道路声屏障声学特性与声学设计研究
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摘要
为了解道路声屏障的声学特性，本文从分析声屏障的降噪原理出发，着重研究和探讨了不同声源状况的声屏障插入损失计算模型以及声屏障的声学设计方法，这些研究工作为今后更加深入和全面地研究声屏障的声学特性提供了基础资料。
论文不仅对声屏障的声学原理进行了详细的分析，还着重研究了典型道路(如高速公路、高架复合道路以及轨道交通)声屏障背后的声场分布特性，以及声插入损失的预测计算模型，得到了预测计算公式，并通过理论计算与实测相比较，验证了高速公路声屏障插入损失的预测模型。根据给出的插入损失的理论计算模型，对声屏障的声学设计、结构设计以及景观设计等方面进行了分析探讨，提出了声屏障优化设计的思路。
In order to understand the acoustic characteristic of noise-barrier, this text with deeply into the points from analyzing the principle of noise attenuation by noise-barrier, put great
emphasis on research with studying the mathematics model of insert loss and acoustic
considerations of noise-barrier.
The paper is focus on not only in the analysis of the principle of noise-barrier, but also in the sound distribution characteristic behind the barrier on some typical roads(such as highway, combinded elevated road and elevated railway), and the mathematics model of insert loss, obtain the mathematics formula. By comparing the calculating results and with measure results, it was shown that the model is suitable for the prediction of the insert loss of noise-barrier on the highway. Investigated on the aspects of acoustic considerations, structure and landscape based on the mathematics model of insert loss, and some new iders are presented to the optimization design of noise-barrier.
论文不仅对声屏障的声学原理进行了详细的分析，还着重研究了典型道路(如高速公路、高架复合道路以及轨道交通)声屏障背后的声场分布特性，以及声插入损失的预测计算模型，得到了预测计算公式，并通过理论计算与实测相比较，验证了高速公路声屏障插入损失的预测模型。根据给出的插入损失的理论计算模型，对声屏障的声学设计、结构设计以及景观设计等方面进行了分析探讨，提出了声屏障优化设计的思路。
In order to understand the acoustic characteristic of noise-barrier, this text with deeply into the points from analyzing the principle of noise attenuation by noise-barrier, put great
emphasis on research with studying the mathematics model of insert loss and acoustic
considerations of noise-barrier.
The paper is focus on not only in the analysis of the principle of noise-barrier, but also in the sound distribution characteristic behind the barrier on some typical roads(such as highway, combinded elevated road and elevated railway), and the mathematics model of insert loss, obtain the mathematics formula. By comparing the calculating results and with measure results, it was shown that the model is suitable for the prediction of the insert loss of noise-barrier on the highway. Investigated on the aspects of acoustic considerations, structure and landscape based on the mathematics model of insert loss, and some new iders are presented to the optimization design of noise-barrier.
引文
[1] 邵军，沙家正，张自力．声屏障和有源噪声控制声屏障，应用声学，41-44．
[2] 曹伟，薛玉宝，杨昕．国内外道路声屏障的研究与发展，河南省科技攻关项目(981140210)阶段性成果．
[3] 张增海，王重实．无限长声屏障对运行列车噪声降噪模型研究，噪声与振动控制，2002(1)12-14．
[4] 张新华，田新浩，刘达德．160km/h准高速铁路桥梁声屏障声学设计，噪声与振动控制，1999(1)30-34．
[5] 蒋伟康，陈光冶，朱振江，韩雪华．轨道交通的声屏障技术研究，噪声与振动控制，2001(1)29-32．
[6] 毛东兴，夏峻峰，洪宗辉．顶部带吸声柱体的微穿孔声屏障的应用研究，声学技术，1999，18(1)26-29．
[7] 宫本贤．声屏障隔声量的计算方法与设计，噪声与振动控制，1997(3)41-44．
[8] 董建昆．城市轨道交通声屏障设计探讨，噪声与振动控制，2001(6)33-37．
[9] 王绍笳，高淑英．统计能量法预测铁路声屏障的降噪效果，西南交通大学学报，2001，36(6)645-647．
