高速公路事件管理系统设计及算法实现
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摘要
据估计，发达国家高速公路中60％～70％的延误是由交通事件引起的。为了减少由交通事件带来的负效应，许多国家的运输部门建立了高速公路事件管理系统。交通事件管理系统通过计划和协调手段使处于事故状态的高速公路尽快恢复正常运行。
随着智能运输系统(ITS)概念的提出，在交通领域中，该系统已得到了极大的发展和应用，同时对世界各国城市交通的发展起了极大的推动作用。目前，我国高等级公路及高速公路建设发展迅速。当高速公路建成后，为了更好地提高其利用率与运营效率，研究高速公路事件管理系统迫在眉睫。
本文从高速公路事件及其自身特点出发，分析了高速公路事件对道路交通的影响，在对国内外高速公路事件检测算法分析、比较的基础上，依据人工神经网络的有关原理，采用了人工神经网络算法建立了相应的基于交通流理论的BP网络事件检测模型，然后以系统的观点提出了高速公路事件管理系统的构建，从事件的检测、事件的管理和控制到驾驶员实时信息系统地阐述了一套高速公路事件管理系统的开发步骤，结构合理、功能完好。根据实际需求对系统结构作适当的取舍，即可满足当前高速公路运营要求，提高其利用率，缓解道路的交通拥挤程度，减少交通事故，提高经济效益和社会效益，为交通管理者提供切实可行的交通管理方案。最后，基于Mat-lab仿真语言，对高速公路事件检测进行了模拟，检验了该BP神经网络检测算法的性能。
It is estimated that as high as 60% to 70% of the freeway traffic delay in developed countries is attributed to traffic incident. In order to reduce the negative influence caused by this delay, transportation departments in a number of countries have established freeway incident management system, which makes the freeway under the condition of accidents smooth by planning and coordinating means.
With the introduction of the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the traffic field, the system has been greatly developed and utilized, and at the same time it boosts the development of urban traffic tremendously throughout the world. At present, the construction of freeway increases with the, rapid development of highway in our country. After being built, it is imperative to develop freeway incident management system in order to take advantage of the utility and operation efficiency.
In this paper, firstly the concept of freeway incident and its characteristics are expounded, and the impact of freeway incidents on the traffic flow is analyzed. Based on the present research on freeway incident detection algorithms abroad and in our country, this paper adopts artificial neural network and sets up the corresponding BP network incident detection model according to the principle of artificial neural network. Then in view of system engineering the freeway incident management system is established and a set of steps for developing freeway incident management system are built from incident detection, incident management and control to driver real-time information, which provides traffic managers with reasonable structure and good function. According to the actual demands, the system can not only meet the requsirements of freeway operation, improve the utility, ameliorate the traffic congestion and decrease the traffic accidents, but also increase the economic and social benefit. In the end, inci
dent simulation on the basis of Mat-lab is developed and the performance of this BP network incident detection algorithm is evaluated by simulating the process of incident detection.
随着智能运输系统(ITS)概念的提出，在交通领域中，该系统已得到了极大的发展和应用，同时对世界各国城市交通的发展起了极大的推动作用。目前，我国高等级公路及高速公路建设发展迅速。当高速公路建成后，为了更好地提高其利用率与运营效率，研究高速公路事件管理系统迫在眉睫。
本文从高速公路事件及其自身特点出发，分析了高速公路事件对道路交通的影响，在对国内外高速公路事件检测算法分析、比较的基础上，依据人工神经网络的有关原理，采用了人工神经网络算法建立了相应的基于交通流理论的BP网络事件检测模型，然后以系统的观点提出了高速公路事件管理系统的构建，从事件的检测、事件的管理和控制到驾驶员实时信息系统地阐述了一套高速公路事件管理系统的开发步骤，结构合理、功能完好。根据实际需求对系统结构作适当的取舍，即可满足当前高速公路运营要求，提高其利用率，缓解道路的交通拥挤程度，减少交通事故，提高经济效益和社会效益，为交通管理者提供切实可行的交通管理方案。最后，基于Mat-lab仿真语言，对高速公路事件检测进行了模拟，检验了该BP神经网络检测算法的性能。
It is estimated that as high as 60% to 70% of the freeway traffic delay in developed countries is attributed to traffic incident. In order to reduce the negative influence caused by this delay, transportation departments in a number of countries have established freeway incident management system, which makes the freeway under the condition of accidents smooth by planning and coordinating means.
