油菜生育动态计算机模拟
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摘要
对湖南农业大学油料研究所正在进行品比实验的九个油菜品种进行观察，采用折因形式，从油菜的叶片生长速度，各叶片的叶片面积及叶龄，一次有效分枝数，二次有效分枝数，单角数等方面入手，运用MATLAB编程语言模拟油菜的生育动态，并且研究了油菜十大主要性状与产量的关系以及这些性状间的相互关系。
1．油菜的叶片生长速度的动态符合LogiStic生长方程，冬前生长越缓慢，曲线Logistic方程拟合程度越好。
2．从油菜的叶面积与叶龄的对照图表明：在适当的栽培条件下，油菜的叶面积的大小与叶龄的长短呈正相关，即叶面积大，则叶龄长，当叶面积最大时，叶龄达最长。油菜的各叶片的叶面积的变化趋势符合方程y=axe~(bx)，各叶片的叶龄的变化趋势符合方程式y=ax~2+bx+c。
3．油菜的一次有效分枝数，二次分枝数，角果的数量与时间关系符合不对称的“S”形曲线y=a+blgx。
4．油菜的十个性状与产量的相关分析，若按与产量相关系数大小排列，则依次为主茎总叶数＞根茎粗＞株高＞一次有效分枝数＞主茎绿叶数＞二次有效分枝数＞单株角果数＞每角粒数＞千粒重，前8个性状与产量均达到显著正相关，每角粒数与产量的相关性不显著，而千粒重与产量呈负相关。
5．油菜主茎绿叶数，主茎总叶数，株高，根茎粗，单株产量，单株角果与产量的直线回归表明：冬前主茎绿叶数增加1时，亩产即可增加20kg左右；主茎总叶数每增加1叶，亩产即可增加5.4kg左右，株高在160-180cm内，株高每增加1cm，亩产增加2kg左右；根茎粗每增加1mm，亩产增加3.33kg左右，单株产量每增加1kg，亩产即可增加12kg左右，单株角果每增加1个，亩产可增加0.7kg左右。
Nine types of rape (B.napus) are observed at Hunan Agricultral University. The leaf growth rate, leaf rear and leaf age on each leaf, effectively primary branches, effectively secondary branches, corniform pods on each plant, et are studied, we simulated the dynamic growth of B.napus by MATLAB language. By MATLAB language, We studied the correlation of the 10 main characters in B.napus between the yield and the correlation amony these characters. The resulds were as follows:
1.About leaf growth rate in B.napus, It conformed to Logistic equation. The slower they growed before winter, the larger the correlation coefficient was.
2. The leaf area was compared with the leaf age in the graph, under suitable cultiviation conditions, we knowed that the leaf area was extreme significantly correlated with the leaf age. That is to say, when the leaf area was larger, the leaf age was longer ,when the leaf area is the largest, the leaf age is the longest. About leaf area on each leaf, its variation of development accorded with y=axebx equation; About leaf age on each leaf, its variation development accorded with double-equetion y=ax2+bx+c.
3. As far as the correlation of effectively primary branches, effectiuely seconedary branches, corniform pods on each plant etc between time were concerned, it accorded with non-symmetry S curve y=a+blgx.
4. By analyzing the correlation coefficient of the 10 main characters between the yield in B.napus. its order was leaves on main stem>the diameter of root collar>the height of plant>effectively primary branches>green leaves on main stem>efTectively secondary branches>corniform pods on each plant>grains on each pod>the 1000-seed weight, the former 8 characters are extreme significantly correlated with the yield, but the correlations of the grains on each pod or the 1000- seed weight are not clear or negative.
5. By line-regressing the green leaves on main stem, the leaves on main stem, the height of plant, the diameter of root collar, the output on each plant, the the corniform pods on each plant etc between the yield, the results were as follows: the leaves on main stem increased 1 before winter, the yield increases about 20kg per mu; the leaves on main stem increased 1, the yield
increased about 5.4kg per mu; the height of plant increased 1 cm between 160cm and 180cm, the yield increased about 2kg per mu; the diameter of root collar increased 1mm, the yield increased about 3.33kg per mu; the output on each plant increased 1kg, the yield increased about 12kg per mu; the corniform pods on each plant increased 1, the yield increased about 0.7 per mu.