[10] 高莉萍，刘达德．铁路声屏障插入损失的研究，噪声与振动控制，1998(4)28-31．
[11] 陈子明，王恕铨．高架复合道路交通噪声的声屏障A计权声插入损失的计算，环境科学，1996，17(6)16-19．
[12] 谭成翔，赵松龄．神经网络分布式多同道协同控制声屏障原理研究，环境科学，1997，18(3)47-49．
[13] 章力，郑长聚．声屏障对交通噪声的A计权插入损失，同济大学学报，1989，17(2)265-271．
[14] 冯晓，李方，邓学钧．Rnoise系统中的道路声屏障设计方法，东南大学学报，1998，28(1)：103-108．
[15] 林观辉，甘健彪，欧世铨．高速公路声屏障降噪声场的分布特性，城市管理与科技，2003，5(2)：69-70．
[16] 王素萍．高速公路声屏障插入损失计算，噪声与振动控制，1999(6)23-26．
[17] 刘少瑜，蒋国荣，刘继凯．高层住宅阳台对降低交通噪声的作用，噪声与振动控制，1999(3)7-11．
[18] 王季卿．高架道路声屏障的设计与实效，噪声与振动控制，2001(6)7-13．
[19] 杨满宏，叶慧海．贵石沟五矿居民区公路声屏障降噪性能分析，噪声与振动控制，1999(2)30-33．
[20] 翁贤邦，王邦全，陈瑞石．变电站噪声控制与声屏障模型研究，噪声与振动控制，1990(3)36-39．
[21] L.Godinho, J.Antonio, A.Tadeu. The Scattering of 3D Sound Sources by Rigid Barriers in the Vicinity of Tall Buildings. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements.2002,26:781-787.
[22] Luis Godinho, Julieta Antonio, Anonio Tadeu. Sound Propagation Around Rigid Barriers Laterally Confined by Tall Buildings. Applied Acoustics.2002,63:595-609.
[23] W.F.Cheng, C.F.Ng, K.C.Fung. The Theoretical Model to Optimize Noise Barrier Performance at the Window of a High-Rise Building. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2000,238(1):51-63.
[24] C.Cianfrini, M.Corcione, D.M.Fontana. Theoretical Analysis of the Acoustical Behaviour of Roadside Barriers with Diffusive Internal Surfaces. Applied Acoustics. 1996,48(4):323-338.
[25] G.R.Watts. In Situ Method for Determining the Transmission Loss of Noise Barriers. Applied Acoustics. 1997,51(4):421-438.
[26] G.R.Watts, N.S.Godfrey. Effects on Roadside Noise Levels of Sound Absorptive Materials in Noise Barriers. Applied Acoustics. 1999,58:385-402.
[27] G.R.Watts. Acoustic Perfomance of Parallel Traffic Noise Narriers. Applied Acoustics. 1996,47(2):95-119.
[28] S.J.Martin, D.C.Hothersall. Numerical Median Road Traffic Noise Barriers. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2002,251(4):671-681.
[29] J. Forssen, M. Ogren. Thick Barrier Noise-Reduction in the Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence: Measurements and Numerical Modelling. Applied Acoustics.2002,63:173-187.
[30] Erik M. Salomons. Noise Barriers in a Refracting Atmosphere. Applied Acoustics.1996,47(3):217-238.
[31] J.J.A. van Leeuwen. Noise Prediction Models to Determine the Effect of Barriers Placed Alongside Railway Lines. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1996,193(1):269-276.
[32] E.van Haaren, P.H.van Tol. Validation of Ray Acoustics Applied For the Modeling of Noise Barriers. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2000,231(3):681-688.
[33] P.Jean. The Effect of Structural Elasticity on the Efficiency of Noise Barriers. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2000,237(1):1-21.
[34] W.Shao, H.p.Lee, S.P.Lim. Performance of Noise Barriers with Random Edge Profiles. Applied Acoustics.2001,62:1157-1170.
[35] Okubo T, Fujiwara K. Efficiency of a noise barrier with an acoustically soft cylindrical edge for practical use. J Acoust 1991;32:269-81.
