HFC-CATV网络上行信道及数据传输技术研究
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摘要
本文对HFC—CATV网络上行信道的特性及数据传输技术进行了研究。首先通过理论分析和仿真建立了HFC网络的上行信道的模型，并对上行信道特有的噪声及干扰对调制技术的影响做了详细讨论。然后研究了在多址接入信道上需要实现的两级同步问题：网络同步和突发同步。深入研究了突发同步问题，指出快速、有效地恢复载波和位时钟是突发同步的关键因素，并以16QAM调制信号为模型，给出了一类特定图案的报头及基于该报头的全数字突发模式的快速同步参数恢复算法，仿真结果表明，只要采用十几个符号长度的报头就可以取得比较理想的捕获性能。最后，对全数字接收机技术进行了讨论，给出了一种应用FPGA器件来设计FIR滤波器的方案，实验结果表明，此滤波器的性能能够很好地适应HFC网络上行信道对突发通信的要求。
This thesis studies the properties and data transmission technologies of the upstream channel of HFC-CATV networks. First, the upstream channel model of HFC networks is established through theoretic analyses and simulation experiments. And the specific noise of the upstream channel as well as its influence on the modulation techniques are studied in details. Secondly, two-stage synchronization techniques required for multiple access channel, i.e., network synchronization and burst synchronization, are researched. The recovery of carrier and symbol timing is the key points of burst synchronization. With the model of 16QAM signals as an example, the specific framework preamble and the fast synchronization recovery algorithm of a all-digital burst transmission based on the preamble is presented. Simulation results show that good acquisition performances can be achieved when the symbol number of the preamble is lager than sixteen. Finally, the all-digital receiver techniques are studied, the FIR filter is design
ed with FPGA devices. Experimental results indicate that the filter is suitable for the burst mode transmission of the upstream channel of the HFC networks.
This thesis studies the properties and data transmission technologies of the upstream channel of HFC-CATV networks. First, the upstream channel model of HFC networks is established through theoretic analyses and simulation experiments. And the specific noise of the upstream channel as well as its influence on the modulation techniques are studied in details. Secondly, two-stage synchronization techniques required for multiple access channel, i.e., network synchronization and burst synchronization, are researched. The recovery of carrier and symbol timing is the key points of burst synchronization. With the model of 16QAM signals as an example, the specific framework preamble and the fast synchronization recovery algorithm of a all-digital burst transmission based on the preamble is presented. Simulation results show that good acquisition performances can be achieved when the symbol number of the preamble is lager than sixteen. Finally, the all-digital receiver techniques are studied, the FIR filter is design
ed with FPGA devices. Experimental results indicate that the filter is suitable for the burst mode transmission of the upstream channel of the HFC networks.
引文
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2 张力军，张宗橙，郑宝玉．数字通信．第三版．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
3 沈振元，聂志泉，赵雪荷．通信系统原理．第三版．陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
4 孙立新，刑宁霞．CDMA(码分多址)移动通信技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，1996
5 韦乐平．光同步数字传输网．北京：人民邮电出版社，1993
6 王立宁，乐光新，詹菲．MATLAB与通信仿真．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000
7 马秀莲，李廷芳，吕淑香编译．数字通信差错控制技术．中国铁道出版社，1991
8 J.G.Proakis. Digital communication.第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
9 张文生，周强等译．有线电视宽带HFC接入网回传系统．第一版．中国广播电视出版社，1999
10 陈尚勤，李晓峰．快速自适应信息处理．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1993
11 王新梅．纠错码与差错控制．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1989
12 黄吴明．有线电视技术．第一版．北京：北京广播学院出版社，1992
13 王念旭．DSP基础与应用系统设计．第一版．北京：北京航空航天大学，2001