1．油菜的叶片生长速度的动态符合LogiStic生长方程，冬前生长越缓慢，曲线Logistic方程拟合程度越好。
2．从油菜的叶面积与叶龄的对照图表明：在适当的栽培条件下，油菜的叶面积的大小与叶龄的长短呈正相关，即叶面积大，则叶龄长，当叶面积最大时，叶龄达最长。油菜的各叶片的叶面积的变化趋势符合方程y=axe~(bx)，各叶片的叶龄的变化趋势符合方程式y=ax~2+bx+c。
3．油菜的一次有效分枝数，二次分枝数，角果的数量与时间关系符合不对称的“S”形曲线y=a+blgx。
4．油菜的十个性状与产量的相关分析，若按与产量相关系数大小排列，则依次为主茎总叶数＞根茎粗＞株高＞一次有效分枝数＞主茎绿叶数＞二次有效分枝数＞单株角果数＞每角粒数＞千粒重，前8个性状与产量均达到显著正相关，每角粒数与产量的相关性不显著，而千粒重与产量呈负相关。
5．油菜主茎绿叶数，主茎总叶数，株高，根茎粗，单株产量，单株角果与产量的直线回归表明：冬前主茎绿叶数增加1时，亩产即可增加20kg左右；主茎总叶数每增加1叶，亩产即可增加5.4kg左右，株高在160-180cm内，株高每增加1cm，亩产增加2kg左右；根茎粗每增加1mm，亩产增加3.33kg左右，单株产量每增加1kg，亩产即可增加12kg左右，单株角果每增加1个，亩产可增加0.7kg左右。
Nine types of rape (B.napus) are observed at Hunan Agricultral University. The leaf growth rate, leaf rear and leaf age on each leaf, effectively primary branches, effectively secondary branches, corniform pods on each plant, et are studied, we simulated the dynamic growth of B.napus by MATLAB language. By MATLAB language, We studied the correlation of the 10 main characters in B.napus between the yield and the correlation amony these characters. The resulds were as follows:
1.About leaf growth rate in B.napus, It conformed to Logistic equation. The slower they growed before winter, the larger the correlation coefficient was.
2. The leaf area was compared with the leaf age in the graph, under suitable cultiviation conditions, we knowed that the leaf area was extreme significantly correlated with the leaf age. That is to say, when the leaf area was larger, the leaf age was longer ,when the leaf area is the largest, the leaf age is the longest. About leaf area on each leaf, its variation of development accorded with y=axebx equation; About leaf age on each leaf, its variation development accorded with double-equetion y=ax2+bx+c.
3. As far as the correlation of effectively primary branches, effectiuely seconedary branches, corniform pods on each plant etc between time were concerned, it accorded with non-symmetry S curve y=a+blgx.
4. By analyzing the correlation coefficient of the 10 main characters between the yield in B.napus. its order was leaves on main stem>the diameter of root collar>the height of plant>effectively primary branches>green leaves on main stem>efTectively secondary branches>corniform pods on each plant>grains on each pod>the 1000-seed weight, the former 8 characters are extreme significantly correlated with the yield, but the correlations of the grains on each pod or the 1000- seed weight are not clear or negative.
5. By line-regressing the green leaves on main stem, the leaves on main stem, the height of plant, the diameter of root collar, the output on each plant, the the corniform pods on each plant etc between the yield, the results were as follows: the leaves on main stem increased 1 before winter, the yield increases about 20kg per mu; the leaves on main stem increased 1, the yield
increased about 5.4kg per mu; the height of plant increased 1 cm between 160cm and 180cm, the yield increased about 2kg per mu; the diameter of root collar increased 1mm, the yield increased about 3.33kg per mu; the output on each plant increased 1kg, the yield increased about 12kg per mu; the corniform pods on each plant increased 1, the yield increased about 0.7 per mu.
