OSPFv3协议测试技术研究与测试集定义
摘要
支持IPv6的网络产品日渐增加，网络设备协议实现与协议标准是否能够保持一致已经成为各设备互联、互操作的关键。为此，需要对网络协议实现进行多种测试，以保证协议实现与协议标准的一致和能够实现不同厂家产品间的互联互通。
本文反映的研究工作的背景是四川省网络通信重点实验室的路由器多端口并发测试技术研究和系统的开发。开发中的路由器的多端口并发测试系统是具有上、下两级结构的分布式测试系统。上级系统处理系统配置、多端口间测试控制数据的指派、测试过程的管理和协调控制；下级为多个单端口或双端口测试系统。笔者的工作在于以OSPFv3协议为对象，研究双端口和多端口测试系统中的测试控制数据的规划、定义和描述。
针对于OSPF协议的特点，笔者的工作之一是对OSPF测试数据进行规划，将它划分为一致性测试、互操作测试和性能测试3个测试集(Test Suite)。一致性测试集是本文讨论的重点，笔者进一步将该测试集划分为：Hello协议测试、邻居关系测试、链路状态数据库测试和路由计算测试组(Test Group)。根据测试的需要，在测试组内还进一步划分了测试子组(Test Subgroup)和具有明确测试目的的基本测试单元——测试例(Test Case)。笔者对OSPF测试控制数据的描述采用了半形式化的TTCN-3描述语言。
测试例的描述是协议测试准备工作中工作量大而繁琐，但又是十分重要的工作，例如：笔者已经完成的一致性测试例的数目已接近100个。为了对TTCN-3描述提供一个感性认识，4.2和5.3节分别列出了一个双端口测试和并发多端口测试系统的测试例的部分描述。通过OSPF测试例的描述实践，笔者发现TTCN-3仍然不能适应并发测试控制数据描述的需要。因此，除了对TTCN-3进行了扩展外，相关的需求已经在定义CMPTDL语言中加以了考虑。
With increase in IPv6-based products, it is becoming more and more important to decide whether or not an implementation conforms to relevant protocol so as to ensure interoperability between implementation of the same protocol.
The background of the work presented in the dissertation is the activity in research and system development pertainent to Concurrent Multi-Port Test (CMPT) at Sichuan Network Communication Key Laboratory (SC Netcom Lab). The distributed CMPT system under development at SC-Netcom Lab takes a two-layer architecture; where the upper layer is responsible for system configuration, test assignment, test process coordination and management, while the lower layer handles two-port test control issues. In this dissertation, an emphasis has been given to test definition issues with regard to the routing protocol - OSPF.
For different test purposes, three OSPF test-suites have been defined for conformance test, performance test, and interoperability test respectively. In the author' s work, conformance test suite is comparatively complete and represented by four test groups: "hello" , "neighbor discovery" , " link state database", and "routing calculation" . A test group consists of a number of test cases, which may in turn be grouped into sub-groups depending on test purposes and functional distinctions.
Test case specification is very important in test preparation, yet involves large amount of tedious work. For example, the number of test cases in OSPF conformance test-suite so far defined by the author has reached nearly one hundred. In the author' s work, test cases are specified in a semi-formal test specification language called the TTCN-3. The experience gained in specification of test suite of OSPF, the inadequacy of TTCN-3 in handling concurrent multi-port testing has been experienced and resulted in an enhancement to TTCN-3 in definition of the Concurrent Multi-port Test Definition Language (CMP-TDL).
本文反映的研究工作的背景是四川省网络通信重点实验室的路由器多端口并发测试技术研究和系统的开发。开发中的路由器的多端口并发测试系统是具有上、下两级结构的分布式测试系统。上级系统处理系统配置、多端口间测试控制数据的指派、测试过程的管理和协调控制；下级为多个单端口或双端口测试系统。笔者的工作在于以OSPFv3协议为对象，研究双端口和多端口测试系统中的测试控制数据的规划、定义和描述。
针对于OSPF协议的特点，笔者的工作之一是对OSPF测试数据进行规划，将它划分为一致性测试、互操作测试和性能测试3个测试集(Test Suite)。一致性测试集是本文讨论的重点，笔者进一步将该测试集划分为：Hello协议测试、邻居关系测试、链路状态数据库测试和路由计算测试组(Test Group)。根据测试的需要，在测试组内还进一步划分了测试子组(Test Subgroup)和具有明确测试目的的基本测试单元——测试例(Test Case)。笔者对OSPF测试控制数据的描述采用了半形式化的TTCN-3描述语言。
测试例的描述是协议测试准备工作中工作量大而繁琐，但又是十分重要的工作，例如：笔者已经完成的一致性测试例的数目已接近100个。为了对TTCN-3描述提供一个感性认识，4.2和5.3节分别列出了一个双端口测试和并发多端口测试系统的测试例的部分描述。通过OSPF测试例的描述实践，笔者发现TTCN-3仍然不能适应并发测试控制数据描述的需要。因此，除了对TTCN-3进行了扩展外，相关的需求已经在定义CMPTDL语言中加以了考虑。
With increase in IPv6-based products, it is becoming more and more important to decide whether or not an implementation conforms to relevant protocol so as to ensure interoperability between implementation of the same protocol.
