传能光纤激光雕刻机图像处理技术的研究
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摘要
激光雕刻是综合了激光、光学、精密机械、计算机等技术于一体的高技术，它是利用激光束照射在材料表面形成刻点，随着激光束相对工件的移动，实现在工件上雕刻的。与传统的机械加工相比具有无污染、高速度、高质量、不接触工件的优点。对现有市场经过分析，发现激光雕刻是现在及今后一个很有发展前景的工业，但是纵观市场上的激光雕刻机，基本上是采用反射镜式光路系统或高速振镜式光路系统传输能量的方式，这些方式存在许多不足之处。所以，本文提出用红外传能光纤进行传输激光能量的激光雕刻方法。
本课题的创新点就是采用传能光纤组成的光路系统代替原来的光路系统，解决了光学透镜存在的偏转和稳定问题，使刻线在任何地点都保持均匀、功率恒定、图形光滑、且适合大范围加工。由于用于激光雕刻的软件属于专用软件，一些图像图形方面的通用软件仅用于在PC机上进行处理或打印输出，而不能直接用于激光雕刻。同时由于雕刻机软件具有商业性和专利性，各雕刻机厂家的软件都有很强的保密性质，所以没有现成的雕刻软件可供借鉴。并且软件的应用与一定的硬件相关联，因此对于应用传能光纤的激光雕刻机，有必要开发配套的专用软件。
本文主要是分析激光雕刻机原理，选择适合自己的方案，然后针对设计的硬件和BMP图像文件格式的图像处理理论，开发适用于扫描式雕刻的激光雕刻机软件。在论文中介绍了传能光纤的发展及本系统使用的GeO2传能光纤，经过研究得知理论上满足雕刻的要求，通过对其进行性能测试和在医疗设备上的实际应用，从而得出实际上也满足激光雕刻的要求。本文主要偏重于图像处理开发自己的软件，软件包括两大部分，即图像处理和数据提取执行雕刻。
在软件实现中首先介绍了图像预处理的基础知识。其次，介绍了图像编程基础和设备无关位图访问，从而在VC++6.0基础上定义了自己的CDIB类。最后，介绍了本系统的硬件选型和软件算法，重点提出了改进的光纤传输方法及实现软件流程图，并给出了图像软件程序调试的结果。
Laser engraving as a high-thch product which includes laser, optics, precision mechanism and computer. Which realizes carving with the comparative moving of laser in the surface of materials which absorb energy so as to be boiled away. Contrast to mechanism engraving, the laser engraving has many merits including no pollution, high speed, high quality and untouched piece. Laser engraving is a aspiration industry now and future by analyzing the markets of laser engraving. But almost all laser engraving machines adopt holophote optical circuit and vibro mirror optical circuit. These original optical circuits have many defects. So the paper presents the means of laser engraving of transmission by hollow-core optical fiber.
The innovation is the application to hollow-core optical fiber which replaces traditional optical circuit, The means resolves the problem of deflexion and stabilization. And which makes the carving-line uniformity, invariable power, picture lubricity and which is adapted to large-scale machining. Because the software of laser engraving is an exclusive software and some images software have only process function, which don't adapted to engraving. In addition which has commercial and patent characters. Therefore which is needed to design a software.
The paper analyzes principle of laser engraving, and which selects project and parts of an apparatus. In the paper, which mostly exploit a scan engraving software about BMP image. The paper introduces the development of optical fiber and the GeO2 hollow-core optical fiber which transmit CO2 in our graduate school. The GeO2 hollow-core optical fiber is adapted to laser engraving in theory. By testing in laboratory and using in many large hospitals. The paper makes a conclusion which satisfies the engraving need in practice. Secondly, the paper lays particular stress on software which includes image processing and distilling datum and control.
The software which firstly introduces the basic knowledge of the image processing. Secondly, the paper introduces the basis of
program and DIB visiting functions, and defines my DIB class. Finally, the paper introduces the configuration in whole hardware and software, especially explain the transmission means in hollow-core optical fiber and program flow diagram and give result of software debugging.
本课题的创新点就是采用传能光纤组成的光路系统代替原来的光路系统，解决了光学透镜存在的偏转和稳定问题，使刻线在任何地点都保持均匀、功率恒定、图形光滑、且适合大范围加工。由于用于激光雕刻的软件属于专用软件，一些图像图形方面的通用软件仅用于在PC机上进行处理或打印输出，而不能直接用于激光雕刻。同时由于雕刻机软件具有商业性和专利性，各雕刻机厂家的软件都有很强的保密性质，所以没有现成的雕刻软件可供借鉴。并且软件的应用与一定的硬件相关联，因此对于应用传能光纤的激光雕刻机，有必要开发配套的专用软件。
本文主要是分析激光雕刻机原理，选择适合自己的方案，然后针对设计的硬件和BMP图像文件格式的图像处理理论，开发适用于扫描式雕刻的激光雕刻机软件。在论文中介绍了传能光纤的发展及本系统使用的GeO2传能光纤，经过研究得知理论上满足雕刻的要求，通过对其进行性能测试和在医疗设备上的实际应用，从而得出实际上也满足激光雕刻的要求。本文主要偏重于图像处理开发自己的软件，软件包括两大部分，即图像处理和数据提取执行雕刻。
在软件实现中首先介绍了图像预处理的基础知识。其次，介绍了图像编程基础和设备无关位图访问，从而在VC++6.0基础上定义了自己的CDIB类。最后，介绍了本系统的硬件选型和软件算法，重点提出了改进的光纤传输方法及实现软件流程图，并给出了图像软件程序调试的结果。
Laser engraving as a high-thch product which includes laser, optics, precision mechanism and computer. Which realizes carving with the comparative moving of laser in the surface of materials which absorb energy so as to be boiled away. Contrast to mechanism engraving, the laser engraving has many merits including no pollution, high speed, high quality and untouched piece. Laser engraving is a aspiration industry now and future by analyzing the markets of laser engraving. But almost all laser engraving machines adopt holophote optical circuit and vibro mirror optical circuit. These original optical circuits have many defects. So the paper presents the means of laser engraving of transmission by hollow-core optical fiber.