[36] William Bowlby, louis F C, Harris R A. A Review of Studies of Insertion I ose Degragation for Parallel Highway Noise Barrie. Noise Control Engineering Joural, March-April 1987:40-53.
[37] W.Shao, H.P.Lee, S.P.Lim. Performance of noise barriers with random edge profiles. Applied Acoustics, 62(2001): 1157-1170.
[38] J.Kastka, E.Buchta, U.Ritterstaedt, R.Paulsen, Mau. The Long Term Effect of Noise Protection Barriers on the Annoyance Response of Residents. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1995,184(5):823-852.
[39] 道路声屏障声学设计规范(报批稿)．
[40] 吴硕贤．道路交通噪声与居民区防噪评价．环境科学，第二卷，1981(6)：27．
[41] Beranek L.L.. Noise and Vibration Control, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971:554-603.
[42] 谢浩．设置南架路声屏障降低城区交通噪声．噪声与振动控制，2002(2)43-44．
[43] 任文堂等．交通噪声及其控制．北京：人民交通出版社，1984：181-184．327-328．
[44] Chye H C and Kah B L. Facade Effects on the Traffic Noise from the Exoresswav. Applied Acoustics. 1994:41.47-62.
[45] 章力，郑长聚．声屏障对交通噪声的A计权插入损失，同济大学学报，1989，17(2)265-271．
[46] 薛大建，李晓梅，田维坚等．高架轨轻交通噪声的模拟预测[J]．中国医学物理志，1997，14(4)：208-211．
[47] Duhamel D. Efficient calculation of the three-dimensional sound pressure field around a noise barrier[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,197(5):547-571.
[48] Van Leeuwen J.J.A. Noise prediction models to determine the effect of barriers placed alongside railway lines[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1996,193(1):269-276.
[49] Martin S.J, Hothersail D.C. Numerical modeling of median road traffic noise barriers[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002,251(4):671-681.
[50] 钟锡华．光波衍射与变换光学[M]，北京：高等教育出版社，1985，18-23．
[51] 宋国平等．成绵高速公路新型声屏障设计探讨．交通环保，2000，21(3)：19-22．
[52] 洪综辉等．道路声屏障优化设计探讨．
[52] D.Duhamel. Efficient Calcuation of the Three-Dimensional Sound Pressure Field Around A Noise Barrier. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1996,197(5):547-571.
[53] T.Okubo, K.Fujiwara. Efficiency of a Noise Barrier on the Ground with an Acoustically Soft Cylindrical Edge. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1998,216(5):771-790.
[54] Pontus J.Thorsson. Combined Effects of Admittance Optimisation on Both Barrier and Ground. Applied Acoustics.2003,64:693-711.
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[61] C.Wang, J.S.Bradley. A Mathematical Model for a Single Screen Barrier in Open-plan Offices. Applied Acoustics.2002,63:849-866.
[62] K.M.Li, W.Wang. A Bem Approach to Assess the Acoustic Performance of Noise Barriers in a Rffracting Atmosphere. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1998,211(4):663-681.
[63] L.A.de Lacerda. A Dual Boundary Element Formulation for Sound Propagation Around Barriers Over an Imperdance Plane. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1997,202(2):235-247.
[64] W.F.Cheng, C.F.Ng. The Acoustic Performance of an Inclined Barrier for High-Rise Residents. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2001,242(2):295-308.
[65] J.Park, T.Siegmund, L.Mongeau. Sound Transmission Through Elastomeric Bulb Seals. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2003,259(2):299-322.
[66] G.R.Watts, D.C.Hothersall, K.V.Horoshenkov. Measured and Predicted Acoustic Performance of Vertically Louvred Noise Barriers. Applied Acoustics.2001,62:1287-1311.
[67] S.M.Dance, B.M.Shield. Modelling of Sound Fields in Enclosed Spaces with Absorbent Room Surfaces PartⅢ. Barriers. Applied Acoustics.2000,61:385-397.
