IF钢铁素体轧制工艺的计算机模拟
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摘要
热轧过程中，轧制力是影响工艺制度的最重要的因素之一，是决定轧机负荷和成品尺寸精度的关键。影响轧制力的主要因素是材料的流动应力。
本论文的研究工作主要是建立适合IF钢铁素体流动应力的模型和编写IF钢铁素体轧制的计算机模拟软件，并通过对IF钢在奥氏体区和铁素体区变形的模拟，确定动态软化机制，寻找最佳变形工艺制度。
通过研究，利用修改现有模型的参数的方法建立了适合计算IF钢的流动应力的数学模型，计算结果与实验实测数据吻合。利用所编制的模拟软件，对IF钢的不同工艺制度进行了模拟计算，并将现场实测数据与实验数据进行了对比，结果显示对轧制力的预报准确度很高。在此基础上，本文给出了适合IF钢铁素体轧制的变形制度和温度制度。
本研究所开发的软件是轧钢技术人员应用计算机离线研究新产品、新轧制工艺的辅助工具，同时也是IF钢铁素体轧制工艺离线预报系统前期工作，后者又是IF钢在线预报和控制系统的基础，具有重要的应用价值。
Rolling force is the most important factor of process schedule during hot rolling. It is the key to determine the precision of guage of the finished product and to effect the load of the mills. The pivotal factor of predicting rolling force is flow stress.
The aim of the thesis is to setup a new mathematics model and develop a simulation software of ferrite rolling of IF steel .in order to determine the softing mechanics and look for the best process schedule, the Simulation of anstenite rolling & ferrite rolling is launched .
Through studying, the mathematics model of the flow stress of the IF steel is setup in the way of modification of coefficient. The result of calculation makes a good fit with the data of experience.
In this paper, rolling force of anstenite rolling and ferrite rolling under different process schedule is calculated. The result is compared with that of measurement, which indicates the software can precisely predicts rolling force of IF steel. On this basis, a new temperature schedule suitable for rolling force has been founded.
This software developed in our research is a auxiliary tool by which the technician develop new products. It is a part of Computer Simulation of Ferrite Rolling for IF steel, and the base of on-line prediction and control system of IF steel. It is of great practical utility.
本论文的研究工作主要是建立适合IF钢铁素体流动应力的模型和编写IF钢铁素体轧制的计算机模拟软件，并通过对IF钢在奥氏体区和铁素体区变形的模拟，确定动态软化机制，寻找最佳变形工艺制度。
通过研究，利用修改现有模型的参数的方法建立了适合计算IF钢的流动应力的数学模型，计算结果与实验实测数据吻合。利用所编制的模拟软件，对IF钢的不同工艺制度进行了模拟计算，并将现场实测数据与实验数据进行了对比，结果显示对轧制力的预报准确度很高。在此基础上，本文给出了适合IF钢铁素体轧制的变形制度和温度制度。
本研究所开发的软件是轧钢技术人员应用计算机离线研究新产品、新轧制工艺的辅助工具，同时也是IF钢铁素体轧制工艺离线预报系统前期工作，后者又是IF钢在线预报和控制系统的基础，具有重要的应用价值。
Rolling force is the most important factor of process schedule during hot rolling. It is the key to determine the precision of guage of the finished product and to effect the load of the mills. The pivotal factor of predicting rolling force is flow stress.
The aim of the thesis is to setup a new mathematics model and develop a simulation software of ferrite rolling of IF steel .in order to determine the softing mechanics and look for the best process schedule, the Simulation of anstenite rolling & ferrite rolling is launched .
Through studying, the mathematics model of the flow stress of the IF steel is setup in the way of modification of coefficient. The result of calculation makes a good fit with the data of experience.
In this paper, rolling force of anstenite rolling and ferrite rolling under different process schedule is calculated. The result is compared with that of measurement, which indicates the software can precisely predicts rolling force of IF steel. On this basis, a new temperature schedule suitable for rolling force has been founded.
This software developed in our research is a auxiliary tool by which the technician develop new products. It is a part of Computer Simulation of Ferrite Rolling for IF steel, and the base of on-line prediction and control system of IF steel. It is of great practical utility.