The innovation is the application to hollow-core optical fiber which replaces traditional optical circuit, The means resolves the problem of deflexion and stabilization. And which makes the carving-line uniformity, invariable power, picture lubricity and which is adapted to large-scale machining. Because the software of laser engraving is an exclusive software and some images software have only process function, which don't adapted to engraving. In addition which has commercial and patent characters. Therefore which is needed to design a software.
The paper analyzes principle of laser engraving, and which selects project and parts of an apparatus. In the paper, which mostly exploit a scan engraving software about BMP image. The paper introduces the development of optical fiber and the GeO2 hollow-core optical fiber which transmit CO2 in our graduate school. The GeO2 hollow-core optical fiber is adapted to laser engraving in theory. By testing in laboratory and using in many large hospitals. The paper makes a conclusion which satisfies the engraving need in practice. Secondly, the paper lays particular stress on software which includes image processing and distilling datum and control.
The software which firstly introduces the basic knowledge of the image processing. Secondly, the paper introduces the basis of
program and DIB visiting functions, and defines my DIB class. Finally, the paper introduces the configuration in whole hardware and software, especially explain the transmission means in hollow-core optical fiber and program flow diagram and give result of software debugging.
引文
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2 侯蓝田,周桂耀,杨育林,等.多晶空芯传能光纤的研究与进展.材料导报,2000,14(6): 12-13 10
3 Hou Lantian, Fu Lianfu, Lu Ping, et.al. Pure Germanium Dioxide Hollow-Core Fiber Transmitting CO2 Laser. Science in China Series A,1995,386:749-956
4 Hou Lantian, Sun Yingzhi, Zhao Bin. Study on the Mode Losses and Bending Losses of Hollow Core Optical Fiber of GeO2 and SiO2 Base for Transmitting CO2 Laser Energy. Chinese Journal of Laser,1996,B51:27-32
5 Hou Lantian. Transmission Characteristic of GeO2 Hollow-Core Fiber.SPIE,1996, 2893:509
6 Hou Lantian. Transmitting CO2 Laser Energy Hollow-Core Fibers. High Technology Lett,1997,32:70-75
7 S. J. Wilson. Hollow Core Glass Waveguides.SPIE,1987,799:54-59
8 陈云珍,王立忠,薛正源.50W CO2激光雕刻机控制系统.应用激光,1997,17(5): 231-232
9 郑万波,李喜增,夏亮.实时图像激光雕刻的微机控制.长春邮电学院学院,1998, 16(2):29-31
10 李惠,李铸和,张有.激光雕刻的微机控制系统.激光与红外,1997,27(6):337-339
11 于政涛,黄新银.基于微机的激光雕刻机控制系统设计.电子技术应用,2000,12:
9-10
12 赵英伟.计算机控制激光二维复杂图形扫描加工.[河北工业大学硕士论文].2002: 2-3
13 宁国勤.激光打标控制系统的研究与实现.[华中师范大学硕士论文].2002:1-7
14 吴仲城,虞承端,戈瑜.Nd:YAG激光打标机控制系统的设计.测控技术,1999,18(12): 54-56
15 A. Kuhn, I. J. Blewett, D. P. Hand, et.al.. Optical Fibre Beam Delivery of High- Energy Laser Pulses:Beam Quality Preservation and Fibre End-Preparation. Optical and Lasers in Engineering,2000,(34):273-288
16 Jeremy Smith, Jim Lucas, Bill Steen. Vision-Guided Laser Cutting of Embroidered Fabrics. Engineering Technology,1998:4-5 50-53
Jim Scaroni, Terry McKee. A Close Look at Laser Marking of Silicon Wafers. Solid State
17 Technology,1997,(7):245-251
18 B. Dekel, S. Shalem. Hollow Glass Waveguides and Silver Halide Fibers as Scanning Elements for CO2 Laser Marking Systems.Optical Engineering,2000,39(5):1384-1390
19 宁国勤,朱中,朱绍文,等.激光打标中图形图像的处理.激光技术,2002,26(4): 295-296 317
20 肖毅.一种激光打标系统的设计与实现.[华中师范大学硕士论文].2001:1-17
21 宋恩民,胡兵,何云贵,等.微机控制激光雕刻图像的方法研究.小型微型计算机系统, 1996,17(2):74-80
22 L. William, Arthur. Laser Marking:Rating the Players.Lasers&Optronics,1989,(10): 51-53
23 陈持平,邱明新,王敏芳.微机控制二氧化碳激光雕刻机.应用激光,1993,4:75-77
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