引文
1. Hodges T. Predicting crop pherology, Florida. USA:CRC Press. 1991.1-189.
2. Penning de Vries F W T. Jansen D M. Berge H F M. er al. simulation of ecophysiological process of growth in several annual crops. Wageningen. The Netherland;Pudoc. 1989,1-204.
3. Whiser F D, Acock B, Backer D N, et al. Crop Simulation models in agronomic systems, Advances in Agronomy, 1986,40;141-208.
4．高亮之、金之庆、黄耀、陈华、李秉柏主编 水稻栽培计算机模拟优化决策系统 中国农业科技出版社 1992 1-5．
5. Ritchie J T, Otter S. Description and performance of CERES-Wheat:A user-oriented wheat yield model. USDA-ARS ARS, 1985,38:159-175.
6．曹卫星 国外小麦生长模拟研究的进展 南京农业大学学报 1995，18(1)：10-14．
7. Klepper B, Hay Frank A B, Bauer A, et al, physiological and phonological research in support of wheat yield modeling USDA-ARS ARS, 1985,38:134-150.
8．黄金龙 现代作物生产与信息处理 见：邹琦、王学成主编 作物高产高效生理学研究进展 北京：科学出版社 1994 280-330．
9．刘后利 实用油菜栽培学。上海：上海科学技术出版社 1984， 240-280。
10．官春云主编 作物栽培学。 中国农业出版社 1997 188-220．
11．刁操铨主编 作物栽培学各论(南方本)。中国农业出版社 1989，304—340．
12．黄泽素、何采平、罗鸿源、魏忠芬 黔油10号产量构成因素及丰产稳定性分析 贵州农业科学 1997 25(6)：32-34
13．赵继献、任廷波 甘蓝型油菜核不育系母体植株二次分枝的形成规律 贵州农业科学 2002，30(5)：5-9．
14．赵继献、王华 密度、施氮量、施钾量对甘蓝型杂较油菜一次分枝数，总茎枝数形成的影响 贵州农业科学 1997，25(6)：8-11．
15．廖桂平 油菜(B．napus)生育动态模拟及高产栽培专家系统研究 [博士学位论文]．湖南农业大学植物科技学院 1998．
16. Mcmester G S, Morgan J A, Wilhelm, W W. Simulating winter spike development nd growth. Agricultural and Forest Metesnlogy, 1992.60:193-220.
17..Mcmester G S ,Wilhelm W W, Morgan J A, Simulating winter wheat shoot apex phenology, Journal of Agricultural Science, 1992,119:1-12.
18. Mesle J. Poussinaul G, Farquhar G D, et al. Foliar stage in wheat correlates better to photothermal time than to thermal time. plant cell and environment. 1989,12;235-247.
19．严力蛟，全为民，水稻生长动态模拟研究进展 生态学报 2002(7) 1143-1145．
20．英 J．法郎士；J．H．M．索恩利著 金之庆、高亮之主译 农业中的数学模型—农业其及有关科学若干问题的数学研究农业出版社 1991 5-10．
21. De Wit C T photosynthesis of leaf canopies. Agricultrial Research Report. 1965, 663:1-56.
22. Runcan W G, loomis K S, Williams W A, et al. A model for simulation photosynthesis in plant communities. Milgardia, 1967,181-205..
23. Porter J R, Jamieson P D, Wilson D R, comparison of the wheat, simulation models AFRCWHEAT2, CERES-Wheat and SWHEAT for nonlimiting conditions of crop growth. Field Crop Reseerch, 1993, 33:131-157.
24. Gao L Z(高亮之), Jin Z Q(金之庆), Huang Y(黄耀) et al, Rice computer sinulation model(RICEMOD) and its application-part 1 Rice clock model-a computer simulation model for rice development. Agrieultrial Meteorology (in Chinese)(中国农业气象), 1989,(2):3-10.