引文
[1] 李殿中，张玉妥，刘实等．材料制备工艺的计算机模拟[J]．金属学报，2001，37(5)：499-452
[2] Frank Feldmann, Mathematical models for simulation and control in flat rolling mills[J]. MPT International, 1997,1:90-97
[3] Harald Wehage, Ulrich Skoda-dopp, Uwe Quitimnn. New Trends in Hot Flat Rolling Technoligies and Pass Schedule Optimization[J],MPT International,1998,4:60-71
[4] Harald Wehage, Ulrich Skoda-dopp, Uwe Quitimnn. Pass Schedule Optimization for New Hot Flat rolling Processes[J]. MPT International, 1998,5:92-104
[5] 武智弘．IF钢的金属学进步及存在的问题[J]．武钢技术，1993，12：45-51
[6] 崔德理，王先进，金山同．超低碳钢的历史与发展[J]．1994，4：38-46
[7] 马衍伟，茹铮，王先进．超深冲 IF钢的生产工艺及其技术要点[J]．轧钢，1998，2(2)：6-17
[8] 高宗仁．IF钢概述[J]．太钢科技，1997(4)：68-70
[9] 马呜图．我国汽车钢板研究与应用进展[J]．钢铁，2001，36(8)：64-69
[10] Takehide SENUMA, Masayoshi SUEHIRO and Hiroshi YADA, Mathematical Models for predicting Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Hot Strips[J].ISIJ International, 1992,32(3):423-432
[11] John H. BEYNON and C. Michael SELLARS. Modelling Microstructure and Its Effects during Multipass Hot Roiling ISIJ International[J]. 1992, 32(3):359-367
[12] 井玉安，胡林．热轧钢材显微组织-力学性能预报和控制技术[J]．2001，37(5)：25-30
[13] 崔振山，徐秉业，刘才．热轧产品微观组织和力学性能的数学模拟[J]．2002，24(5)：15-21
[14] Bevis HUTCHINSON and Dorota ARTYMOWICZ, Mechanisms and Modelling of Microstructure/Texture Evolution in Interstitial-free Steel Sheets, ISIJ International[J].2001, 41(6):533-541
[15] Taro KIZU, Yasunobu NAGATAKI, Toru INAZUMI and Yoshihiro HOSOYA, Intergranular and Internal Oxidation during Hot-rolling Process in Ultra-low Carbon Steel[J]. ISIJ International, 2002,42(2):206-214
[16] Hiroshi TAKECHl. Metallurgical Aspects on Interstitial Free Sheet Steel from Industrial Viewpoints[J].,ISIJ International, 1994,34(1):1-8
[17] G. H. AKBARI,C.M. SELLARS, J.A. WHITMAN. Microstructural Development During Warm
Rolling of an IF Steel[J].ActaMater, 1997(45):5047-5088
[18] Ohjoon KWON, A Technology for the Prediction and Control of Microstructural Changes and Mechanical Properties in Steel, ISIJ International, 1992,32(3):350-358
[19] F. SIClLIANOJR, K. MINAl, T. M. MACCAGNO and J.J. JONAS. Mathematical Modeling ot the Mean Flow Stress, Fractional Softening and Grain Size during the Hot Strip Rolling of C-Mn Steels[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, (12):1500-1506
[20] Y. Liu, J. Lin. Modelling of microstructural evolution in multipass hot rolling[J]. Materials Processing Technology, 2003, (4):1-6
[21] M. R. BARNETT and J. J. JONAS, Distinctive Aspects of the Physical Metallurgy of WarmRolling[J], ISIJ International, 1999,39(9):856-873
[22] 赵昆，何晓明，吴景晖等．铁素体热轧轧制力模型的改进[J]．轧钢，2000，17(2)：8-16
[23] P. R. CETLIN. 1) S. YUEand J. J. JONAS, Simulated Rod Rolling of Interstitial Free Steels[J]. ISIJ International, 1993,33(4):488-497
[24] 孙一康．带钢热连轧数学模型基础[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002．29-58
[25] 赵嘉蓉，赵刚．金属塑性加工的冶金学基础[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．75-85
[26] 王秀梅，王国栋，刘相华．热连轧轧制力模型系数回归的新方法[J]．东北大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，20(5)：522-524
[27] 葛懋琦，程晓茹，陈贻宏，李虎兴等．高韧性热轧管线用钢轧制压力模型[J]．钢铁研究学报，1997，9(4)：18-23
[28] 焦书军，王先进，茹岭，张艳．用Gleeble1500模拟IF钢汽车薄板热轧过程[J]．1997，32(8)：42-45
