A科研所职业安全健康管理体系构建与运作思考
摘要
一、目的和意义
二十世纪以来，世界经济呈现持续、快速发展的态势，生产规模不断扩大，创造出愈来愈多的物质财富，但与此同时也带来了严重的职业安全健康问题。如何积极、有效地改善经济发展过程中的职业安全健康问题，成为世界各国面临的一项迫切任务。
职业安全健康管理体系（以下简称OSHMS）是20世纪80年代后期在国际上兴起的现代安全管理模式。它是一套系统化、程序化、同时具有高度自我约束、自我完善机制的科学管理体系。
OSHMS在国内还处于起步阶段。本文结合作者在A科研所从事安全管理工作的实践，探讨在高风险组织中推广实施OSHMS，以求通过新的职业安全健康管理模式，建立以危害辨识、风险评价和风险控制为核心的风险防范机制，提高组织持续改进的能力和管理水平，使安全系统中人－物－能量－信息要素之间趋于均衡，达到保护员工安全与健康的目的，同时增强企业的凝聚力和竞争力。
二、基本思路和逻辑结构
本文以A科研所职业安全健康管理实践、形势分析、现实处境、构建OSHMS的必要性和意义为背景，以A科研所现代安全生产管理模式创新为切入点，按“选题背景—形势分析—体系设计—效果评价”为路径，借助国内处有关OSHMS的研究和实践成果，充分贯彻理论与实践结合的原则，并结合国内高风险企业——A科研所，分五章进行OSHMS的构建与运作设计研究。
三、结构安排及主要内容
本文共分为五章：
绪论 主要介绍A科研所，以及职业安全健康管理的发展历史，着重阐述了OSHMS的相关理论，指出了A科研所建立完善的OSHMS必要性和意义。
着重分析国内外职业安全健康形势，指出我国在职业安全健康方面与世界的差距，以及由此对我国社会与经济发展产生潜在和巨大的影响。
主要就A科研所职业安全健康活动进行了介绍和分析。对存在的问题进行了总结和提炼。
第四章 重点介绍A科研所OSHMS构建和运作设计，突出了风险防范是OSHMS建设的核心。
第五章 对OSHMS设计效果进行了评价。
四、主要贡献
本文在选题上紧密联系安全生产实践，运用风险防范中系统安全理论及管理学知识，对A科研所职业安全健康活动状况进分析和概括总结，并对其OSHMS构建和运行进行了探讨和设计。论文应用理论联系实际的方法，以点带面，由A科研所安全生产管理个案，提出了进行职业安全健康管理创新的基本思路和工作程序，具有较强的操作性，对高风险火炸药行业OSHMS建设有所借鉴和启示。
I.?Purpose?and?Significance?
Since 20th century, global economy has been continuously developing at a high speed in an increasingly greater production scale, and more and more wealth has been created also. However, some serious occupational safety and health problems emerge at the same time. It has become an urgent task facing all the nations in the world that how to solve these problems related to occupational safety and health problems actively and efficiently in the course of economic development.
Occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS for short thereafter) is a modern safety management model rising internationally in the late1980. It is a scientific management system of systematization, procession, and with a mechanism of high self-restriction as well as self-improvement.
OSHMS is still in the beginning stage in China. This article, on the basis of safety management work by the author in A Research Institute, discusses how to spread OSHMS in high risk organization so as to establish a risk preventing mechanism concentrated on hazard identification, risk assessment and risk controlling, through a new occupational safety and health management model to improve enterprises’ ability to continuously improving themselves, to make the facts of human-matter- energy-information in safety system go to a balance, to attain the goal of protect the safety and health of staff, and to increase solidification and competition of enterprises.
II.?Thinking?and?Logic?Structure?