The background of the work presented in the dissertation is the activity in research and system development pertainent to Concurrent Multi-Port Test (CMPT) at Sichuan Network Communication Key Laboratory (SC Netcom Lab). The distributed CMPT system under development at SC-Netcom Lab takes a two-layer architecture; where the upper layer is responsible for system configuration, test assignment, test process coordination and management, while the lower layer handles two-port test control issues. In this dissertation, an emphasis has been given to test definition issues with regard to the routing protocol - OSPF.
For different test purposes, three OSPF test-suites have been defined for conformance test, performance test, and interoperability test respectively. In the author' s work, conformance test suite is comparatively complete and represented by four test groups: "hello" , "neighbor discovery" , " link state database", and "routing calculation" . A test group consists of a number of test cases, which may in turn be grouped into sub-groups depending on test purposes and functional distinctions.
Test case specification is very important in test preparation, yet involves large amount of tedious work. For example, the number of test cases in OSPF conformance test-suite so far defined by the author has reached nearly one hundred. In the author' s work, test cases are specified in a semi-formal test specification language called the TTCN-3. The experience gained in specification of test suite of OSPF, the inadequacy of TTCN-3 in handling concurrent multi-port testing has been experienced and resulted in an enhancement to TTCN-3 in definition of the Concurrent Multi-port Test Definition Language (CMP-TDL).
引文
[1] ISO/IEC 9646—1: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-Partl :General concepts.
[2] ISO/IEC 9646—2: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-Part2: Abstract Test Suite specification.
[3] ISO/IEC 9646—6: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-Part6:Protocol Profile Test Specification.
[4] ISO/IEC 9646—7: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-PartT:Implementation Conformance Statements.
[5] ISO/IEC 9646—3: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-Part3:The Tree and Tabular Combined Notation.
[6] 曾华粲编著。现代网络通信技术。西南交通大学出版社。2004．1．
[7] H.X. Zeng, " Gateway testing techniques" ,PhD thesid of University of London, 1985.
[8] http://homepage.virgin.net/bill.mitch/Papers/Conc_Tests.html
[9] http://nrdc.ict.ac.cn/IPv6protogroup
[10] RFC2740: OSPFfor IPv6
[11] RFC2328: OSPF Version 2
[12] http://www.ixiacom.com/white_papers/pdfs/ospf.pdf
[13] http://www.ixiacom.com/test_plans/pdfs/ospf.pdf
[14] http://www.spirentcom.com/documents/1012.pdf
[15] ftp://public.iol.unh.edu/pub/routing/testsuites/OSPF_Interop_v1.2.pdf
[16] 杨建华，王俊峰，谢高岗．OSPFv3协议一致性测试系统设计与实现．
计算机应用．2003，Vol．23，No．7．
[17] 张宏科，张思东等．路由器原理与技术．国防工业出版社．2003．1．
[18] 王乐春，龚正虎，白建军，夏建东等编著．高端路由器测试技术．人民邮电出版社．2002．12．
[19] http://www.positivecn.com/Tech/technic/RouterQC.htm
[20] Zhen Ru Dai, Jens Grabowski, Helmut Neukirchen "TIMED TTCN-3— A REAL-TIME EXTENSION FOR TTCN-3*"
[21] I. Schieferdecker, B.Stepien, A.Rennoch "PerfTTCN,a TTCN language extension for performance testing,"
[22] Huaxin Zeng, xun zhou, and Bo song, "On Testing of IP Routers ", The Fourth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT'03) 27-29 August 2003
[23] ETSI Standard "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3"
[24] Roosevelt Giles著，韩存兵等译．CCIE 2.0学习指南．机械工业出版社，2002．1．
[25] Huaxin Zeng and Dave Rayner, "Gateway Testing Technique", in: "Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification", Ⅳ edited By Y. Yemini, and etc., North-holland Publishers, 1984, pp. 637-656.