[29] C. HUANG, E. B. HAWBOLT, X. CHEN, T. R. MEADOWCROFT and D. K. MATLOCK. FLOW STRESS MODELING AND WARM ROLLING SIMULATION BEHAVIOR OF TWO Ti-Nb INTERSTITIAL-FREE STEELS IN THE FERRITE REGION[J], Acta Mater, 2001 (49): 1445-1452
[30] A.M. Jorger, J.W. Regone, O. Balancin. Effect of Competing and Softening Mechanisms on the Flow Stree Curve Modeling of Ultra-low Cadbon Steel at High remperatures[J].Materials Processing Technology, 2003,142:415-421
[31] S. Saimoto, B.J. Oisk. Strain Rate Sensitivity of Ultra-low Carbon Steels. Materials Science Engineering[J].2001,A319-321:294-298
[32] 左军．超低碳钢热金属变形抗力研究及工业应用[J]．四川冶金，2002(3)：7-10
[33] 王昭东，何晓明，赵昆等．TI-IF钢铁素体区热变行为研究和Zoner-Hollomen参数方程的建立[J]，材料科学与工程，2000，8(4)：6-10
[34] A. NAJAFI-ZASEH, J.J. JONAS, S. YUE. Influence of Hot Strip Roiling Parameters on Austenite Recrystallization in Interstitial Free Steels[J]. ISIJ International,
1992，32(2)：213-221
[35] 王有铭，钢材的控制轧制和控制冷却[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．37-50
[36] 杨平，傅云义，崔凤娥，孙祖庆．Q235碳素钢应变强化相变的基本特点及影响因素[J]．金属学报，2001，37(6)：592-599
[37] 杨平，傅云义，崔凤娥，孙祖庆．Q235碳素钢应变强化相变过程中的动力学问题[J]．金属学报，2001，37(6)：617-624
[38] A. NAJAFI-ZASEH, J.J. JONAS, S. YUE. Grain Refinement by Dynamic Recrystallization During the Simulated Warm-Rolling of Interstitial Free Steels[J]. Metallurgical Transactions, 1992(23):2607-2617
[39] Masayoshi SUEHIRO. An Analysis of the Solute Drag Carbon Steel Effect of Nb on Recrystallization of the Ultra Low[J]. ISIJ International, 1998, 38(6):547-552
[40] Saiji MATSUOKA, MasahikoMORITA, Osamu FURUKIMI and Takashi OBARA. Effect of Lubrication Condition on Recrystallization Texture of Ultra-low C Sheet Steel Hot-rolled in Ferrite Region[J].ISIJ International, 38 1998, 38(6):633-639
[41] Dongsheng LIU, Alan O. HUMPHREYS, Mohammad. The Deformation Microstructure and Recrystallization Behavior of Warm Rolled Steels[J]. ISIJ International, 2002,42(7):751-759
[42] Toshiaki URABEand J. J. JONAS. Modeling Texture Change during the Recrystallization of an IF Steel[J]. ISIJ International, 1994, 34(5): 435-442
[43] Tadeusz SIWECKl. Modelling of Microstructure Evolution During Recry-stallization Controlled Rolling[J]. ISIJ International, 1992, 32(3):368-376
[44] 赵昆，王昭东，吴景晖等．IF钢铁素体区热变形后的静态软化行为[J]．钢铁研究学报，1999，11(4)：18-21
[45] 许云波，王国栋，刘相桦，低碳钢低温变形r-a相变行为的预测模型，金属学报，Vol．38 no．10 oct．2002，pp．1021-1026
[46] 杜林秀，高彩茹，张彩碚，丁桦，刘相华，王国栋，低碳钢应变导铁素相变发生的温度条件，金属学报，Vol．38 No．10 oct．2002 pp．1031-1036
[47] Takehide SENUMA, Masaharu KAMEDA and MasayoshiSUEHIRO. Influence of Hot Rolling and Cooling Conditions on the Grain Refinement of Hot Rolled Extralow-carbon Steel Bands[J]. ISIJ International, 1998,38(6): 587-594
[48] 徐洲，酒井拓，高温变形对含Ti无间隙原子钢铁素体晶粒直径的影响[J]，机械工程材料，1997，21(2)：7-18
[49] K. Verbeken, L. Kestens, J.J. Jonas. Microtextural study of orientation change during nucleation and growth in a cold rolled ULC steel[J]. Scripta
Materialia ,2003,48:1457-1462
[50] A. SCHMICKL, D. YU, C. KILLMORE, Prediction of Ferrite Grain Size after Warm Deformation of Low Carbon Steel[J],ISIJ International, 1996, 36(10):1279-1285
[51] 王作成，关小军，韦珂，赵罕．轧制温度对热轧无间隙原子性能及结构的影响[J]．山东工业大学学报，1999，29(4)：360-365
[52] 齐俊杰，杨王钥，孙租庆．低碳钢过冷奥氏体形变过程超细铁素体的形成[J]，金属学报，2002，38(9)：897-902