14 Simon Haykin. Adaptive Filter Theory.Third Edition.第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
15 Stephen G.Wilson. Digital Modulation and Coding.第一版．电子工业出版社，1998
16 Uwe Meyer-Baese.数字信号处理的FPGA实现．第一版一匕京：清华大学出版社，2003
17 SP-RFI-104-98072.Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications. Radio Frequency Interface Specification. MCNS, 1998
18 ETS 300 800.Digital Video Broadcasting; Interaction Channel for Cable TV Distribution Systems (CATV). European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI, 1998
19 郭金生．双向HFC网上行通道的噪声与干扰．电视技术．1999(5)：39-41
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21 蔡文杰，苏祥芳，王延平．光纤同轴电缆混合网技术．武汉大学学报．2000．46(5)：617-620
22 王胜坤等．HFC网络上行信道的噪声及干扰．中国有线电视．1998(7)
23 窦剑，吴庚生．基于HFC网的宽带业务接入及其解决方案．电视技术．2000(9)：17-21
24 杨东生，张金艺，林如俭．码分多址在HFC网中的应用．电视技术．2000(11)：22-24
25 赵问道，宋耀光，姚庆栋．同轴电缆网络上行信道噪声漏斗效应及其对调制技术的影响分析．浙江大学学报．1999．33(5)：535-539
26 景新幸，周萍，段晓雪．HFC上行信道的QPSK信号窄带干扰抑制．电视技术．2001(9)：44-47
27 罗钦骑，容太平，黄铁侠．有线电视光纤同轴混合网上行通道噪声特性．华中理工大学学报．1997(10)：83-86
28 郑大春，项海格．一种全数字化载波频偏估计器算法．电子学报．1999(1)：78-80
29 樊平毅，冯重熙．全数字接收机中一种载波相位恢复的新方法．通信学报．1992(11)：30-37
30 黄葆华．数字系统中的内插技术．通信工程学院学报．1999(6)：77-80
31 王育红，薛筱明，樊昌信．一种全数字定时同步方法的改进．西安电子科技大学学报．1999(2)：115-117
32 樊平毅，冯重熙，全数字接收机中插值滤波器的设计——全响应线性调制信号的插值问题．1997(3)：217-223
33 樊平毅，冯重熙．全数字接收机中插值滤波器的优化设计．电子学报．1996(10)123-128
34 郑大春．项海格．一种全数字QAM接收机符号定时和载波相位恢复方案．通信学报．1998(7)83-88
35 陈寅健，李荔，杨根庆．一种用于突发通信的全数字解调器设计．无线通信技术．2000(3)32-36
36 吕军．全数字接收机中快速无抖动定时提取算法．信息工程大学学报．2000(9)：44-46
37 杨焱，王永德．全数字接收机插值定时方法探讨．四川大学学报．1998(4)：204-209
38 Charles A Eldering,Nageen Himayat,and Floyd M. Gardner. CATV Return Path Characterization for Reliable Communications. IEEE Commun. Mag. 1995(8):62-69
39 Wang hengzhe.Building of Hybrid Fiber Coaxial.Technology of Telecommunication. 1998(10): 14-15
40 Yvo L.C. de Jong,Robert P.C. Wolter et. A CDMA Based Bi-directional Communication System for Hybrid Fiber-Coax CATV Network.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING.vol.43.No.2 June, 1997
41 Hsu,F.M.and Giordano,A.A.,Digital Whitening Techniques for Improving Spread Spectrum Communication Performance in the Presence of Narrow band Jamming and Interference.IEEE Trans.Communication,vol COM-26 1978,pp209-216
42 Gang u,K.Mukumoto and A.Fukuda. Analysis of an integrated voice and data transmission system using packet reservation multiple access.IEEE Trans.Vel.Technol.,Vol.43.No.2,pp289-297,May 1994
43 Suming Ju and Guangguo Bi.Method for eliminating narrowband shortwave interference in upsteam channel of HFC.ELECTRONICS LETTERS.Vol.34.No.9,pp852-853,30th April 1998
44 Viter Andrew J. CDMA:Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication. The Peoples Post & Telecommunication Publishing, 1995
45 Perkins Stephen,Gatherer Alan. Two-way Broadband CATV-HFC Networks:State-of-the-art and Future Trends.ComputerNetworks, 1999,31(4)
46 Blahut R E. Theory and Practice of Error Control codes.Addison-Wesley,1983
47 Schaner P T. Two-Way Cable Television System Characterization.Philadelphia, SPIE Proc.,1995,2609:94-104
48 Wen-Rong Wu and Fu-Fuang Yu. New Nonlinear Algorithms for Estimating and Suppressing Narrowband Interference in DS Spread Spectrum System.IEEE Transactions on Communications Vol.44.No.4,April. 1996,pp508-515
49 Wolters R P C. Characteristics of Upsteam Channel Noise in CATV-networks [J].IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1996:328-332
50 M. R. Soleymani and H. Girard,The effect of the frequency offset on the probability of miss in a packet modem using CFAR detection method. IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-40, No. 7, pp.1205-1211, July 1992
51 E. Brigant and A. Mammela, Adaptive threshold control scheme for packet acquisition, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-46, No. 12, pp.1580-1582, Dec. 1998