[1] 张邦俊，卢向明．铁路噪声对沿线住宅小区的影响，环境科学，2003．24(5)：157-160．
[2] 卢向明．高速公路声屏障插入损失测试分析与建议，声学与电子工程，2003．10：136-139．
[3] 卢向明．城市高架路上坡段交通噪声声场分布研究，声学与电子工程，2001．11：86-90．
[4] 卢向明．人与自然的协调发展关键是环境可持续发展，商丘职业技术学报，2003，2(3)：34-37．
[5] 过春燕，卢向明．德国Cadna/A环境噪声模拟软件在公路交通噪声预测中的应用，商丘职业技术学报，2002，3(2)：7-12．
[2] 曹伟，薛玉宝，杨昕．国内外道路声屏障的研究与发展，河南省科技攻关项目(981140210)阶段性成果．
[3] 张增海，王重实．无限长声屏障对运行列车噪声降噪模型研究，噪声与振动控制，2002(1)12-14．
[4] 张新华，田新浩，刘达德．160km/h准高速铁路桥梁声屏障声学设计，噪声与振动控制，1999(1)30-34．
[5] 蒋伟康，陈光冶，朱振江，韩雪华．轨道交通的声屏障技术研究，噪声与振动控制，2001(1)29-32．
[6] 毛东兴，夏峻峰，洪宗辉．顶部带吸声柱体的微穿孔声屏障的应用研究，声学技术，1999，18(1)26-29．
[7] 宫本贤．声屏障隔声量的计算方法与设计，噪声与振动控制，1997(3)41-44．
[8] 董建昆．城市轨道交通声屏障设计探讨，噪声与振动控制，2001(6)33-37．
[9] 王绍笳，高淑英．统计能量法预测铁路声屏障的降噪效果，西南交通大学学报，2001，36(6)645-647．
[10] 高莉萍，刘达德．铁路声屏障插入损失的研究，噪声与振动控制，1998(4)28-31．
[11] 陈子明，王恕铨．高架复合道路交通噪声的声屏障A计权声插入损失的计算，环境科学，1996，17(6)16-19．
[12] 谭成翔，赵松龄．神经网络分布式多同道协同控制声屏障原理研究，环境科学，1997，18(3)47-49．
[13] 章力，郑长聚．声屏障对交通噪声的A计权插入损失，同济大学学报，1989，17(2)265-271．
[14] 冯晓，李方，邓学钧．Rnoise系统中的道路声屏障设计方法，东南大学学报，1998，28(1)：103-108．
[15] 林观辉，甘健彪，欧世铨．高速公路声屏障降噪声场的分布特性，城市管理与科技，2003，5(2)：69-70．
[16] 王素萍．高速公路声屏障插入损失计算，噪声与振动控制，1999(6)23-26．
[17] 刘少瑜，蒋国荣，刘继凯．高层住宅阳台对降低交通噪声的作用，噪声与振动控制，1999(3)7-11．
[18] 王季卿．高架道路声屏障的设计与实效，噪声与振动控制，2001(6)7-13．
[19] 杨满宏，叶慧海．贵石沟五矿居民区公路声屏障降噪性能分析，噪声与振动控制，1999(2)30-33．
[20] 翁贤邦，王邦全，陈瑞石．变电站噪声控制与声屏障模型研究，噪声与振动控制，1990(3)36-39．
[21] L.Godinho, J.Antonio, A.Tadeu. The Scattering of 3D Sound Sources by Rigid Barriers in the Vicinity of Tall Buildings. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements.2002,26:781-787.
[22] Luis Godinho, Julieta Antonio, Anonio Tadeu. Sound Propagation Around Rigid Barriers Laterally Confined by Tall Buildings. Applied Acoustics.2002,63:595-609.
[23] W.F.Cheng, C.F.Ng, K.C.Fung. The Theoretical Model to Optimize Noise Barrier Performance at the Window of a High-Rise Building. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2000,238(1):51-63.
[24] C.Cianfrini, M.Corcione, D.M.Fontana. Theoretical Analysis of the Acoustical Behaviour of Roadside Barriers with Diffusive Internal Surfaces. Applied Acoustics. 1996,48(4):323-338.