[53] Rika YODA. Ichiro TSUKATAN1. Tsuyoshi INOUEand Tadashi SAITO. Effect of Chemical Composition on Recrystallization Behavior and r-value in Ti-added Ultra Low Carbon Sheet Steel[J]. ISIJ International, 1994,34(1): 70-76
[55] C.M. Sellars. Modelling-An Interdisciplinary Activity[A].S. Yue. Proceedings of the International Sympsium on Mathematical Modelling of Hot Rolling of Steel[C].Canadian, 1990. 1-18
[2] Frank Feldmann, Mathematical models for simulation and control in flat rolling mills[J]. MPT International, 1997,1:90-97
[3] Harald Wehage, Ulrich Skoda-dopp, Uwe Quitimnn. New Trends in Hot Flat Rolling Technoligies and Pass Schedule Optimization[J],MPT International,1998,4:60-71
[4] Harald Wehage, Ulrich Skoda-dopp, Uwe Quitimnn. Pass Schedule Optimization for New Hot Flat rolling Processes[J]. MPT International, 1998,5:92-104
[5] 武智弘．IF钢的金属学进步及存在的问题[J]．武钢技术，1993，12：45-51
[6] 崔德理，王先进，金山同．超低碳钢的历史与发展[J]．1994，4：38-46
[7] 马衍伟，茹铮，王先进．超深冲 IF钢的生产工艺及其技术要点[J]．轧钢，1998，2(2)：6-17
[8] 高宗仁．IF钢概述[J]．太钢科技，1997(4)：68-70
[9] 马呜图．我国汽车钢板研究与应用进展[J]．钢铁，2001，36(8)：64-69
[10] Takehide SENUMA, Masayoshi SUEHIRO and Hiroshi YADA, Mathematical Models for predicting Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Hot Strips[J].ISIJ International, 1992,32(3):423-432
[11] John H. BEYNON and C. Michael SELLARS. Modelling Microstructure and Its Effects during Multipass Hot Roiling ISIJ International[J]. 1992, 32(3):359-367
[12] 井玉安，胡林．热轧钢材显微组织-力学性能预报和控制技术[J]．2001，37(5)：25-30
[13] 崔振山，徐秉业，刘才．热轧产品微观组织和力学性能的数学模拟[J]．2002，24(5)：15-21
[14] Bevis HUTCHINSON and Dorota ARTYMOWICZ, Mechanisms and Modelling of Microstructure/Texture Evolution in Interstitial-free Steel Sheets, ISIJ International[J].2001, 41(6):533-541
[15] Taro KIZU, Yasunobu NAGATAKI, Toru INAZUMI and Yoshihiro HOSOYA, Intergranular and Internal Oxidation during Hot-rolling Process in Ultra-low Carbon Steel[J]. ISIJ International, 2002,42(2):206-214
[16] Hiroshi TAKECHl. Metallurgical Aspects on Interstitial Free Sheet Steel from Industrial Viewpoints[J].,ISIJ International, 1994,34(1):1-8
[17] G. H. AKBARI,C.M. SELLARS, J.A. WHITMAN. Microstructural Development During Warm
Rolling of an IF Steel[J].ActaMater, 1997(45):5047-5088
[18] Ohjoon KWON, A Technology for the Prediction and Control of Microstructural Changes and Mechanical Properties in Steel, ISIJ International, 1992,32(3):350-358
[19] F. SIClLIANOJR, K. MINAl, T. M. MACCAGNO and J.J. JONAS. Mathematical Modeling ot the Mean Flow Stress, Fractional Softening and Grain Size during the Hot Strip Rolling of C-Mn Steels[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, (12):1500-1506
[20] Y. Liu, J. Lin. Modelling of microstructural evolution in multipass hot rolling[J]. Materials Processing Technology, 2003, (4):1-6
[21] M. R. BARNETT and J. J. JONAS, Distinctive Aspects of the Physical Metallurgy of WarmRolling[J], ISIJ International, 1999,39(9):856-873
[22] 赵昆，何晓明，吴景晖等．铁素体热轧轧制力模型的改进[J]．轧钢，2000，17(2)：8-16
[23] P. R. CETLIN. 1) S. YUEand J. J. JONAS, Simulated Rod Rolling of Interstitial Free Steels[J]. ISIJ International, 1993,33(4):488-497
[24] 孙一康．带钢热连轧数学模型基础[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2002．29-58