52 F. Gini and G. B. Giannakis, Frequency offset and symbol timing recovery in fiat-fading channels: a cyclostationary approach, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-46, No. 3, pp.400-411, March 1998
53 K.E. Scott and E. B. Olasz, Simultaneous clock phase and frequency offset estimation, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-43, No. 7, pp.2263-2269, July 1995
54 S. Kay, A fast and accurate single frequency estimator, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-37, No. 12, pp.1987-1990, Dec. 1989
55 U. Mengali and M. Morelli, Data-aided frequency estimation for burst digital transmission, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-45, No. 1, pp.23-25, Jan. 1997
56 P. Y. Kam, Maximum likelihood carrier phase recovery for linear suppressed-carrier digital data modulations, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-34, No. 6, pp.522-527, June 1986
57 E. A. Lee and D. G. Messerschmitt, Digital Communication, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988, pp.249-278
58 Jianxin Wang and Joachim Speidel,Packet Acquisition in Upsteram Transmission of the DOCSIS Standard, Transactions on Broadcasting. Vol. COM-49, No. 1, pp.26-31,Mar 2003.
59 Combs D.,Hybrid Fiber Coax Network Architecture,SPEI, 1996,2917:6-12
60 Cable Television Laboratories ,Inc.,Data-over-cable Service Interface Specifications: Radio Frequency Interface Specification,SP-RFI.V1.1-I01-990311,1999
61 Chang L.F.,Peformance of a TDMA portable radio system using a cyclic block code for burst synchronization and error detection. IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-41, No. 1, pp.22-31, June 1993
62 L.E.Franks, Carrier and bit synchronization in data communication—a tutorial, IEEE, Trans., Com,Vol.28, No.8, pp1107-1121, Aug.1980.
63 A.J.Viterbi, A.M.Viterbi, Nonlinear estimation of PSK modulated carrier phase with application to Burst digital transmission. IEEE Trans. Information Theory, Vol.IT-29, No.4, pp543-551, JUL. 1983.
64 P.Y.Kam, Maximum likelihood carrier phase recovery for linear suppressed-carrier digital data modulations, IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol. 34, No. 6, pp522-527, Jun. 1986.
65 M.Oerder, H.Meyr, Digital filter and square timing recovery. IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol.36, No.5, pp605-612, MAY. 1988
66 G.Ascheid , M.Oerder, H.Meyr, An All Digital Receiver Architecture for Bandwidth Efficient Transmission at High Data Rates, IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol.37, No.8, pp804-813, Aug. 1998
67 F.M.Gardner, Interpolation in digital modems—part Ⅰ: Fundaments, IEEE Trans. Com., Vol.41, No.3, pp501-507, Mar. 1993
68 L.Erup, F.M.Garder, R.A.Harris, Interpolation in digital modems—part Ⅱ: implementation and performance, IEEE Trans. Com., Vol.41, No.6, pp9998-1008, Jun. 1993
69 B.Daneshrad, H.Samueli, A 1.6 Mbps digital QAM system for DSL transmission. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, Vol.13, No.9, pp1600-1610, DEC. 1995
70 R.D.Gaudenzi, M.Luise, Analysis and design of an all digital demodulator for Trellis coded 16 QAM transmission over a nonliear satellite channel. IEEE Trans. Comm., No.2/3/4, pp 659-668, FEB/MAR/APR. 1995
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2 张力军，张宗橙，郑宝玉．数字通信．第三版．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
3 沈振元，聂志泉，赵雪荷．通信系统原理．第三版．陕西：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
4 孙立新，刑宁霞．CDMA(码分多址)移动通信技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，1996
5 韦乐平．光同步数字传输网．北京：人民邮电出版社，1993
