建筑工程施工招标投标工程量清单报价的理论与应用研究
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摘要
《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》GB50500-2003已经建设部批准为国家标准颁布实施，这是我国建立新的工程造价管理机制的一件大事。
随着改革的不断深化和社会主义市场经济体制的建立，原有一套工程造价管理体制已不能适应市场经济发展的需要，其改革已势在必行。工程量清单编制方法在实际施工招标投标中的运用，是实现计价改革目标最有效的方法。
目前，国内已有部分工程应用了工程量清单报价，全国统一的工程量计算规则也将出台，施工招标投标工程量编制方法的全面推行指日可待。但是，在现实工程实践中，绝大部门的建设项目仍采用传统的招标投标方法，且建设单位和施工单位均认为工程量清单报价不易操作、工作麻烦、很难使用等，究其原因，主要是不太了解工程量清单报价的基本理论和使用方法，对工程量清单的内容、询价、技术指标等很不适应，加之施工企业长期没有自己的企业定额，只依赖于现有的行业定额标准，使得技术经济分析和企业管理较为混乱，不适应新的工程造价改革形势，因此，推行施工招标投标工程量清单报价就有很大的困难。本项目旨对工程量清单进行理论分析，研究其内容的科学性和合理性，并通过对工程量清单计价具体应用的研究，提出相应的使用技巧、方法和规划，为全面推行工程量清单报价和规范化管理提供依据。
本项目将有助于工程发承包双方以及从事工程造价管理和咨询工作的专业人员，进一步加深对《建设工程量清单计价规范》的理解，掌握工程量清单招标投标和工程量清单计价的规定和要求，为在我国全面实行工程量清单计价，推动工程造价管理工作的发展做出积极的贡献。
The construction ministry ratifies to national standard issuing implementation ?construction engineering capacity detailed list valuate standard ?GB50500-2003 , and this is a great event that our country built new engineering cost management mechanism.
Original one set of engineering cost management system can not suit the needs of market economy development to establishment constantly deepening with the socialism market economy system along with reform , and his reformation is imperative . The engineering is measured the detailed list establishment method and is constructed the application inviting tenders in submitting a tender real, and is to realize the valuate reforming the method that the objective is the most effective .
At present , internally having had the part of engineering to have applied the engineering capacity detailed list quoted price , the unified engineering gauge of the whole nation is calculated the rule and also will be put into effect , and the construction is invited tenders , and the completely implementation of the capacity submitting a tender engineering establishment method is can be excpected soon . But, in the real engineering practice , the desperate greater part the construction item still uses traditionally to invite tenders the method submitted a tender, and his cause is studied carefully in unit of construction and construction unit all thinks engineering capacity detailed list quoted price is not easily operated and works the trouble and very hard use etc , chiefly is not too understanding engineering capacity the basic theory and the use method of detailed list quoted price , to the engineering capacity the content , inquiry and technology quota etc of detailed list very indispo
sedly answer , in addition the construction enterprise does not over a long period of time have the enterprise quota of self, the quota only relying on in now available the trade standard , makes that technology economy analysis and business management are comparatively confusion , indisposedly should newly the engineering cost reforms the situation , therefore , the implementation constructs invites tenders that the capacity submitting a tender the engineering detailed list quoted price has the very big difficulty . This item purport is carried on theory analysis to the engineering capacity detailed list, science and reasonable nature to study his content , and by way of research to the engineering capacity concrete application of detailed list valuate , putting forward corresponding use skill , method and planning , for the management provides the basis capacity carrying out engineering detailed list quoted price and standardizing completely .
This item will contribute to the engineering is contracted both sides as well as is engaged in the professional personnel that engineering cost management and consultation were worked , and deepening understanding to ?the construction engineering measure detailed list valuate standard ?further , the control engineering capacity detailed list is invited tenders to submit a tender and the engineering is measured the regulation of detailed list valuate and is asked , for the completely capacity carrying out the engineering detailed list valuate in our country , the promotion engineering cost manages work the development makes positive the contribution.