[26] 白建军，卢泽新编著．路由器原理与设计．人民邮电出版社．2002．7．
[27] Faraz Shamim等著，卢泽新等译．IP路由协议疑难解析．人民邮电出版社，2004．1．
[28] 谢希仁．计算机网络(第二版)．电子工业出版社．1999
[29] 古天龙，蔡国永著．网络协议的形式化分析与设计．电子工业出版社．2003．6．
[30] RFCll31.. OSPF Specification
[31] Draft ETSI ES 201 873 1-7,Method for Testing and Specification-The Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3(TTCN-3),Partl-7,March,2003.
[32] RFC1247: OSPFVersion 2
[33] H.X.Zeng and D.Rayner, " Gateway Testing Techniques" in: Yemini, Y. (ed.),Protocol specification, Testing, and, and Verification, Ⅳ, pp.637-650,North-holland,1985.
[34] H.X.Zeng et at, Turn a Test System into a Portable Tester, in: 5th IFIP International Workshop on Protocol Test Systems(IWPTS), Sep.1992,Montreal,Canada.
[35] George C．Sackett著．李志，李如豹等译．CiSCO路由器手册(第二版)．机械工业出版社．2002．1．
[36] Paul Cernick著．张晋平，庞杨，胡朝晖等译．CiSCO IP路由手册．电子工业出版社．2001．4．
[37] www.blrc.edu.cn/Chinese/research/project_description.htm
[38] John T．Moy著．胡光明，皮学贤，李铭译．OSPF协议剖析．中国电力出版社．2002．7．
[39] 刘霞，钱向红．新一代测试描述语言TTCN-3的研究与应用．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：168～171
[40] 李秀峰，张海薇，杨洋．IPv6协议测试技术的探讨．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：29～32
[41] 袁琦．基于IPv6的OSPF路由协议技术规范．电信工程技术和标准化．2004年01期．
[42] 李胜磊，张德运，刘刚．OSPF性能的黑盒测试方法．计算机工程．2003年19期．
[43] 邵兵，李越鹏，赵保华．OSPF协议性能测试的研究和实践．计算机应用．2003年10期。
[44] 李中杰，尹霞，吴建平． Use of Global Behavior Tree for Conformance Testing of OSPF Protocol LSDB Synchronization. Tsinghua Science and Technology.2004年01期．
[45] 贾佳，张思东，张宏科．OSPFv3动态路由协议及其实现．现代电信科技．2003年08期．
[46] 宋波，岳丽全，骆吴．多端口路由器测试技术研究．计算机科学，2004．8．
[47] RFC2544: Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices.2000.9.
[48] http://www.ngnlab.org/ngntechpapplug.doc
[49] RFC1245: OSPF Protocol Analysis
[50] http://moonv6.sr.unh.edu/project/converg.pdf
[51] http://www.usipv6.com/2003arlington/presents/Dean_Lee.pdf
[52] Chris Brenton, Andrew Hamilton, Gary Kessler著．Cisco路由器从入门到精通．电子工业出版社．2000．9．
[53] 宋波，李秀峰，蒋曹哲．SYN—TTCN-3对TTCN-3的同步扩展．西南交通大学学报．2005．1．
[54] D.R.Avresky. "Formal verification and testing of protocol".Computer Communication 22.1999.p681～690.
[55] 张玉军，田军等．IPv6中Neigbor Discovery协议及其测试．计算机工程与应用，2002，No．7：p177～180
[2] ISO/IEC 9646—2: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-Part2: Abstract Test Suite specification.
[3] ISO/IEC 9646—6: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-Part6:Protocol Profile Test Specification.
[4] ISO/IEC 9646—7: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-PartT:Implementation Conformance Statements.
[5] ISO/IEC 9646—3: Informantion technology-Open Systems Interconnection-Conformance testing methodology and framework-Part3:The Tree and Tabular Combined Notation.
[6] 曾华粲编著。现代网络通信技术。西南交通大学出版社。2004．1．
[7] H.X. Zeng, " Gateway testing techniques" ,PhD thesid of University of London, 1985.