25．冯利平 小麦生长发育模拟模型(WHEATSNM)的研究：[博士学位论文]．南京农业大学农学系，1995．
26．黄耀、高亮之、李林 1989，长江流域水稻生产最适节与光合产量 中国农业科学技术出版社 21-22．
27．丁希泉、郑秀梅 农业实用回归分析[M]．长春：吉林科学技术出版，1989，285-340．
28．南京农学院 田间试验和统计方法[M]．北京：农业出版社，1979、69-75，250-270．
29．莫惠栋编著 农业实验统计 第一版 上海：上海科学技术出版 1984，240-280．
30．何仁斌 MATLAB 6.0工程计算机应用 重庆大学出版社 2001．12．
31．清源计算机工作室 MATLAB 6.0基础及应用，机械工业出版社 2001．5．
32．清源计算机工作室 MATLAB 6.0高级应用——图形图像处理机械工业出版社 2001．5．
33．高亮之、金之庆、黄耀、张立中，水稻钟模型——水稻发育动态的计算机模型 中国农业科学技术出版社 1989，20-40．
34．官春云、王锄非、彭善立 播种期对油菜生长发育和产量形成的影响 油料作物科技 1997(4)：37-42．
35．官春云主编 油菜生态与遗传育种研究 长沙：湖南科学技术出版社，1989．
36．张守文等，甘蓝型油菜生育后期叶片对产量的影响 中国油料 1996(1)：42-47．
37．官春云 试论油菜冬发在生产上的重要意义 油料作物 1965(2)：1-6．
38．官春云 论油菜冬发 中国农业科学 1978(4)：40-45．
39．官春云 三熟油菜亩产150kg左右的产量结构、三苗长势和技术措施 油料作物科技 1977(4)：28-30．
40．王国槐 油菜不同密度的立体结构 油菜研究文集 1984 5-8．
41．官春云主编 作物栽培学 北京：中国农业出版社 1997 195-196．
42. Slafer G A, Rawson H M. Sensitivity of Wheat Phasic development to major environmental factors:A examination of some assumption made by physiologists and modelers, Auster J Plant Physiol, 1994,21:393-426.
43．曹卫星、张海东 小麦温光反应与发育进程的模拟 南京农业大学学报 1996，19(1)：9-16．
2. Penning de Vries F W T. Jansen D M. Berge H F M. er al. simulation of ecophysiological process of growth in several annual crops. Wageningen. The Netherland;Pudoc. 1989,1-204.
3. Whiser F D, Acock B, Backer D N, et al. Crop Simulation models in agronomic systems, Advances in Agronomy, 1986,40;141-208.
4．高亮之、金之庆、黄耀、陈华、李秉柏主编 水稻栽培计算机模拟优化决策系统 中国农业科技出版社 1992 1-5．
5. Ritchie J T, Otter S. Description and performance of CERES-Wheat:A user-oriented wheat yield model. USDA-ARS ARS, 1985,38:159-175.
6．曹卫星 国外小麦生长模拟研究的进展 南京农业大学学报 1995，18(1)：10-14．
7. Klepper B, Hay Frank A B, Bauer A, et al, physiological and phonological research in support of wheat yield modeling USDA-ARS ARS, 1985,38:134-150.
8．黄金龙 现代作物生产与信息处理 见：邹琦、王学成主编 作物高产高效生理学研究进展 北京：科学出版社 1994 280-330．
9．刘后利 实用油菜栽培学。上海：上海科学技术出版社 1984， 240-280。
10．官春云主编 作物栽培学。 中国农业出版社 1997 188-220．
11．刁操铨主编 作物栽培学各论(南方本)。中国农业出版社 1989，304—340．
12．黄泽素、何采平、罗鸿源、魏忠芬 黔油10号产量构成因素及丰产稳定性分析 贵州农业科学 1997 25(6)：32-34
13．赵继献、任廷波 甘蓝型油菜核不育系母体植株二次分枝的形成规律 贵州农业科学 2002，30(5)：5-9．
14．赵继献、王华 密度、施氮量、施钾量对甘蓝型杂较油菜一次分枝数，总茎枝数形成的影响 贵州农业科学 1997，25(6)：8-11．
15．廖桂平 油菜(B．napus)生育动态模拟及高产栽培专家系统研究 [博士学位论文]．湖南农业大学植物科技学院 1998．
16. Mcmester G S, Morgan J A, Wilhelm, W W. Simulating winter spike development nd growth. Agricultural and Forest Metesnlogy, 1992.60:193-220.