随着改革的不断深化和社会主义市场经济体制的建立，原有一套工程造价管理体制已不能适应市场经济发展的需要，其改革已势在必行。工程量清单编制方法在实际施工招标投标中的运用，是实现计价改革目标最有效的方法。
目前，国内已有部分工程应用了工程量清单报价，全国统一的工程量计算规则也将出台，施工招标投标工程量编制方法的全面推行指日可待。但是，在现实工程实践中，绝大部门的建设项目仍采用传统的招标投标方法，且建设单位和施工单位均认为工程量清单报价不易操作、工作麻烦、很难使用等，究其原因，主要是不太了解工程量清单报价的基本理论和使用方法，对工程量清单的内容、询价、技术指标等很不适应，加之施工企业长期没有自己的企业定额，只依赖于现有的行业定额标准，使得技术经济分析和企业管理较为混乱，不适应新的工程造价改革形势，因此，推行施工招标投标工程量清单报价就有很大的困难。本项目旨对工程量清单进行理论分析，研究其内容的科学性和合理性，并通过对工程量清单计价具体应用的研究，提出相应的使用技巧、方法和规划，为全面推行工程量清单报价和规范化管理提供依据。
本项目将有助于工程发承包双方以及从事工程造价管理和咨询工作的专业人员，进一步加深对《建设工程量清单计价规范》的理解，掌握工程量清单招标投标和工程量清单计价的规定和要求，为在我国全面实行工程量清单计价，推动工程造价管理工作的发展做出积极的贡献。
The construction ministry ratifies to national standard issuing implementation ?construction engineering capacity detailed list valuate standard ?GB50500-2003 , and this is a great event that our country built new engineering cost management mechanism.
Original one set of engineering cost management system can not suit the needs of market economy development to establishment constantly deepening with the socialism market economy system along with reform , and his reformation is imperative . The engineering is measured the detailed list establishment method and is constructed the application inviting tenders in submitting a tender real, and is to realize the valuate reforming the method that the objective is the most effective .
At present , internally having had the part of engineering to have applied the engineering capacity detailed list quoted price , the unified engineering gauge of the whole nation is calculated the rule and also will be put into effect , and the construction is invited tenders , and the completely implementation of the capacity submitting a tender engineering establishment method is can be excpected soon . But, in the real engineering practice , the desperate greater part the construction item still uses traditionally to invite tenders the method submitted a tender, and his cause is studied carefully in unit of construction and construction unit all thinks engineering capacity detailed list quoted price is not easily operated and works the trouble and very hard use etc , chiefly is not too understanding engineering capacity the basic theory and the use method of detailed list quoted price , to the engineering capacity the content , inquiry and technology quota etc of detailed list very indispo
sedly answer , in addition the construction enterprise does not over a long period of time have the enterprise quota of self, the quota only relying on in now available the trade standard , makes that technology economy analysis and business management are comparatively confusion , indisposedly should newly the engineering cost reforms the situation , therefore , the implementation constructs invites tenders that the capacity submitting a tender the engineering detailed list quoted price has the very big difficulty . This item purport is carried on theory analysis to the engineering capacity detailed list, science and reasonable nature to study his content , and by way of research to the engineering capacity concrete application of detailed list valuate , putting forward corresponding use skill , method and planning , for the management provides the basis capacity carrying out engineering detailed list quoted price and standardizing completely .
This item will contribute to the engineering is contracted both sides as well as is engaged in the professional personnel that engineering cost management and consultation were worked , and deepening understanding to ?the construction engineering measure detailed list valuate standard ?further , the control engineering capacity detailed list is invited tenders to submit a tender and the engineering is measured the regulation of detailed list valuate and is asked , for the completely capacity carrying out the engineering detailed list valuate in our country , the promotion engineering cost manages work the development makes positive the contribution.