With the introduction of the concept of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the traffic field, the system has been greatly developed and utilized, and at the same time it boosts the development of urban traffic tremendously throughout the world. At present, the construction of freeway increases with the, rapid development of highway in our country. After being built, it is imperative to develop freeway incident management system in order to take advantage of the utility and operation efficiency.
In this paper, firstly the concept of freeway incident and its characteristics are expounded, and the impact of freeway incidents on the traffic flow is analyzed. Based on the present research on freeway incident detection algorithms abroad and in our country, this paper adopts artificial neural network and sets up the corresponding BP network incident detection model according to the principle of artificial neural network. Then in view of system engineering the freeway incident management system is established and a set of steps for developing freeway incident management system are built from incident detection, incident management and control to driver real-time information, which provides traffic managers with reasonable structure and good function. According to the actual demands, the system can not only meet the requsirements of freeway operation, improve the utility, ameliorate the traffic congestion and decrease the traffic accidents, but also increase the economic and social benefit. In the end, inci
dent simulation on the basis of Mat-lab is developed and the performance of this BP network incident detection algorithm is evaluated by simulating the process of incident detection.
引文
1．赵亚男，达庆东，杨群，刘焱宇，张国伍．智能交通安全系统的研究．中国安全科学学报，2001(6)：27
2．郑向前．高速公路事件管理系统及其仿真研究．长安大学硕士学位论文．2000
3．刘伟铭 主编．高速公路系统控制方法．北京：人民交通出版社，1998
4. Razavia. A Survey of Autumatic Incident Detection Systems[R]. Prepared for Province of British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Highways.Victoria, BC. Canada, 1995
5．姜桂艳，温慧敏，杨兆升．高速公路交通事件自动检测系统与算法设计．交通运输工程学报，2001(3)：78
6．宫子龙．高速公路事件管理研究．长安大学硕士学位论文．2001
7．杨琪，刘小明．高速公路事件自动探测研究进展．公路交通科技，1997(6)：60～62
8. Hussein Dia and Geoff Rose. Development and Evaluation of Neural Network Freeway Incident Detection Models Using Field Data. Transportation Research-C. Vol.5, No.5, 1997:313～331
9. Baher Abdulhai, Stephen G.Ritchie. Enhancing the Universality and Transferability of Freeway Incident Detection Using a Bayesian-based Neural Network. Transportation Research Part C7, 1999: 271
10．张秀嫒，达庆东，张国伍．公路自动事件检测技术．系统工程理论与实践，2001(6)
11．史新宏，蔡伯根．高速公路自动事件检测算法．交通运输系统工程与信息，2001(11)
12．吴耀华，王莹，曹家宝．交通事故自动探测算法研究．制造业自动化，2000(12)
13．谭光莉，姜紫峰．高速公路事故自动检测算法的探讨．西安公路交通大学学报，1999(7)
14．王旭，王宏，王文辉编著．人工神经元网络原理与应用．沈阳：东北大学出版社，2000
15．韩力群 编著．人工神经网络理论、设计及应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2002
16．姜紫峰，刘小坤．基于神经网络的交通事件检测算法．西安公路交通大学学报，2000(7)
17. Iowa Ohio, Hironao Kawashima, Masahiro Kojima, Yukihiro Kaneko. A Method for Automatic Detection of Traffic Incidents Using Neural Networks.IEEE 1995:231～235
18. Yorgos J. Stephanedes.Integrated Traffic Management and Traveler Information in a Multimode Network. Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems, IEEE 1992:524～529
19．高朝晖，黄卫．高速公路交通管理系统的应用研究．公路交通科技，2000(2)
20. Razavia. Development of a New Automatic Incident Detection System for Freeway Using a Bi-classifier Approach. Ph.D. Thesis at the University of British Columbia, Canada, 1998