6 王立宁，乐光新，詹菲．MATLAB与通信仿真．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，2000
7 马秀莲，李廷芳，吕淑香编译．数字通信差错控制技术．中国铁道出版社，1991
8 J.G.Proakis. Digital communication.第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
9 张文生，周强等译．有线电视宽带HFC接入网回传系统．第一版．中国广播电视出版社，1999
10 陈尚勤，李晓峰．快速自适应信息处理．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1993
11 王新梅．纠错码与差错控制．第一版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1989
12 黄吴明．有线电视技术．第一版．北京：北京广播学院出版社，1992
13 王念旭．DSP基础与应用系统设计．第一版．北京：北京航空航天大学，2001
14 Simon Haykin. Adaptive Filter Theory.Third Edition.第一版．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
15 Stephen G.Wilson. Digital Modulation and Coding.第一版．电子工业出版社，1998
16 Uwe Meyer-Baese.数字信号处理的FPGA实现．第一版一匕京：清华大学出版社，2003
17 SP-RFI-104-98072.Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications. Radio Frequency Interface Specification. MCNS, 1998
18 ETS 300 800.Digital Video Broadcasting; Interaction Channel for Cable TV Distribution Systems (CATV). European Telecommunications Standards Institute. ETSI, 1998
19 郭金生．双向HFC网上行通道的噪声与干扰．电视技术．1999(5)：39-41
20 韦乐平．通向宽带通信的新途径—HFC网．电信科学．1996．12(5)：3-8
21 蔡文杰，苏祥芳，王延平．光纤同轴电缆混合网技术．武汉大学学报．2000．46(5)：617-620
22 王胜坤等．HFC网络上行信道的噪声及干扰．中国有线电视．1998(7)
23 窦剑，吴庚生．基于HFC网的宽带业务接入及其解决方案．电视技术．2000(9)：17-21
24 杨东生，张金艺，林如俭．码分多址在HFC网中的应用．电视技术．2000(11)：22-24
25 赵问道，宋耀光，姚庆栋．同轴电缆网络上行信道噪声漏斗效应及其对调制技术的影响分析．浙江大学学报．1999．33(5)：535-539
26 景新幸，周萍，段晓雪．HFC上行信道的QPSK信号窄带干扰抑制．电视技术．2001(9)：44-47
27 罗钦骑，容太平，黄铁侠．有线电视光纤同轴混合网上行通道噪声特性．华中理工大学学报．1997(10)：83-86
28 郑大春，项海格．一种全数字化载波频偏估计器算法．电子学报．1999(1)：78-80
29 樊平毅，冯重熙．全数字接收机中一种载波相位恢复的新方法．通信学报．1992(11)：30-37
30 黄葆华．数字系统中的内插技术．通信工程学院学报．1999(6)：77-80
31 王育红，薛筱明，樊昌信．一种全数字定时同步方法的改进．西安电子科技大学学报．1999(2)：115-117
32 樊平毅，冯重熙，全数字接收机中插值滤波器的设计——全响应线性调制信号的插值问题．1997(3)：217-223
33 樊平毅，冯重熙．全数字接收机中插值滤波器的优化设计．电子学报．1996(10)123-128
34 郑大春．项海格．一种全数字QAM接收机符号定时和载波相位恢复方案．通信学报．1998(7)83-88
35 陈寅健，李荔，杨根庆．一种用于突发通信的全数字解调器设计．无线通信技术．2000(3)32-36
36 吕军．全数字接收机中快速无抖动定时提取算法．信息工程大学学报．2000(9)：44-46
37 杨焱，王永德．全数字接收机插值定时方法探讨．四川大学学报．1998(4)：204-209
38 Charles A Eldering,Nageen Himayat,and Floyd M. Gardner. CATV Return Path Characterization for Reliable Communications. IEEE Commun. Mag. 1995(8):62-69
39 Wang hengzhe.Building of Hybrid Fiber Coaxial.Technology of Telecommunication. 1998(10): 14-15
40 Yvo L.C. de Jong,Robert P.C. Wolter et. A CDMA Based Bi-directional Communication System for Hybrid Fiber-Coax CATV Network.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING.vol.43.No.2 June, 1997
41 Hsu,F.M.and Giordano,A.A.,Digital Whitening Techniques for Improving Spread Spectrum Communication Performance in the Presence of Narrow band Jamming and Interference.IEEE Trans.Communication,vol COM-26 1978,pp209-216
42 Gang u,K.Mukumoto and A.Fukuda. Analysis of an integrated voice and data transmission system using packet reservation multiple access.IEEE Trans.Vel.Technol.,Vol.43.No.2,pp289-297,May 1994
43 Suming Ju and Guangguo Bi.Method for eliminating narrowband shortwave interference in upsteam channel of HFC.ELECTRONICS LETTERS.Vol.34.No.9,pp852-853,30th April 1998
44 Viter Andrew J. CDMA:Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication. The Peoples Post & Telecommunication Publishing, 1995
45 Perkins Stephen,Gatherer Alan. Two-way Broadband CATV-HFC Networks:State-of-the-art and Future Trends.ComputerNetworks, 1999,31(4)
46 Blahut R E. Theory and Practice of Error Control codes.Addison-Wesley,1983
47 Schaner P T. Two-Way Cable Television System Characterization.Philadelphia, SPIE Proc.,1995,2609:94-104
48 Wen-Rong Wu and Fu-Fuang Yu. New Nonlinear Algorithms for Estimating and Suppressing Narrowband Interference in DS Spread Spectrum System.IEEE Transactions on Communications Vol.44.No.4,April. 1996,pp508-515
