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混沌理论及混沌振荡器的研究
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摘要
混沌是在确定性系统中发生的貌似随机的无规则或不规则运动。它是20世纪70年代发展起来的,在过去的几十年里,混沌理论取得了巨大的进展。但是混沌理论毕竟是一门崭新的科学,混沌理论还不成熟,还有待于进一步完善。由于混沌现象广泛存在于客观世界中,如气象学中的Lorenz系统,电路中的Chua电路系统等。一方面,混沌系统对初始条件极端敏感,使得混沌输出常常不符合人们的要求,甚至是有害的,因此在许多实际的系统中,我们常常需要控制或抑制系统中的混沌;但是另一方面,混沌在某些情况下是非常有用的(例如混沌信号用于保密通信领域等),因此,对混沌理论的研究,将具有十分重要的理论意义和实际的应用价值。
     本文首先介绍了有关混沌的基本概念,并对混沌的本质和混沌信号的主要特征进行了深入的探讨和分析。在此基础上,对混沌理论进行了深入的研究,指出了目前研究混沌的方法,分析了混沌运动的特征、通向混沌的道路和判定混沌的方法。
     其次,论文讨论了混沌信号在保密通信中的应用情况,对混沌保密通信的理论依据和实现方法、混沌保密通信需要解决的问题做了深入的探讨,并探讨了混沌理论在其它学科领域的应用情况。
     最后,论文对用通用阻抗变换器构成的频变负电阻实现的混沌振荡器进行了深入的研究。提出了用跨导运算放大器(OTA)构成的频变负电阻实现的混沌振荡器和用第二代电流传输器(CCⅡ)构成的频变负电阻实现的混沌振荡器,并分别用PSpice和Matlab进行了仿真。指出了用跨导运算放大器和第二代电流传输器构成的振荡器具有很多优越性,因而更能得到广泛的应用。
Chaos is a kind of seeming random, chance or irregular movement, which appears in a definiteness system. Chaos theory has been developed since 70's 20 century. Great achievement has been gained in theoretical study of chaos over the past several decades. After all, it's a band-new discipline, it's not mature and need perfect. There are lots of chaotic phenomena in the world, such as Lorenz system in the meteorology, Chau circuit system and so on. On the one hand, because chaotic system is extremely sensitive to the initial condition which make the chaotic output not meet people's demand, even imperil us, we always need control or restrain chaos in many practical systems. On the other hand, the chaotic system is beneficial to other systems (such as the application to the secure communications). The researches on chaos theory will have theoretical significance and real applied value.
    First of all, the thesis introduced chaos concept, the essence of chaos and primary character of chaos signal is discussed and analyzed deeply. Based above the content, chaos theory is studied deeply, the method of research on chaos is pointed out, the character of chaos movement, the path of leading to chaos and the way of judging chaos are analyzed deeply.
    Secondly, the paper discussed the application of chaos secure communication. The theory principle, realizing method and the problem of chaos secure communication are discussed deeply. And the application of chaos theory in other field is also discussed.
    Finally, chaotic oscillator using a FDNR (frequency dependent negative resistor) is studied deeply. Chaotic oscillator using a FDNR realized by OTA (operational transconductance amplifiers) or CCII (current conveyors II) is proposed, and PSpice and Matlab simulation results are given. Chaos oscillators realized by OTA or CCII have many advantages, so they will apply widely.
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