建筑性能化消防设计方法理论及示范工程研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的飞速发展和建筑科技的长足进步，在大城市中，特别是世界各国经济发达的城市，具有新的设计概念和结构形式的公共建筑不断涌现，成为城市建设与发展的特色标志。这些新型建筑的大量出现给目前的建筑防火设计规范提出了巨大的挑战。
传统处方式的建筑防火设计规范和方法越来越满足不了建筑防火目标的要求，而且大大制约了建筑艺术和建筑形式多样化的发展。因此迫切地需要建立一种更安全、合理的新型建筑防火设计方法，性能化防火设计方法(Performance—based Fire Safety Design Method)正是在这种情况下应运而生的。
性能化防火设计方法自从出现就成为各国研究开发的重点，目前许多国家在建筑消防性能化设计方面进行了大量的研究工作，已经取得了巨大的成就。然而我国在建筑性能化防火设计无论是理论还是应用的许多方面还是空白，因此加强建筑性能化防火设计方法理论及相关模型的研究就显得尤为重要。
论文以我国古代建筑防火措施为背景，以现阶段消防安全工程学的实际发展水平及我国现行的建筑防火设计规范为基本出发点，面向建筑防火设计与审核等相关人员，在分析研究国内外大量的相关数据及文献的基础上，结合工程实践经验，针对目前各国性能化防火设计的发展状况及现代建筑的特点，对性能化防火设计的产生背景、优点、概念、基本框架和步骤进行了阐述与讨论。就如何在建筑防火的防排烟、水消防系统以及人员安全疏散等方面实现性能化设计进行了深入探讨。针对国内和国外两个性能化设计的示范工程，对设计过程中应注意的一些问题进行了深入细致的讨论。论文最后就在我国如何实现从现行的“处方式”防火设计方法转化为性能化设计方法提出了几点建议。
本文为建立适合我国国情的性能化建筑防火设计方法及制订性能化建筑防火规范体系提供技术基础。从总体及长远角度来看，本文所提出的步骤、相关理论和方法为促进我国性能化防火分析与设计工作的进行，也为分析与设计研究的进一步深入提供一些思路。同时，对日后发展我国的性能化防火设计规范也有一定的参考作用。
Along with the development of social economy and the rapid advance of science and technology of building, the public buildings of new design concept and configuration emerge constantly in big city, especially developed city, and becomes characteristic sign buildings of city. The plenty of appearances of these new buildings have put forward huge challenge to the actual fire protection design standard and method of buildings now.
The prescriptive fire protection design standard and method of buildings can not satisfy the requirements of fire protection goals of modern buildings more and more, and have also restricted the development of building art and building form variation greatly. Therefore one kind of more safe, reasonable and new fire protection design method of buildings are needed urgently to be established. So performance-based fire safety design method emerges under this kind of condition.
Performance-based fire safety design method has become the focal point of research and development in lots of countries since it appeared. Now, many countries have carried out plenty of research works about performance-based fire safety design, and have gotten huge achievements. However, our country is is still blank on a lot of aspects of performance-based fire safety design including theory and application. So we must strengthen performance-based fire protection design theory and method of buildings, which is particularly important.
The paper's background is building fire protection measures in the ancient times in our country. The current actual development level fire protection safe engineering of our country and fire protection design standard is this research's basic starting point. Faceing building fireprotection design and assessorand and related people, on the foundation of domestic and international plenty of related datas and document, combining project practice experience, according to present condition of performance-based fireprotection design development and the characteristic of modern building, the paper elaborates and discusses background, advantage, concept, basic frame and step of performance-based fire protection design and ralated theory. And it
n
Abstract
has made thorough discuss about how to realize performance-based fire protection design about profection and control of smoke, water fire extinguishing system, person safety evacuation and fire safety assessment method and so on. At the same time the paper make preliminary research about the models related side of fire safe. According to two demonstration projects of domestic and foreign performance-based fire protection design, some problems in design process that should be noticed are gone deep into careful discussion. Finally the paper has given some suggestions about how to realize transformation from current prescriptive fire protection design method to performance-based fire protection design method in our country.
This paper offer technology foundation for establishment of performance-based fire protection design method and regulation suitable for the national conditions of our country. In the long term, the related theory and method of performance-based fire protection design in this paper can promote to implement the performance-based fire protection design of our country to go on , and also has offered some way of thoughts for the study for analysis and design deep into further. At the same time, it has also been a certain reference role for performance-based fire protection design regulation that develops our country in the future.