21. S.Cohen. Comparative Assessment of Conventional and New Incident Detection Algorithms. Road Traffic Monitoring and Control. 1994(4)
22．荆便顺．道路交通控制工程．北京：人们交通出版社，1995：68～70
23．任福田等．交通工程导论．北京：建筑工业出版社，1987：233～247
24．帅斌，邹俊万 编著．技术经济学．成都：西南交通大学，2000．4
25. Karl F.Petty, Michael Ostland, Jaimyoung Kwon, John Rice, Peter J.Bickel. A New Methodology for Evaluating Incident Detection Algorithms.Transportation Research Part C 10, 2002:189～200
26. Chung Edward and Rosalion Natalia. Effective Incident Detection and Management on Freeways. Research Report, 1999(2)
27. Shunsuke Kamijo. Traffic Monitoring and Accident Detection at Intersections.IEEE, 1999
28. Piyushimita Thakuriah and Ashish Sen. Quality of Information Given by Advanced Traveler Information Systems. Transportation Research Part C,Vol.4, No5.1996:249～251
29．黄卫，陈里得．智能运输系统概论．北京：人民交通出版社，1999
30．杨冰 等编著．智能运输系统．北京：中国铁道出版社，2000：1～17
31. htttp://www.matlab-wodd.com
32．楼顺天，施阳编著．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
33．Matlab教程，The Math Works,Inc．
34．李人厚，张平安等译校，精通MATLAB—综合辅导与指南．西安交通大学，1977(3)
35. http://www.youngfan.com/nn/nnbook/matlabnntoolbox3.html
36．许东，吴铮 编著．基于MATLAB6.x的系统分析与设计—神经网络．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002：152～187
37: http://www.xduph.com
38. Weerasuriya, Sujeeva A. An Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Freeway Incident Detection. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of South Florida,1998
39．刘小明，杨琪，任福田．人工神经元网络探测高速公路事件研究．公路交通科技，1998(5)
40. Balke Kevin N. An Evaluation of Existing Incident Detection Algorithms.Texas Transportation Institute Report, 1993 (11)
41．焦李成．神经网络系统理论．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1990
42．胡守任 主编．神经网络导论．长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1992
43．曹焕光．人工神经元网络原理．气象出版社，1992-05：2～82
44．徐吉万，徐冬玲．城市交通的计算机控制和管理．测绘出版社，1989：170～175
45. JIANG Zi-feng. Macro and Micro Freeway AID Method Based on Image Processing. IEEE ITS Conference. Boston, 1997
46. Stephen G. Ritchie and Ruey .L. Chen. Simulation of Freeway Incident Detection Using Artificial Neural Network, Transportation Research Part C,Vol. 1, No.3, pp203～206
47. Fretz Busch & Martin Fellendor. Automatic Incident Detection on Motorways,Traffic Engineering & Control, 1990(4): 221～227
48. Ishak, Sherif Samuel. Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Automatic Freeway Incident Detection. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California,Irvince, 1996
49．黄惠丹．交通事件检测算法的研究．西安：长安大学，1997
50．撤元功，胡郁葱，徐建闽．高速公路动态交通流的神经网络模型．华南理工大学学报，2002(8)
51. http://www.path.berkeley.edu/ITSIncident Manage/index.html
2．郑向前．高速公路事件管理系统及其仿真研究．长安大学硕士学位论文．2000
3．刘伟铭 主编．高速公路系统控制方法．北京：人民交通出版社，1998
4. Razavia. A Survey of Autumatic Incident Detection Systems[R]. Prepared for Province of British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Highways.Victoria, BC. Canada, 1995
5．姜桂艳，温慧敏，杨兆升．高速公路交通事件自动检测系统与算法设计．交通运输工程学报，2001(3)：78
6．宫子龙．高速公路事件管理研究．长安大学硕士学位论文．2001
7．杨琪，刘小明．高速公路事件自动探测研究进展．公路交通科技，1997(6)：60～62
8. Hussein Dia and Geoff Rose. Development and Evaluation of Neural Network Freeway Incident Detection Models Using Field Data. Transportation Research-C. Vol.5, No.5, 1997:313～331
9. Baher Abdulhai, Stephen G.Ritchie. Enhancing the Universality and Transferability of Freeway Incident Detection Using a Bayesian-based Neural Network. Transportation Research Part C7, 1999: 271
10．张秀嫒，达庆东，张国伍．公路自动事件检测技术．系统工程理论与实践，2001(6)
11．史新宏，蔡伯根．高速公路自动事件检测算法．交通运输系统工程与信息，2001(11)
