麦谷蛋白亚基的动态积累及其Glu-1基因座的遗传多样性研究
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摘要
利用SDS-PAGE电泳，分析了不同品质类型的7个冬小麦品种（系）的A、B、C 3种麦谷蛋白亚基的形成时间和积累强度及与沉降值的关系，结果表明，在开花后8天时没有检测到麦谷蛋白亚基，在12天时有麦谷蛋白亚基出现。强筋小麦品种的A亚基在开花后12天时，没有全部表达，其Glu-A1和Glu-B1基因座编码亚基形成的时间不一致，Glu-D1基因座编码的y型亚基均表达，而x型亚基不一致。强筋小麦品种的B、C亚基在12天时大部分表达，只有个别亚基没出现，在16天时已全部表达。中筋小麦品种豫农9901的A、B、C３种亚基在开花后12天时均已表达。弱筋小麦品种在开花后12天时，豫展2000的A亚基全部表达，B、C亚基大部分表达，在20天时已全部出现，莱州953在12天时，A、B、C亚基中只有个别亚基表达，在20天时全部出现。在灌浆期间A、B、C３种类型麦谷蛋白亚基积累的量不是一直的增加，而有波动，在20天或20天后出现积累高峰，随着时间的推移，麦谷蛋白亚基的积累有升有降。
麦谷蛋白亚基与沉降值的相关性分析表明，A/T、A/C、A/B+C、A+B/C、A+B/T与沉降值呈极显著正相关；Aa/Ta、A/B、Aa/Ba、Aa/Ba+Ca与沉降值呈显著正相关；B+C/T与沉降值呈极显著负相关；Ba+Ca/Ta、C/T与沉降值呈显著负相关；B/T、Ba/Ta、Ca/Ta、 B/C、Ba/Ca、B、C、A+B、B+C、Aa+Ba、Ba+Ca与沉降值呈负相关，但不显著。Aa/Ca、T、Ta、A、Aa+Ba/Ca、Aa+Ba/Ta与沉降值呈正相关，但未达显著水平。
同样，利用SDS-PAGE电泳，研究了235份小麦种质（分为河南、国内
其它地方和国外3类），比较了它们高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）的组成和Glu-1基因座的遗传多样性，结果表明，河南和国内其它地方的种质，HMW-GS组成单一，以N, 7+9和2+12亚基组成为主；国外种质的HMW-GS组成以2*或N, 7+9，2+12或5+10为主。总体上看，国内其它地方种质和河南相比，2*, 7+9，5+10，3+12亚基或亚基对的频率降低，N, 7+8， 14+15，2+12，4+12亚基或亚基对的频率增加，其它亚基或亚基对仅在个别材料出现；国外种质的1，2*，N,７+８，3+12亚基或亚基对的频率介于河南和国内其它地方种质之间，７+９，2+12亚基对的频率下降，７，６+８，5+10, 4+12亚基或亚基对的频率均增加，其它亚基或亚基对仅在个别材料出现。 此外，在国外种质中发现了一个新异的HMW-GS组成，Glu-B1基因座有两个复等位基因同时表达，分别编码９亚基和１４+１５亚基对，而Glu-D1基因座沉默。
Glu-1基因座遗传多样性的研究表明，河南和国内其它地方种质的总遗传丰度均为14，国外种质的总遗传丰度为17。 河南种质和国内其它地区种质的遗传离散度差别不大，分别为0.6505和0.6567，和国外种质的遗传离散度（0.7445）相比较小，说明所收集的国内其它种质与河南的相比差别不大，而国外种质的变异类型较丰富，各变异类型的组成比例更趋均衡， 应该加强种质的收集和引进，促进不同国家不同地区之间遗传信息的交流，使种质在“群体’’上更趋合理。
The relationship between formation time and accumulation intensity of glutenin subunits A, B and C and sendimentation value of 7 winter wheat cultivars(lines) with different quality was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that no glutenin subunit was observed within 8 days after anthesis. The glutenin subunits appeared around 12th day after anthesis. A-type subunits of strong gluten wheat cultivars were not all existing around 12th after anthesis. Formation time of subunits at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci was not consistent around 12th day after anthesis, and y-type subunits at Glu-D1 locus all appeared around 12th day after anthesis, but x-type subunits at the same loci were not all expressed at the same time. A great part of B-type and C-type LMW-GS of strong gluten wheat cultivars appeared around 12th day after anthesis. All glutenin subunits of strong gluten wheat cultivars appeared around 16th day after anthesis. However, A-type, B-type and C-type subunits of mid-strong gluten wheat cultivar Yunong 9901 appeared around 12th day after anthesis. A-type subunits of weak gluten wheat cultivar Yuzhan 2000 all appeared around 12th day after anthesis, and only several B-type and C-type LMW-GS of it didn’t appear. But the majority of glutenin subunits of weak gluten wheat line Laizhou 953 did not appeared at the same time. All glutenin subunits of weak gluten wheat accessories appeared around 20th day after anthesis. During grain formation, accumulation quantity of A-type, B-type and C-type subunits did not increase gradually, but fluctuated. The accumulative peak of 3 kinds of subunits appeared around or after 20th day after anthesis. And subsequently, accumulation quantity of A-type, B-type and C-type subunits fluctuated before mature.