49 Wolters R P C. Characteristics of Upsteam Channel Noise in CATV-networks [J].IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 1996:328-332
50 M. R. Soleymani and H. Girard,The effect of the frequency offset on the probability of miss in a packet modem using CFAR detection method. IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-40, No. 7, pp.1205-1211, July 1992
51 E. Brigant and A. Mammela, Adaptive threshold control scheme for packet acquisition, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-46, No. 12, pp.1580-1582, Dec. 1998
52 F. Gini and G. B. Giannakis, Frequency offset and symbol timing recovery in fiat-fading channels: a cyclostationary approach, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-46, No. 3, pp.400-411, March 1998
53 K.E. Scott and E. B. Olasz, Simultaneous clock phase and frequency offset estimation, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-43, No. 7, pp.2263-2269, July 1995
54 S. Kay, A fast and accurate single frequency estimator, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-37, No. 12, pp.1987-1990, Dec. 1989
55 U. Mengali and M. Morelli, Data-aided frequency estimation for burst digital transmission, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-45, No. 1, pp.23-25, Jan. 1997
56 P. Y. Kam, Maximum likelihood carrier phase recovery for linear suppressed-carrier digital data modulations, IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-34, No. 6, pp.522-527, June 1986
57 E. A. Lee and D. G. Messerschmitt, Digital Communication, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988, pp.249-278
58 Jianxin Wang and Joachim Speidel,Packet Acquisition in Upsteram Transmission of the DOCSIS Standard, Transactions on Broadcasting. Vol. COM-49, No. 1, pp.26-31,Mar 2003.
59 Combs D.,Hybrid Fiber Coax Network Architecture,SPEI, 1996,2917:6-12
60 Cable Television Laboratories ,Inc.,Data-over-cable Service Interface Specifications: Radio Frequency Interface Specification,SP-RFI.V1.1-I01-990311,1999
61 Chang L.F.,Peformance of a TDMA portable radio system using a cyclic block code for burst synchronization and error detection. IEEE Trans. Commun. Vol. COM-41, No. 1, pp.22-31, June 1993
62 L.E.Franks, Carrier and bit synchronization in data communication—a tutorial, IEEE, Trans., Com,Vol.28, No.8, pp1107-1121, Aug.1980.
63 A.J.Viterbi, A.M.Viterbi, Nonlinear estimation of PSK modulated carrier phase with application to Burst digital transmission. IEEE Trans. Information Theory, Vol.IT-29, No.4, pp543-551, JUL. 1983.
64 P.Y.Kam, Maximum likelihood carrier phase recovery for linear suppressed-carrier digital data modulations, IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol. 34, No. 6, pp522-527, Jun. 1986.
65 M.Oerder, H.Meyr, Digital filter and square timing recovery. IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol.36, No.5, pp605-612, MAY. 1988
66 G.Ascheid , M.Oerder, H.Meyr, An All Digital Receiver Architecture for Bandwidth Efficient Transmission at High Data Rates, IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol.37, No.8, pp804-813, Aug. 1998
67 F.M.Gardner, Interpolation in digital modems—part Ⅰ: Fundaments, IEEE Trans. Com., Vol.41, No.3, pp501-507, Mar. 1993
68 L.Erup, F.M.Garder, R.A.Harris, Interpolation in digital modems—part Ⅱ: implementation and performance, IEEE Trans. Com., Vol.41, No.6, pp9998-1008, Jun. 1993
69 B.Daneshrad, H.Samueli, A 1.6 Mbps digital QAM system for DSL transmission. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, Vol.13, No.9, pp1600-1610, DEC. 1995
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