[25] G.R.Watts. In Situ Method for Determining the Transmission Loss of Noise Barriers. Applied Acoustics. 1997,51(4):421-438.
[26] G.R.Watts, N.S.Godfrey. Effects on Roadside Noise Levels of Sound Absorptive Materials in Noise Barriers. Applied Acoustics. 1999,58:385-402.
[27] G.R.Watts. Acoustic Perfomance of Parallel Traffic Noise Narriers. Applied Acoustics. 1996,47(2):95-119.
[28] S.J.Martin, D.C.Hothersall. Numerical Median Road Traffic Noise Barriers. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2002,251(4):671-681.
[29] J. Forssen, M. Ogren. Thick Barrier Noise-Reduction in the Presence of Atmospheric Turbulence: Measurements and Numerical Modelling. Applied Acoustics.2002,63:173-187.
[30] Erik M. Salomons. Noise Barriers in a Refracting Atmosphere. Applied Acoustics.1996,47(3):217-238.
[31] J.J.A. van Leeuwen. Noise Prediction Models to Determine the Effect of Barriers Placed Alongside Railway Lines. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1996,193(1):269-276.
[32] E.van Haaren, P.H.van Tol. Validation of Ray Acoustics Applied For the Modeling of Noise Barriers. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2000,231(3):681-688.
[33] P.Jean. The Effect of Structural Elasticity on the Efficiency of Noise Barriers. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2000,237(1):1-21.
[34] W.Shao, H.p.Lee, S.P.Lim. Performance of Noise Barriers with Random Edge Profiles. Applied Acoustics.2001,62:1157-1170.
[35] Okubo T, Fujiwara K. Efficiency of a noise barrier with an acoustically soft cylindrical edge for practical use. J Acoust 1991;32:269-81.
[36] William Bowlby, louis F C, Harris R A. A Review of Studies of Insertion I ose Degragation for Parallel Highway Noise Barrie. Noise Control Engineering Joural, March-April 1987:40-53.
[37] W.Shao, H.P.Lee, S.P.Lim. Performance of noise barriers with random edge profiles. Applied Acoustics, 62(2001): 1157-1170.
[38] J.Kastka, E.Buchta, U.Ritterstaedt, R.Paulsen, Mau. The Long Term Effect of Noise Protection Barriers on the Annoyance Response of Residents. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1995,184(5):823-852.
[39] 道路声屏障声学设计规范(报批稿)．
[40] 吴硕贤．道路交通噪声与居民区防噪评价．环境科学，第二卷，1981(6)：27．
[41] Beranek L.L.. Noise and Vibration Control, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1971:554-603.
[42] 谢浩．设置南架路声屏障降低城区交通噪声．噪声与振动控制，2002(2)43-44．
[43] 任文堂等．交通噪声及其控制．北京：人民交通出版社，1984：181-184．327-328．
[44] Chye H C and Kah B L. Facade Effects on the Traffic Noise from the Exoresswav. Applied Acoustics. 1994:41.47-62.
[45] 章力，郑长聚．声屏障对交通噪声的A计权插入损失，同济大学学报，1989，17(2)265-271．
[46] 薛大建，李晓梅，田维坚等．高架轨轻交通噪声的模拟预测[J]．中国医学物理志，1997，14(4)：208-211．
[47] Duhamel D. Efficient calculation of the three-dimensional sound pressure field around a noise barrier[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,197(5):547-571.
[48] Van Leeuwen J.J.A. Noise prediction models to determine the effect of barriers placed alongside railway lines[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1996,193(1):269-276.
[49] Martin S.J, Hothersail D.C. Numerical modeling of median road traffic noise barriers[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002,251(4):671-681.
[50] 钟锡华．光波衍射与变换光学[M]，北京：高等教育出版社，1985，18-23．
[51] 宋国平等．成绵高速公路新型声屏障设计探讨．交通环保，2000，21(3)：19-22．
[52] 洪综辉等．道路声屏障优化设计探讨．
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