This?article,?on?the?background?of the safety and health management practice in A Research Institute and the necessity of build OSHMS through an analysis of present situation home and abroad, takes the
innovation of the modern safety production management model in A Research Institute. In line with the route of “topic context-situation analysis-system designing-result evaluating” and in virtue of the research and practice results concerning OSHMS home and abroad, it fully carries out the principle of theories linked to practice to discuss the establishment and the operation design of OSHMS in five chapters with A Research Institute as a high-risk enterprise at the meantime.
III.?Structure?and?Main?Contents?
This?article?comprises?five?chapters.?
Chapter?1, also the preface, chiefly introduces A Research Institute and the development history of occupational safety and health management, and focuses on the relevant theories on OSHMS, and points out the necessity and significance of establishing a consummate OSHMS in A Research Institute.
Chapter 2 attaches much importance to the?occupational safety and health in China and in?other?countries, to?China’s?disparity with?other?countries in occupational safety and health, and to?the potential great influence originating from?this on?the?economic growth?in?our?country.
Chapter?3 mainly introduces and?analyzes?the?practice on?occupational safety health?in?A Research Institute and summarizes the existing problems.
Chapter?4?chiefly?discusses the?establishment and?the?operation design of?OSHMS in?A Research Institute, indicating?that risk prevention is?the?core of OSHMS building.
Chapter?5 evaluates?the?results?of?OSHMS?design.???
IV.?Contribution?
This?article, with a?topic closely?tied with practice, through the?system safety theories and?management?knowledge in?risk?prevention, analyzes and?summarizes the?practice?on?occupational safety and?health?in A Research Institute and?discusses?the?establishment of?OSHMS in?A
Research Institute. The article,?through?the?method of?theories?linked?to practices, puts forward some cases?on?safety?production in?A Research Institute fundamental ideas and work?procedures on?the innovation of?occupational?safety health management. It?is?quite operational and?is?helpful?to?build OSHMS?in the high-risk?fields such as powder and?dynamite.
二十世纪以来，世界经济呈现持续、快速发展的态势，生产规模不断扩大，创造出愈来愈多的物质财富，但与此同时也带来了严重的职业安全健康问题。如何积极、有效地改善经济发展过程中的职业安全健康问题，成为世界各国面临的一项迫切任务。
职业安全健康管理体系（以下简称OSHMS）是20世纪80年代后期在国际上兴起的现代安全管理模式。它是一套系统化、程序化、同时具有高度自我约束、自我完善机制的科学管理体系。
OSHMS在国内还处于起步阶段。本文结合作者在A科研所从事安全管理工作的实践，探讨在高风险组织中推广实施OSHMS，以求通过新的职业安全健康管理模式，建立以危害辨识、风险评价和风险控制为核心的风险防范机制，提高组织持续改进的能力和管理水平，使安全系统中人－物－能量－信息要素之间趋于均衡，达到保护员工安全与健康的目的，同时增强企业的凝聚力和竞争力。
二、基本思路和逻辑结构
本文以A科研所职业安全健康管理实践、形势分析、现实处境、构建OSHMS的必要性和意义为背景，以A科研所现代安全生产管理模式创新为切入点，按“选题背景—形势分析—体系设计—效果评价”为路径，借助国内处有关OSHMS的研究和实践成果，充分贯彻理论与实践结合的原则，并结合国内高风险企业——A科研所，分五章进行OSHMS的构建与运作设计研究。
三、结构安排及主要内容
本文共分为五章：
绪论 主要介绍A科研所，以及职业安全健康管理的发展历史，着重阐述了OSHMS的相关理论，指出了A科研所建立完善的OSHMS必要性和意义。
着重分析国内外职业安全健康形势，指出我国在职业安全健康方面与世界的差距，以及由此对我国社会与经济发展产生潜在和巨大的影响。
主要就A科研所职业安全健康活动进行了介绍和分析。对存在的问题进行了总结和提炼。
第四章 重点介绍A科研所OSHMS构建和运作设计，突出了风险防范是OSHMS建设的核心。
第五章 对OSHMS设计效果进行了评价。
四、主要贡献
本文在选题上紧密联系安全生产实践，运用风险防范中系统安全理论及管理学知识，对A科研所职业安全健康活动状况进分析和概括总结，并对其OSHMS构建和运行进行了探讨和设计。论文应用理论联系实际的方法，以点带面，由A科研所安全生产管理个案，提出了进行职业安全健康管理创新的基本思路和工作程序，具有较强的操作性，对高风险火炸药行业OSHMS建设有所借鉴和启示。
I.?Purpose?and?Significance?