12．吴耀华，王莹，曹家宝．交通事故自动探测算法研究．制造业自动化，2000(12)
13．谭光莉，姜紫峰．高速公路事故自动检测算法的探讨．西安公路交通大学学报，1999(7)
14．王旭，王宏，王文辉编著．人工神经元网络原理与应用．沈阳：东北大学出版社，2000
15．韩力群 编著．人工神经网络理论、设计及应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2002
16．姜紫峰，刘小坤．基于神经网络的交通事件检测算法．西安公路交通大学学报，2000(7)
17. Iowa Ohio, Hironao Kawashima, Masahiro Kojima, Yukihiro Kaneko. A Method for Automatic Detection of Traffic Incidents Using Neural Networks.IEEE 1995:231～235
18. Yorgos J. Stephanedes.Integrated Traffic Management and Traveler Information in a Multimode Network. Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems, IEEE 1992:524～529
19．高朝晖，黄卫．高速公路交通管理系统的应用研究．公路交通科技，2000(2)
20. Razavia. Development of a New Automatic Incident Detection System for Freeway Using a Bi-classifier Approach. Ph.D. Thesis at the University of British Columbia, Canada, 1998
21. S.Cohen. Comparative Assessment of Conventional and New Incident Detection Algorithms. Road Traffic Monitoring and Control. 1994(4)
22．荆便顺．道路交通控制工程．北京：人们交通出版社，1995：68～70
23．任福田等．交通工程导论．北京：建筑工业出版社，1987：233～247
24．帅斌，邹俊万 编著．技术经济学．成都：西南交通大学，2000．4
25. Karl F.Petty, Michael Ostland, Jaimyoung Kwon, John Rice, Peter J.Bickel. A New Methodology for Evaluating Incident Detection Algorithms.Transportation Research Part C 10, 2002:189～200
26. Chung Edward and Rosalion Natalia. Effective Incident Detection and Management on Freeways. Research Report, 1999(2)
27. Shunsuke Kamijo. Traffic Monitoring and Accident Detection at Intersections.IEEE, 1999
28. Piyushimita Thakuriah and Ashish Sen. Quality of Information Given by Advanced Traveler Information Systems. Transportation Research Part C,Vol.4, No5.1996:249～251
29．黄卫，陈里得．智能运输系统概论．北京：人民交通出版社，1999
30．杨冰 等编著．智能运输系统．北京：中国铁道出版社，2000：1～17
31. htttp://www.matlab-wodd.com
32．楼顺天，施阳编著．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
33．Matlab教程，The Math Works,Inc．
34．李人厚，张平安等译校，精通MATLAB—综合辅导与指南．西安交通大学，1977(3)
35. http://www.youngfan.com/nn/nnbook/matlabnntoolbox3.html
36．许东，吴铮 编著．基于MATLAB6.x的系统分析与设计—神经网络．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002：152～187
37: http://www.xduph.com
38. Weerasuriya, Sujeeva A. An Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Freeway Incident Detection. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of South Florida,1998
39．刘小明，杨琪，任福田．人工神经元网络探测高速公路事件研究．公路交通科技，1998(5)
40. Balke Kevin N. An Evaluation of Existing Incident Detection Algorithms.Texas Transportation Institute Report, 1993 (11)
41．焦李成．神经网络系统理论．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1990
42．胡守任 主编．神经网络导论．长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1992
43．曹焕光．人工神经元网络原理．气象出版社，1992-05：2～82
44．徐吉万，徐冬玲．城市交通的计算机控制和管理．测绘出版社，1989：170～175
45. JIANG Zi-feng. Macro and Micro Freeway AID Method Based on Image Processing. IEEE ITS Conference. Boston, 1997
46. Stephen G. Ritchie and Ruey .L. Chen. Simulation of Freeway Incident Detection Using Artificial Neural Network, Transportation Research Part C,Vol. 1, No.3, pp203～206
47. Fretz Busch & Martin Fellendor. Automatic Incident Detection on Motorways,Traffic Engineering & Control, 1990(4): 221～227
48. Ishak, Sherif Samuel. Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Automatic Freeway Incident Detection. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California,Irvince, 1996
49．黄惠丹．交通事件检测算法的研究．西安：长安大学，1997
50．撤元功，胡郁葱，徐建闽．高速公路动态交通流的神经网络模型．华南理工大学学报，2002(8)
51. http://www.path.berkeley.edu/ITSIncident Manage/index.html
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