17..Mcmester G S ,Wilhelm W W, Morgan J A, Simulating winter wheat shoot apex phenology, Journal of Agricultural Science, 1992,119:1-12.
18. Mesle J. Poussinaul G, Farquhar G D, et al. Foliar stage in wheat correlates better to photothermal time than to thermal time. plant cell and environment. 1989,12;235-247.
19．严力蛟，全为民，水稻生长动态模拟研究进展 生态学报 2002(7) 1143-1145．
20．英 J．法郎士；J．H．M．索恩利著 金之庆、高亮之主译 农业中的数学模型—农业其及有关科学若干问题的数学研究农业出版社 1991 5-10．
21. De Wit C T photosynthesis of leaf canopies. Agricultrial Research Report. 1965, 663:1-56.
22. Runcan W G, loomis K S, Williams W A, et al. A model for simulation photosynthesis in plant communities. Milgardia, 1967,181-205..
23. Porter J R, Jamieson P D, Wilson D R, comparison of the wheat, simulation models AFRCWHEAT2, CERES-Wheat and SWHEAT for nonlimiting conditions of crop growth. Field Crop Reseerch, 1993, 33:131-157.
24. Gao L Z(高亮之), Jin Z Q(金之庆), Huang Y(黄耀) et al, Rice computer sinulation model(RICEMOD) and its application-part 1 Rice clock model-a computer simulation model for rice development. Agrieultrial Meteorology (in Chinese)(中国农业气象), 1989,(2):3-10.
25．冯利平 小麦生长发育模拟模型(WHEATSNM)的研究：[博士学位论文]．南京农业大学农学系，1995．
26．黄耀、高亮之、李林 1989，长江流域水稻生产最适节与光合产量 中国农业科学技术出版社 21-22．
27．丁希泉、郑秀梅 农业实用回归分析[M]．长春：吉林科学技术出版，1989，285-340．
28．南京农学院 田间试验和统计方法[M]．北京：农业出版社，1979、69-75，250-270．
29．莫惠栋编著 农业实验统计 第一版 上海：上海科学技术出版 1984，240-280．
30．何仁斌 MATLAB 6.0工程计算机应用 重庆大学出版社 2001．12．
31．清源计算机工作室 MATLAB 6.0基础及应用，机械工业出版社 2001．5．
32．清源计算机工作室 MATLAB 6.0高级应用——图形图像处理机械工业出版社 2001．5．
33．高亮之、金之庆、黄耀、张立中，水稻钟模型——水稻发育动态的计算机模型 中国农业科学技术出版社 1989，20-40．
34．官春云、王锄非、彭善立 播种期对油菜生长发育和产量形成的影响 油料作物科技 1997(4)：37-42．
35．官春云主编 油菜生态与遗传育种研究 长沙：湖南科学技术出版社，1989．
36．张守文等，甘蓝型油菜生育后期叶片对产量的影响 中国油料 1996(1)：42-47．
37．官春云 试论油菜冬发在生产上的重要意义 油料作物 1965(2)：1-6．
38．官春云 论油菜冬发 中国农业科学 1978(4)：40-45．
39．官春云 三熟油菜亩产150kg左右的产量结构、三苗长势和技术措施 油料作物科技 1977(4)：28-30．
40．王国槐 油菜不同密度的立体结构 油菜研究文集 1984 5-8．
41．官春云主编 作物栽培学 北京：中国农业出版社 1997 195-196．
42. Slafer G A, Rawson H M. Sensitivity of Wheat Phasic development to major environmental factors:A examination of some assumption made by physiologists and modelers, Auster J Plant Physiol, 1994,21:393-426.
43．曹卫星、张海东 小麦温光反应与发育进程的模拟 南京农业大学学报 1996，19(1)：9-16．
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