文撰写的是课题系统中基带信号处理系统的设计,使用了Xilinx公司可编程的FPGA芯片XC2S100完成,满足系统设计的要求。
     在基带信号处理系统的设计过程中,本文提出了一种新的数字锁相环的设计方法。目前的数字锁相环的设计主要还是使用“加”、“扣”脉冲的方法,严格按照数字锁相环的三部分来设计,这样设计的数字锁相环比较复杂、占用的资源比较多,而且,要达到同样的相位锁定精度,相位锁定的时间比较长。针对这些问题,本文从分析数字锁相环的鉴相、数字环路滤波和数控振荡的特点,通过使用高速时钟采样,设计正负电平指针的方法来确定相位的位置和偏移情况,相位的锁定可以通过修改指针值来移动指针的位置,这样,可以把鉴相、滤波和相移结合在一起,通过采样时钟实现,而不必把三部分独立设计后再连成一个整体,节省了系统资源,缩短了相位锁定的时间,而且,只要对程序稍作修改,就可以灵活地实现针对各种不同信号的相位锁定。
     不仅是数字锁相环的设计,还有系统各部分的设计,包括纠错编解码、码组交织、扰码加入、巴克码插入、帧同步器设计、以及作为整体的时序选择,都经过了反复地修改和调试。得到了比较理想的结果。
Nowadays, with the development of semiconductor technology, System on Programmable Chip, that is programmable SoC or SoPC, becomes more and more important. It has the flexible and programmable characters, moreover, it has many I/Os, its power consumption and cost is low.
    In this paper, I bring forward a new design way of Digital Phase-Locked Loop (DPLL) .At present time, the mainly design way of DPLL is to add or deduct pulse based on the characters of DPLL' s three departments strictly, thus DPLL occupies too much resource, at the same time, in order to meet the same phase-locked precision, it will spend more time to lock phase, according to these problems, this paper analyses the characters of the phase discrimination, digital filter and number controlled oscillator, uses high speed clock as sampling pointer, and designs the pointers of positive and negative level. By means of modifying the pointers, we can calculate the phase offset and lock the phase position. Because three departments of DPLL compose a whole, we can save the resource of system, and reduce time of locking phase, further more, in order to lock all kinds of signal phase conveniently, we can modify the DPLL' s program flexibly.
    In the meantime, the system includes not only the design.of DPLL, but also coding and decoding of error correction, block interleaving, inserting Barker code and disturb code, the design of frame synchronizer, the choice of the whole system timing sequence, and so on. I have modified and debugged the program of the system again and again, and have attained ideal data.
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