[8] http://homepage.virgin.net/bill.mitch/Papers/Conc_Tests.html
[9] http://nrdc.ict.ac.cn/IPv6protogroup
[10] RFC2740: OSPFfor IPv6
[11] RFC2328: OSPF Version 2
[12] http://www.ixiacom.com/white_papers/pdfs/ospf.pdf
[13] http://www.ixiacom.com/test_plans/pdfs/ospf.pdf
[14] http://www.spirentcom.com/documents/1012.pdf
[15] ftp://public.iol.unh.edu/pub/routing/testsuites/OSPF_Interop_v1.2.pdf
[16] 杨建华，王俊峰，谢高岗．OSPFv3协议一致性测试系统设计与实现．
计算机应用．2003，Vol．23，No．7．
[17] 张宏科，张思东等．路由器原理与技术．国防工业出版社．2003．1．
[18] 王乐春，龚正虎，白建军，夏建东等编著．高端路由器测试技术．人民邮电出版社．2002．12．
[19] http://www.positivecn.com/Tech/technic/RouterQC.htm
[20] Zhen Ru Dai, Jens Grabowski, Helmut Neukirchen "TIMED TTCN-3— A REAL-TIME EXTENSION FOR TTCN-3*"
[21] I. Schieferdecker, B.Stepien, A.Rennoch "PerfTTCN,a TTCN language extension for performance testing,"
[22] Huaxin Zeng, xun zhou, and Bo song, "On Testing of IP Routers ", The Fourth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT'03) 27-29 August 2003
[23] ETSI Standard "Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS);The Testing and Test Control Notation version 3"
[24] Roosevelt Giles著，韩存兵等译．CCIE 2.0学习指南．机械工业出版社，2002．1．
[25] Huaxin Zeng and Dave Rayner, "Gateway Testing Technique", in: "Protocol Specification, Testing, and Verification", Ⅳ edited By Y. Yemini, and etc., North-holland Publishers, 1984, pp. 637-656.
[26] 白建军，卢泽新编著．路由器原理与设计．人民邮电出版社．2002．7．
[27] Faraz Shamim等著，卢泽新等译．IP路由协议疑难解析．人民邮电出版社，2004．1．
[28] 谢希仁．计算机网络(第二版)．电子工业出版社．1999
[29] 古天龙，蔡国永著．网络协议的形式化分析与设计．电子工业出版社．2003．6．
[30] RFCll31.. OSPF Specification
[31] Draft ETSI ES 201 873 1-7,Method for Testing and Specification-The Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3(TTCN-3),Partl-7,March,2003.
[32] RFC1247: OSPFVersion 2
[33] H.X.Zeng and D.Rayner, " Gateway Testing Techniques" in: Yemini, Y. (ed.),Protocol specification, Testing, and, and Verification, Ⅳ, pp.637-650,North-holland,1985.
[34] H.X.Zeng et at, Turn a Test System into a Portable Tester, in: 5th IFIP International Workshop on Protocol Test Systems(IWPTS), Sep.1992,Montreal,Canada.
[35] George C．Sackett著．李志，李如豹等译．CiSCO路由器手册(第二版)．机械工业出版社．2002．1．
[36] Paul Cernick著．张晋平，庞杨，胡朝晖等译．CiSCO IP路由手册．电子工业出版社．2001．4．
[37] www.blrc.edu.cn/Chinese/research/project_description.htm
[38] John T．Moy著．胡光明，皮学贤，李铭译．OSPF协议剖析．中国电力出版社．2002．7．
[39] 刘霞，钱向红．新一代测试描述语言TTCN-3的研究与应用．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：168～171
[40] 李秀峰，张海薇，杨洋．IPv6协议测试技术的探讨．计算机应用，2003，No．23(增刊)：29～32
[41] 袁琦．基于IPv6的OSPF路由协议技术规范．电信工程技术和标准化．2004年01期．
[42] 李胜磊，张德运，刘刚．OSPF性能的黑盒测试方法．计算机工程．2003年19期．
[43] 邵兵，李越鹏，赵保华．OSPF协议性能测试的研究和实践．计算机应用．2003年10期。
[44] 李中杰，尹霞，吴建平． Use of Global Behavior Tree for Conformance Testing of OSPF Protocol LSDB Synchronization. Tsinghua Science and Technology.2004年01期．
[45] 贾佳，张思东，张宏科．OSPFv3动态路由协议及其实现．现代电信科技．2003年08期．
[46] 宋波，岳丽全，骆吴．多端口路由器测试技术研究．计算机科学，2004．8．
[47] RFC2544: Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices.2000.9.
[48] http://www.ngnlab.org/ngntechpapplug.doc
[49] RFC1245: OSPF Protocol Analysis
[50] http://moonv6.sr.unh.edu/project/converg.pdf
[51] http://www.usipv6.com/2003arlington/presents/Dean_Lee.pdf
[52] Chris Brenton, Andrew Hamilton, Gary Kessler著．Cisco路由器从入门到精通．电子工业出版社．2000．9．
[53] 宋波，李秀峰，蒋曹哲．SYN—TTCN-3对TTCN-3的同步扩展．西南交通大学学报．2005．1．
[54] D.R.Avresky. "Formal verification and testing of protocol".Computer Communication 22.1999.p681～690.
[55] 张玉军，田军等．IPv6中Neigbor Discovery协议及其测试．计算机工程与应用，2002，No．7：p177～180
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