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太子参茎尖培养脱毒及增产效果的研究
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摘要
太子参(Pseudostellaria heterophylla)是福建省著名的地道药材,太子参花叶病已成为太子参高产、优质生产的主要问题。本研究以福建柘荣种根为材料,以茎尖为外植体进行组织培养脱毒试验,以期建立了一套集茎尖培养、病毒检测和组培苗移栽为一体的技术体系,为太子参高产、优质、规范化生产提供科学依据。研究取得以下的主要结果:
     1 在茎尖初代培养中,以茎尖组培苗的成苗率和株高于来比较,筛选出最适培养基为MS培养基,最佳激素配比为NAA0.5 mg/L+BA 0.5mg/L,最好的碳源质量及浓度为白砂糖30g/L,适当的暗培养时间为10天,以棉纤维为载体(MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.5mg/L)液体培养基适合太子参茎尖脱毒的初代培养基。
     2 在继代培养中,采用两种继代培养基MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+BA 0.5mg/L和MS+NAA 1.0mg/L+BA 0.5mg/L进行交叉继代培养,有利于茎尖苗的增殖,延长继代次数,说明交叉继代培养能促进植株保持旺盛的生命力,优于一种继代培养基MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+BA 0.5mg/L连续继代培养。
     3 在生根培养中,以试管苗生根率、每株根数、每株根长来比较,筛选出最好的激素浓度为IAA 1.0mg/L,最佳的基本培养基和激素配比为1/2MS+IBA 1.0mg/L+IAA 1.0mg/L,最适的碳源质量为白砂糖30g/L,适当的每日光照培养时间是间10h。
     4 在移栽试验中,以试管苗移栽成活率来比较,最适的基质种类为田园土:沙:草木灰1:2:0.5,最好的营养液为1/10MS。
     5 在病毒检测中,采用目测法和指示植物鉴定法检测病毒,初步认为茎尖苗不带病毒。
     6 在栽培试验中,茎尖苗以其生长率高、长势好、生育期长和植株高,优于种根苗、种子苗、茎段苗,茎尖苗单株产量明显高于其它三种组培苗。
     文章还对影响茎尖培养成苗的因素、茎尖培养的脱毒效果、产量增长及脱毒苗增产的生物学基础进行了讨论,最后对太子参离体培养的研究工作以及在生产上的推广应用工作提出自己的见解。
Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq) is a famous native herbal medicine in Fujian province, with its mosaic disease forming a major problem to its production for high yield and better quality. In this paper, in order to provide its production with a scientific foundation, a preliminary technology system including shoot tip culture, virus detection and virus-free seedling transplantation was established through applying tissue culture and virus-free technology on the shoot tips of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq) from Zherong county of Fujian province. The results were as follows:
    1. In the shoot tip culture, as for the plantlet formation ratio and average height of seedlings, a MS medium with a combination of 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA was selected for this experiment, with 30 g/L sucrose and 10 days of dark culture being considered best, moreover, A fiber carrier liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA was suitable for the culture of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.
    2. In the subculture, the cross culture means with two types of MS media, one of which was supplemented with 0. 5 mg/L NAA and 0. 5 mg/L BA, and the other 1.0 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA, was superior in prompting the growth and propagation of the plantlets to the continuous culture means using only one type of MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0. 5 mg/L BA.
    3. In rooting in vitro, as for the percentage of rooting, numbers and length of rooting of per plant, a 1/2 MS medium with 1. 0 mg/ L IBA and 1.0 mg/ L IAA was best for the experiment, with 30 g/L sucrose and 10 hours of exposure to light per day being deemed best.
    4. In the transplantation of seedlings, as for the survival rate of the transplantation, the ratio of mixed soil: sand: plant ash= 1: 2: 0.5 sprayed with a vegetative solution of 1/10 MS was the best.
    
    
    
    5. The twp methods (the ocular estimation and indictor plant) were used in the virus detection of the plantlets. The preliminary results indicated that the plantlets did not carry mosaic virus with exfoliation shoot-tip culture.
    6 In the culture test, the results of observation indicated that the growth of seedlings derived from stem-tips was better than those derived from seminal root, seed, stem segment in stalk length, breeding period and yield per plant.
    Factors impacting the seedling formation from shoot tip, the virus-free effect through shoot tip culture, and the biological basis for the yield increase of virus-free seedlings were discussed also. Finally, some views on the research of the culture of Pseudostellari a heterophylla in vitro and its application in the production were put forward.
引文
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