传统处方式的建筑防火设计规范和方法越来越满足不了建筑防火目标的要求，而且大大制约了建筑艺术和建筑形式多样化的发展。因此迫切地需要建立一种更安全、合理的新型建筑防火设计方法，性能化防火设计方法(Performance—based Fire Safety Design Method)正是在这种情况下应运而生的。
性能化防火设计方法自从出现就成为各国研究开发的重点，目前许多国家在建筑消防性能化设计方面进行了大量的研究工作，已经取得了巨大的成就。然而我国在建筑性能化防火设计无论是理论还是应用的许多方面还是空白，因此加强建筑性能化防火设计方法理论及相关模型的研究就显得尤为重要。
论文以我国古代建筑防火措施为背景，以现阶段消防安全工程学的实际发展水平及我国现行的建筑防火设计规范为基本出发点，面向建筑防火设计与审核等相关人员，在分析研究国内外大量的相关数据及文献的基础上，结合工程实践经验，针对目前各国性能化防火设计的发展状况及现代建筑的特点，对性能化防火设计的产生背景、优点、概念、基本框架和步骤进行了阐述与讨论。就如何在建筑防火的防排烟、水消防系统以及人员安全疏散等方面实现性能化设计进行了深入探讨。针对国内和国外两个性能化设计的示范工程，对设计过程中应注意的一些问题进行了深入细致的讨论。论文最后就在我国如何实现从现行的“处方式”防火设计方法转化为性能化设计方法提出了几点建议。
本文为建立适合我国国情的性能化建筑防火设计方法及制订性能化建筑防火规范体系提供技术基础。从总体及长远角度来看，本文所提出的步骤、相关理论和方法为促进我国性能化防火分析与设计工作的进行，也为分析与设计研究的进一步深入提供一些思路。同时，对日后发展我国的性能化防火设计规范也有一定的参考作用。
Along with the development of social economy and the rapid advance of science and technology of building, the public buildings of new design concept and configuration emerge constantly in big city, especially developed city, and becomes characteristic sign buildings of city. The plenty of appearances of these new buildings have put forward huge challenge to the actual fire protection design standard and method of buildings now.
The prescriptive fire protection design standard and method of buildings can not satisfy the requirements of fire protection goals of modern buildings more and more, and have also restricted the development of building art and building form variation greatly. Therefore one kind of more safe, reasonable and new fire protection design method of buildings are needed urgently to be established. So performance-based fire safety design method emerges under this kind of condition.
Performance-based fire safety design method has become the focal point of research and development in lots of countries since it appeared. Now, many countries have carried out plenty of research works about performance-based fire safety design, and have gotten huge achievements. However, our country is is still blank on a lot of aspects of performance-based fire safety design including theory and application. So we must strengthen performance-based fire protection design theory and method of buildings, which is particularly important.
The paper's background is building fire protection measures in the ancient times in our country. The current actual development level fire protection safe engineering of our country and fire protection design standard is this research's basic starting point. Faceing building fireprotection design and assessorand and related people, on the foundation of domestic and international plenty of related datas and document, combining project practice experience, according to present condition of performance-based fireprotection design development and the characteristic of modern building, the paper elaborates and discusses background, advantage, concept, basic frame and step of performance-based fire protection design and ralated theory. And it
n
Abstract
has made thorough discuss about how to realize performance-based fire protection design about profection and control of smoke, water fire extinguishing system, person safety evacuation and fire safety assessment method and so on. At the same time the paper make preliminary research about the models related side of fire safe. According to two demonstration projects of domestic and foreign performance-based fire protection design, some problems in design process that should be noticed are gone deep into careful discussion. Finally the paper has given some suggestions about how to realize transformation from current prescriptive fire protection design method to performance-based fire protection design method in our country.
This paper offer technology foundation for establishment of performance-based fire protection design method and regulation suitable for the national conditions of our country. In the long term, the related theory and method of performance-based fire protection design in this paper can promote to implement the performance-based fire protection design of our country to go on , and also has offered some way of thoughts for the study for analysis and design deep into further. At the same time, it has also been a certain reference role for performance-based fire protection design regulation that develops our country in the future.
引文
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Performance-based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods, 2000, 116-128.
[20] 霍然，袁宏永．性能化建筑防火分析与设计[M]．安徽科学技术出版社，2003，9，第1版．
[21] 张菊良．对我国建筑防火技术体系的思考．给水排水，2000，Vol．26，No．2，P．61-63．
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[23] Vincent. B, Carol. S, Performance-based Fire Safety Regulation under Intentional Uncertainty, Fire and Materials , 1999, Vol. 23, P. 341-347.
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