Since 20th century, global economy has been continuously developing at a high speed in an increasingly greater production scale, and more and more wealth has been created also. However, some serious occupational safety and health problems emerge at the same time. It has become an urgent task facing all the nations in the world that how to solve these problems related to occupational safety and health problems actively and efficiently in the course of economic development.
Occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS for short thereafter) is a modern safety management model rising internationally in the late1980. It is a scientific management system of systematization, procession, and with a mechanism of high self-restriction as well as self-improvement.
OSHMS is still in the beginning stage in China. This article, on the basis of safety management work by the author in A Research Institute, discusses how to spread OSHMS in high risk organization so as to establish a risk preventing mechanism concentrated on hazard identification, risk assessment and risk controlling, through a new occupational safety and health management model to improve enterprises’ ability to continuously improving themselves, to make the facts of human-matter- energy-information in safety system go to a balance, to attain the goal of protect the safety and health of staff, and to increase solidification and competition of enterprises.
II.?Thinking?and?Logic?Structure?
This?article,?on?the?background?of the safety and health management practice in A Research Institute and the necessity of build OSHMS through an analysis of present situation home and abroad, takes the
innovation of the modern safety production management model in A Research Institute. In line with the route of “topic context-situation analysis-system designing-result evaluating” and in virtue of the research and practice results concerning OSHMS home and abroad, it fully carries out the principle of theories linked to practice to discuss the establishment and the operation design of OSHMS in five chapters with A Research Institute as a high-risk enterprise at the meantime.
III.?Structure?and?Main?Contents?
This?article?comprises?five?chapters.?
Chapter?1, also the preface, chiefly introduces A Research Institute and the development history of occupational safety and health management, and focuses on the relevant theories on OSHMS, and points out the necessity and significance of establishing a consummate OSHMS in A Research Institute.
Chapter 2 attaches much importance to the?occupational safety and health in China and in?other?countries, to?China’s?disparity with?other?countries in occupational safety and health, and to?the potential great influence originating from?this on?the?economic growth?in?our?country.
Chapter?3 mainly introduces and?analyzes?the?practice on?occupational safety health?in?A Research Institute and summarizes the existing problems.
Chapter?4?chiefly?discusses the?establishment and?the?operation design of?OSHMS in?A Research Institute, indicating?that risk prevention is?the?core of OSHMS building.
Chapter?5 evaluates?the?results?of?OSHMS?design.???
IV.?Contribution?
This?article, with a?topic closely?tied with practice, through the?system safety theories and?management?knowledge in?risk?prevention, analyzes and?summarizes the?practice?on?occupational safety and?health?in A Research Institute and?discusses?the?establishment of?OSHMS in?A
Research Institute. The article,?through?the?method of?theories?linked?to practices, puts forward some cases?on?safety?production in?A Research Institute fundamental ideas and work?procedures on?the innovation of?occupational?safety health management. It?is?quite operational and?is?helpful?to?build OSHMS?in the high-risk?fields such as powder and?dynamite.