The correlation between content of A-type, B-type and C-type subunits in mature and accumulation intensity during grain formation and sendimentation value was analyzed. The results suggested the positive correlations between A/T, A/C, A/B+C, A+B/C and A+B/T and sendimentation value were more significant. The correlations of Aa/Ta, A/B, Aa/Ba and Aa/Ba+Ca with sendimentation value were positive significantly. The negative correlation between B+C/T and sendimentation value was more significant, and the correlations of Ba+Ca/Ta and C/T with sendimentation value were negative significantly. Moreover, the correlations of B/T, Ba/Ta, Ca/Ta, B/C, Ba/Ca, B, C, A+B, B+C, Aa+Ba, Ba+Ca, Aa/Ca, T, Ta, A, Aa+Ba/Ca and Aa+Ba/Ta with sendimentation value were not significant.
The comparison of composition of HMW-GS and diversity at Glu-1 loci among Henan germplasms(96 accessories) , other domestic (117 accessories) and overseas(22 accessories) was studied by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the dominant alleles of Henan germplasms and other germplasms in home were N, 7+9 and 2+12, however, those of overseas germplasms were 2* or N, 7+9，2+12 or 5+10. As a whole, the frequencies of subunit or subunit pairs 2*, 7+9，5+10 and 3+12 of other domestic germplasms became smaller than that of Henan, and the frequencies of subunit or subunit pairs N, 7+8, 14+15，2+12 and 4+12 increased. Nevertheless, other HMW glutenin subunits occurred in several accessions. The frequencies of subunits 1，2*，N, 7+8 and 3+12 of overseas germplasms were between Henan germplasms and other domestic. The frequencies of subunit pairs 7+9 and 2+12 became lower than home germplasms, on the contrary, the frequencies of subunits 7, 6+8, 5+10 and 4+12 increased. The subunits 3+10, 2+10,
5+12, 9 and 13+19 were identified in single accession. In addition, a kind of novel HMW-GS composition was identified in the accession Italy T , which has 3 HMW-GS in patterns . It has 2 alleles at Glu-B1, which encoded subunits 14+15 and 9 , but the Glu-D1 loci does not code protein. Furthermore, the diversity at Glu-1 loci was also studied . The allelic richnesses of Henan germplasms and other germplasms in home were all 14, and that of overseas germplasms was 17. The genetic dispersion indexes of Henan germplasms , other domestic germplasm
麦谷蛋白亚基与沉降值的相关性分析表明，A/T、A/C、A/B+C、A+B/C、A+B/T与沉降值呈极显著正相关；Aa/Ta、A/B、Aa/Ba、Aa/Ba+Ca与沉降值呈显著正相关；B+C/T与沉降值呈极显著负相关；Ba+Ca/Ta、C/T与沉降值呈显著负相关；B/T、Ba/Ta、Ca/Ta、 B/C、Ba/Ca、B、C、A+B、B+C、Aa+Ba、Ba+Ca与沉降值呈负相关，但不显著。Aa/Ca、T、Ta、A、Aa+Ba/Ca、Aa+Ba/Ta与沉降值呈正相关，但未达显著水平。
同样，利用SDS-PAGE电泳，研究了235份小麦种质（分为河南、国内
其它地方和国外3类），比较了它们高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）的组成和Glu-1基因座的遗传多样性，结果表明，河南和国内其它地方的种质，HMW-GS组成单一，以N, 7+9和2+12亚基组成为主；国外种质的HMW-GS组成以2*或N, 7+9，2+12或5+10为主。总体上看，国内其它地方种质和河南相比，2*, 7+9，5+10，3+12亚基或亚基对的频率降低，N, 7+8， 14+15，2+12，4+12亚基或亚基对的频率增加，其它亚基或亚基对仅在个别材料出现；国外种质的1，2*，N,７+８，3+12亚基或亚基对的频率介于河南和国内其它地方种质之间，７+９，2+12亚基对的频率下降，７，６+８，5+10, 4+12亚基或亚基对的频率均增加，其它亚基或亚基对仅在个别材料出现。 此外，在国外种质中发现了一个新异的HMW-GS组成，Glu-B1基因座有两个复等位基因同时表达，分别编码９亚基和１４+１５亚基对，而Glu-D1基因座沉默。
Glu-1基因座遗传多样性的研究表明，河南和国内其它地方种质的总遗传丰度均为14，国外种质的总遗传丰度为17。 河南种质和国内其它地区种质的遗传离散度差别不大，分别为0.6505和0.6567，和国外种质的遗传离散度（0.7445）相比较小，说明所收集的国内其它种质与河南的相比差别不大，而国外种质的变异类型较丰富，各变异类型的组成比例更趋均衡， 应该加强种质的收集和引进，促进不同国家不同地区之间遗传信息的交流，使种质在“群体’’上更趋合理。
