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基于节点渐进法的预应力钢结构形状优化设计
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摘要
预应力钢结构是将预应力与钢结构相结合的新型结构体系,在桥梁、工业厂 
    房、大型体育场馆中得到广泛的应用。对预应力钢结构进行优化设计不仅可以起 
    到节约钢材、降低造价、提高结构承载能力的作用,而且可以创造出新型的结构 
    体系。从而丰富和发展预应力钢结构理论,并对预应力钢结构的工程实践具有指 
    导作用。 
        本文属于国家自然科学基金项目的部分研究内容。针对布索预应力钢结构考 
    虑了包括索力值的截面尺寸优化设计和结构形状优化设计。 
        在截面尺寸优化设计方面,考虑了结构在施加预应力阶段及荷载、预应力共 
    同作用阶段均需满足设计要求的约束条件,建立了相应的数学模型,设计变量包 
    括索力值和构件截面尺寸两类,提出了新的求解方法,在该方法中首先确定施加 
    在结构上的预应力,然后通过满应力设计选择截面尺寸。通过算例表明该方法简 
    单、有效。是本文预应力钢结构形状优化设计的基础。 
        预应力钢结构形状优化设计是本文的主要内容,分为布索位置优化、结构形 
    状优化和考虑布索位置的形状优化三部分。分别建立了相应的数学模型,涉及三 
    类设计变量:索力值、截面尺寸和节点坐标,在求解方法上将设计变量分为两个 
    子空间:第一子空间为预应力、截面尺寸优化设计空间 :二子空间为结构形状 
    优化设计空间。第一设计空间采用截面尺寸优化设计方法,第二设计空间采用渐 
    进结构优化法求解,两设计空间交替进行优化设计,直至索力、截面尺寸、结构 
    形状达到最优。算例表明该方法在预应力钢结构形状优化设计方面具有结构重量 
    逐渐降低、刚度不减、形状逐步达到最优的优点。最后对无预应力结构尺寸优化 
    设计、有预应力结构尺寸优化设计、无预应力结构形状优化设计、有预应力结构 
    形状优化设计在结构重量方面进行了比较,给出了相应的结论。
Pre-stressed steel structure is a new type structural system and has been widely 
    used in all kinds of buildings such as bridge,factory workshop,sport building and 
    SO 
    on.Optimal design for the pre-stressed steel structure not only plays a part of 
    economizing steel,reducing cost,improving load bearing of structure,but also creates 
    a new type structural system.Thus it can enrich and develop the theory of pre-tressed 
    steel structure,take directive function of engineering practice of pre-stressed steel 
    structure. 
        The research content of this paper is a part of the National Natural Science 
    Foundation of China.It studies the optimal design of section size and of structure 
    shape including optimization of cable loads aimed at laying cable pre-stressed steel 
    structures. 
        In aspect of section size optimization,the paper founds the relevant math model 
    considering constraint conditions which satisfy the demands of design in the stage of 
    appling pre-stress and the stage of appling pre-stress and loads.The model includes 
    two kinds of design variable:pre-stress and section size.The paper advances a new 
    solve method.In the method,we should determine the pre-stressed loads,and then 
    select the section size of structural components through fully stress method.It’S 
    demonstrated that the method is simple and effective by the examples.The method is 
    the basis of shape optimization of pre-stress steel structure in the paper. 
        Shape optimal design of pre-stress structure is the main content in the paper,
    It is 
    divided into three parts:location optimization of laying cable,shape optimization 
    of 
    structure,shape optimization thinking of laying cable location.For each part,math 
    model is founded respective,and for each model,it includes three kinds of design 
    variable:pre-stress,section size and location of nodes.In order to solve the problem, 
    the design variables are divided into two sub-spaces:the frist is pre-stress and section 
    size optimization design space and the second is shape optimization design
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