引文
[1] 成虎．《工程经济学》[M]．南京：东南大学出版社，2002
[2] 成虎．《工程项目管理》(第二版)[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002
[3] GB50500—2003 《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》。
[4] 《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》宣贯辅导教材 中国计划出版社，2003
[5] 李希伦．《建设工程工程量清单计价编制实用手册》 中国计划出版社，2003
[6] 毛鹤琴等．《工程建设质量控制》[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[7] 张检身．《工程质量管理指南》[M]．北京：中国计划出版社，2001
[8] 顾慰慈等．《工程质量控制》[M]．北京：中国水利电力出版社，1993
[9] 刘帧平等．《工程建设监理概论》[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[10] Willam R. Duncan. A Guide to The Project Management Body of Knowelwdge. USA:Project Managment Institute 1996
[11] International Journal Project Management Ⅴ 17 N379 JUL 1996
[12] Steinberg, Body. Project Management. The New Emphasis at The Corps. Military Enginerr Ⅴ 82 N536 JUL 2000
[13] 范新顺 《对实行工程量清单计价模式的探讨》 山西建筑 2004年03期
[14] 马楠 《工程量清单模式下企业投标报价有关问题的研究》 建筑经济 2004年01期
[15] 王剑锋 《工程量清单项目单价的评审方法》 江苏建筑 2003年04期
[16] 张彤军 《工程量清单下的投标技巧》 河南科技 2004年01期
[17] 张英 《浅论工程量清单报价》 陕西工学院学报 2003年04期
[18] 李安民 《工程量清单报价的进一步研究》 建筑管理现代化 2003年04期
[19] 纪传印 《工程量清单计价规范对我国建筑市场的影响》 江苏煤炭 2003年04期
[20] 袁炜年 《工程量清单报价》 中国工程咨询 2003年11期
[21] 王长涛 《浅论工程投标报价的策略》 福建建设科技 1998年02期42-43
[22] 阎长俊 王绍华 《工程投标信息评价的嫡方法》 系统工程2001年19(5)82-85
[23] 肖维品 陈松吟 符宁强 《工程项目投标报价决策模型及其风险评估方法》 石家庄铁道学院学报 2000年13(4)13-16
[24] 周银河 《建筑经济与企业管理》 武汉大学出版社 2001 60-81
[25] 唐连珏 《工程造价的确定与控制》 中国建材工业出版社 2001
[26] 王帧显 《工程造价快速估算新方法及其应用》 中国建材工业出版社 2001
[27] 赵平 谢行皓 《工程项目投标报价专家系统的设计与实现》 西安建筑科技大学学报 1999
[28] 《河南省建筑和装饰工程综合基价》(2002)
[29] 张丽萍 《建筑工程计价基础》 中国计划出版社 2003 7
[30] 施全 《浅谈标价在投标中的地位及作用》 建筑市场与招标投标-探讨与研究 2000，3：29
[31] 尹贻林 《工程造价相关知识》 中国计划出版社 2000
[32] 崔蔚箐 《投标报价与评标定标》 工程经济-专业论坛 2000 5 33-34
[33] 马希堂 陈忠耀 《浅谈国外工程项目的投标》 施工企业管理-招标与投标 2000 8：26-27
[34] 王帧显 廖小建 杜晓玲 《工程造价快速估算新方法及其应用》 中国建筑工业出版社 1998：113-127
[35] 扬承晰 《建筑工程评标的排序问题》 中国运筹学会全国排序学术会议论文 1990
[36] Shi-yi Shen and Kai-tai Fang, Neural Computation on Nonlinear Regression Analysis Problems, Pro. 1999 Workshop in Applied Stst, Hong Kong Baptist College 1999,90-106. J. Math. and Stat. Sci, 3,2, December 1999,155-178
[37] J. J. Hopfield, neural Networks and Physical Systems with Emergemt Collective Computational Abilities, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, U.S.A. 79,1982,2554-2558
[38] Patrick. K.Simson, ArtificiaNeuralSystems-Foundations, Paradigms, Applic ations, and Implementations, Pergamon Press, 1999