The relationship between formation time and accumulation intensity of glutenin subunits A, B and C and sendimentation value of 7 winter wheat cultivars(lines) with different quality was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that no glutenin subunit was observed within 8 days after anthesis. The glutenin subunits appeared around 12th day after anthesis. A-type subunits of strong gluten wheat cultivars were not all existing around 12th after anthesis. Formation time of subunits at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci was not consistent around 12th day after anthesis, and y-type subunits at Glu-D1 locus all appeared around 12th day after anthesis, but x-type subunits at the same loci were not all expressed at the same time. A great part of B-type and C-type LMW-GS of strong gluten wheat cultivars appeared around 12th day after anthesis. All glutenin subunits of strong gluten wheat cultivars appeared around 16th day after anthesis. However, A-type, B-type and C-type subunits of mid-strong gluten wheat cultivar Yunong 9901 appeared around 12th day after anthesis. A-type subunits of weak gluten wheat cultivar Yuzhan 2000 all appeared around 12th day after anthesis, and only several B-type and C-type LMW-GS of it didn’t appear. But the majority of glutenin subunits of weak gluten wheat line Laizhou 953 did not appeared at the same time. All glutenin subunits of weak gluten wheat accessories appeared around 20th day after anthesis. During grain formation, accumulation quantity of A-type, B-type and C-type subunits did not increase gradually, but fluctuated. The accumulative peak of 3 kinds of subunits appeared around or after 20th day after anthesis. And subsequently, accumulation quantity of A-type, B-type and C-type subunits fluctuated before mature.
The correlation between content of A-type, B-type and C-type subunits in mature and accumulation intensity during grain formation and sendimentation value was analyzed. The results suggested the positive correlations between A/T, A/C, A/B+C, A+B/C and A+B/T and sendimentation value were more significant. The correlations of Aa/Ta, A/B, Aa/Ba and Aa/Ba+Ca with sendimentation value were positive significantly. The negative correlation between B+C/T and sendimentation value was more significant, and the correlations of Ba+Ca/Ta and C/T with sendimentation value were negative significantly. Moreover, the correlations of B/T, Ba/Ta, Ca/Ta, B/C, Ba/Ca, B, C, A+B, B+C, Aa+Ba, Ba+Ca, Aa/Ca, T, Ta, A, Aa+Ba/Ca and Aa+Ba/Ta with sendimentation value were not significant.
The comparison of composition of HMW-GS and diversity at Glu-1 loci among Henan germplasms(96 accessories) , other domestic (117 accessories) and overseas(22 accessories) was studied by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the dominant alleles of Henan germplasms and other germplasms in home were N, 7+9 and 2+12, however, those of overseas germplasms were 2* or N, 7+9，2+12 or 5+10. As a whole, the frequencies of subunit or subunit pairs 2*, 7+9，5+10 and 3+12 of other domestic germplasms became smaller than that of Henan, and the frequencies of subunit or subunit pairs N, 7+8, 14+15，2+12 and 4+12 increased. Nevertheless, other HMW glutenin subunits occurred in several accessions. The frequencies of subunits 1，2*，N, 7+8 and 3+12 of overseas germplasms were between Henan germplasms and other domestic. The frequencies of subunit pairs 7+9 and 2+12 became lower than home germplasms, on the contrary, the frequencies of subunits 7, 6+8, 5+10 and 4+12 increased. The subunits 3+10, 2+10,
5+12, 9 and 13+19 were identified in single accession. In addition, a kind of novel HMW-GS composition was identified in the accession Italy T , which has 3 HMW-GS in patterns . It has 2 alleles at Glu-B1, which encoded subunits 14+15 and 9 , but the Glu-D1 loci does not code protein. Furthermore, the diversity at Glu-1 loci was also studied . The allelic richnesses of Henan germplasms and other germplasms in home were all 14, and that of overseas germplasms was 17. The genetic dispersion indexes of Henan germplasms , other domestic germplasm
引文
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