[25] 赵嘉蓉，赵刚．金属塑性加工的冶金学基础[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．75-85
[26] 王秀梅，王国栋，刘相华．热连轧轧制力模型系数回归的新方法[J]．东北大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，20(5)：522-524
[27] 葛懋琦，程晓茹，陈贻宏，李虎兴等．高韧性热轧管线用钢轧制压力模型[J]．钢铁研究学报，1997，9(4)：18-23
[28] 焦书军，王先进，茹岭，张艳．用Gleeble1500模拟IF钢汽车薄板热轧过程[J]．1997，32(8)：42-45
[29] C. HUANG, E. B. HAWBOLT, X. CHEN, T. R. MEADOWCROFT and D. K. MATLOCK. FLOW STRESS MODELING AND WARM ROLLING SIMULATION BEHAVIOR OF TWO Ti-Nb INTERSTITIAL-FREE STEELS IN THE FERRITE REGION[J], Acta Mater, 2001 (49): 1445-1452
[30] A.M. Jorger, J.W. Regone, O. Balancin. Effect of Competing and Softening Mechanisms on the Flow Stree Curve Modeling of Ultra-low Cadbon Steel at High remperatures[J].Materials Processing Technology, 2003,142:415-421
[31] S. Saimoto, B.J. Oisk. Strain Rate Sensitivity of Ultra-low Carbon Steels. Materials Science Engineering[J].2001,A319-321:294-298
[32] 左军．超低碳钢热金属变形抗力研究及工业应用[J]．四川冶金，2002(3)：7-10
[33] 王昭东，何晓明，赵昆等．TI-IF钢铁素体区热变行为研究和Zoner-Hollomen参数方程的建立[J]，材料科学与工程，2000，8(4)：6-10
[34] A. NAJAFI-ZASEH, J.J. JONAS, S. YUE. Influence of Hot Strip Roiling Parameters on Austenite Recrystallization in Interstitial Free Steels[J]. ISIJ International,
1992，32(2)：213-221
[35] 王有铭，钢材的控制轧制和控制冷却[M]，北京：冶金工业出版社，1995．37-50
[36] 杨平，傅云义，崔凤娥，孙祖庆．Q235碳素钢应变强化相变的基本特点及影响因素[J]．金属学报，2001，37(6)：592-599
[37] 杨平，傅云义，崔凤娥，孙祖庆．Q235碳素钢应变强化相变过程中的动力学问题[J]．金属学报，2001，37(6)：617-624
[38] A. NAJAFI-ZASEH, J.J. JONAS, S. YUE. Grain Refinement by Dynamic Recrystallization During the Simulated Warm-Rolling of Interstitial Free Steels[J]. Metallurgical Transactions, 1992(23):2607-2617
[39] Masayoshi SUEHIRO. An Analysis of the Solute Drag Carbon Steel Effect of Nb on Recrystallization of the Ultra Low[J]. ISIJ International, 1998, 38(6):547-552
[40] Saiji MATSUOKA, MasahikoMORITA, Osamu FURUKIMI and Takashi OBARA. Effect of Lubrication Condition on Recrystallization Texture of Ultra-low C Sheet Steel Hot-rolled in Ferrite Region[J].ISIJ International, 38 1998, 38(6):633-639
[41] Dongsheng LIU, Alan O. HUMPHREYS, Mohammad. The Deformation Microstructure and Recrystallization Behavior of Warm Rolled Steels[J]. ISIJ International, 2002,42(7):751-759
[42] Toshiaki URABEand J. J. JONAS. Modeling Texture Change during the Recrystallization of an IF Steel[J]. ISIJ International, 1994, 34(5): 435-442
[43] Tadeusz SIWECKl. Modelling of Microstructure Evolution During Recry-stallization Controlled Rolling[J]. ISIJ International, 1992, 32(3):368-376
[44] 赵昆，王昭东，吴景晖等．IF钢铁素体区热变形后的静态软化行为[J]．钢铁研究学报，1999，11(4)：18-21
[45] 许云波，王国栋，刘相桦，低碳钢低温变形r-a相变行为的预测模型，金属学报，Vol．38 no．10 oct．2002，pp．1021-1026
[46] 杜林秀，高彩茹，张彩碚，丁桦，刘相华，王国栋，低碳钢应变导铁素相变发生的温度条件，金属学报，Vol．38 No．10 oct．2002 pp．1031-1036
[47] Takehide SENUMA, Masaharu KAMEDA and MasayoshiSUEHIRO. Influence of Hot Rolling and Cooling Conditions on the Grain Refinement of Hot Rolled Extralow-carbon Steel Bands[J]. ISIJ International, 1998,38(6): 587-594
[48] 徐洲，酒井拓，高温变形对含Ti无间隙原子钢铁素体晶粒直径的影响[J]，机械工程材料，1997，21(2)：7-18
[49] K. Verbeken, L. Kestens, J.J. Jonas. Microtextural study of orientation change during nucleation and growth in a cold rolled ULC steel[J]. Scripta
Materialia ,2003,48:1457-1462
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