[2] 成虎．《工程项目管理》(第二版)[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2002
[3] GB50500—2003 《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》。
[4] 《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》宣贯辅导教材 中国计划出版社，2003
[5] 李希伦．《建设工程工程量清单计价编制实用手册》 中国计划出版社，2003
[6] 毛鹤琴等．《工程建设质量控制》[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[7] 张检身．《工程质量管理指南》[M]．北京：中国计划出版社，2001
[8] 顾慰慈等．《工程质量控制》[M]．北京：中国水利电力出版社，1993
[9] 刘帧平等．《工程建设监理概论》[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[10] Willam R. Duncan. A Guide to The Project Management Body of Knowelwdge. USA:Project Managment Institute 1996
[11] International Journal Project Management Ⅴ 17 N379 JUL 1996
[12] Steinberg, Body. Project Management. The New Emphasis at The Corps. Military Enginerr Ⅴ 82 N536 JUL 2000
[13] 范新顺 《对实行工程量清单计价模式的探讨》 山西建筑 2004年03期
[14] 马楠 《工程量清单模式下企业投标报价有关问题的研究》 建筑经济 2004年01期
[15] 王剑锋 《工程量清单项目单价的评审方法》 江苏建筑 2003年04期
[16] 张彤军 《工程量清单下的投标技巧》 河南科技 2004年01期
[17] 张英 《浅论工程量清单报价》 陕西工学院学报 2003年04期
[18] 李安民 《工程量清单报价的进一步研究》 建筑管理现代化 2003年04期
[19] 纪传印 《工程量清单计价规范对我国建筑市场的影响》 江苏煤炭 2003年04期
[20] 袁炜年 《工程量清单报价》 中国工程咨询 2003年11期
[21] 王长涛 《浅论工程投标报价的策略》 福建建设科技 1998年02期42-43
[22] 阎长俊 王绍华 《工程投标信息评价的嫡方法》 系统工程2001年19(5)82-85
[23] 肖维品 陈松吟 符宁强 《工程项目投标报价决策模型及其风险评估方法》 石家庄铁道学院学报 2000年13(4)13-16
[24] 周银河 《建筑经济与企业管理》 武汉大学出版社 2001 60-81
[25] 唐连珏 《工程造价的确定与控制》 中国建材工业出版社 2001
[26] 王帧显 《工程造价快速估算新方法及其应用》 中国建材工业出版社 2001
[27] 赵平 谢行皓 《工程项目投标报价专家系统的设计与实现》 西安建筑科技大学学报 1999
[28] 《河南省建筑和装饰工程综合基价》(2002)
[29] 张丽萍 《建筑工程计价基础》 中国计划出版社 2003 7
[30] 施全 《浅谈标价在投标中的地位及作用》 建筑市场与招标投标-探讨与研究 2000，3：29
[31] 尹贻林 《工程造价相关知识》 中国计划出版社 2000
[32] 崔蔚箐 《投标报价与评标定标》 工程经济-专业论坛 2000 5 33-34
[33] 马希堂 陈忠耀 《浅谈国外工程项目的投标》 施工企业管理-招标与投标 2000 8：26-27
[34] 王帧显 廖小建 杜晓玲 《工程造价快速估算新方法及其应用》 中国建筑工业出版社 1998：113-127
[35] 扬承晰 《建筑工程评标的排序问题》 中国运筹学会全国排序学术会议论文 1990
[36] Shi-yi Shen and Kai-tai Fang, Neural Computation on Nonlinear Regression Analysis Problems, Pro. 1999 Workshop in Applied Stst, Hong Kong Baptist College 1999,90-106. J. Math. and Stat. Sci, 3,2, December 1999,155-178
[37] J. J. Hopfield, neural Networks and Physical Systems with Emergemt Collective Computational Abilities, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, U.S.A. 79,1982,2554-2558
[38] Patrick. K.Simson, ArtificiaNeuralSystems-Foundations, Paradigms, Applic ations, and Implementations, Pergamon Press, 1999
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