引文
1.《危险源辨识控制及评价》 陈宝智
四川科技出版社 1996.09
2.《安全管理》 中国劳保学会
海洋出版社 2001.11
3.《安全管理学》 吴穹 许开立
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
4.《安全工程概论》 王福成 陈宝智
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
5.《安全系统工程》 张景林 崔国璋
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
6.《安全人机工程学》 欧阳文昭 廖可兵
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
7.《安全生产法律基础与应用》 中国劳保学会
海洋出版社 2001.11
8.《职业健康安全管理体系知识问答》 黄进
中国标准出版社 2003.02
9.《管理干部安全教育读本》 中国劳保出版社 2001.09
10.《安全系统工程概论》 曲和鼎
化学工作出版社 1988.07
11.《安全科学与安全生产》 徐德蜀 宋大成
中国劳保出版社 1998.04
12.《危险源评估与安全生产保障体系》 张国顺
兵器工业出版社 1999.08
13.《事故预防原理》 陈宝智
中国劳保出版社 1997.07
14.《安全生产技术基础》 中国劳保学会
海洋出版社 2001.11
15.《迈向新世纪的中国劳动安全卫生》 刘铁民
中国社会出版社 2000.04
16.《企业安全生产管理规章制度精选》刘铁民
中国劳动社会保障出版社 2003.04
17.《火炸药科研生产的安全评价》 鲁 剑 A科研所 2003.07
18.《 A科研所伤亡事故综合分析》 鲁 剑 A科研所 2002.12
19.《战略管理》 迈克尔?A?希特 等
机械工业出版社 2002.07
20.《管理学》第四版 斯蒂芬?P?罗宾斯
中国人民大学出版社 1997
21.《组织行为学》第七版 斯蒂芬?P?罗宾斯
中国人民大学出版社 1997
22.《风险分析与管理》 罗云
国音安全培训中心2001.09
23.《Occupational health and safety management systems-Specification》 OHSAS18001 1999.10
24.《Occupational health and safety management systems：Guidelines for the implentation of OHSAS18001》 OHSAS18002 1999.10
25.《Safety Management Planning 》 Ferry T.S
The Merritt Company 1985
四川科技出版社 1996.09
2.《安全管理》 中国劳保学会
海洋出版社 2001.11
3.《安全管理学》 吴穹 许开立
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
4.《安全工程概论》 王福成 陈宝智
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
5.《安全系统工程》 张景林 崔国璋
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
6.《安全人机工程学》 欧阳文昭 廖可兵
煤炭工业出版社 2002.07
7.《安全生产法律基础与应用》 中国劳保学会
海洋出版社 2001.11
8.《职业健康安全管理体系知识问答》 黄进
中国标准出版社 2003.02
9.《管理干部安全教育读本》 中国劳保出版社 2001.09
10.《安全系统工程概论》 曲和鼎
化学工作出版社 1988.07
11.《安全科学与安全生产》 徐德蜀 宋大成
中国劳保出版社 1998.04
12.《危险源评估与安全生产保障体系》 张国顺
兵器工业出版社 1999.08
13.《事故预防原理》 陈宝智
中国劳保出版社 1997.07
14.《安全生产技术基础》 中国劳保学会
海洋出版社 2001.11
15.《迈向新世纪的中国劳动安全卫生》 刘铁民
中国社会出版社 2000.04
16.《企业安全生产管理规章制度精选》刘铁民
中国劳动社会保障出版社 2003.04
17.《火炸药科研生产的安全评价》 鲁 剑 A科研所 2003.07
18.《 A科研所伤亡事故综合分析》 鲁 剑 A科研所 2002.12
19.《战略管理》 迈克尔?A?希特 等
机械工业出版社 2002.07
20.《管理学》第四版 斯蒂芬?P?罗宾斯
中国人民大学出版社 1997
21.《组织行为学》第七版 斯蒂芬?P?罗宾斯
中国人民大学出版社 1997
22.《风险分析与管理》 罗云
国音安全培训中心2001.09
23.《Occupational health and safety management systems-Specification》 OHSAS18001 1999.10
24.《Occupational health and safety management systems：Guidelines for the implentation of OHSAS18001》 OHSAS18002 1999.10
25.《Safety Management Planning 》 Ferry T.S
The Merritt Company 1985
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