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深海非接触式双向信号传输技术研究
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摘要
载人深潜器是深海科学考察的重要载体,科考人员能够搭乘深潜器潜入大洋底层,进行实时实地的考察。目前,我国正在研制7000米载人深潜器,这是一个庞大的系统工程。本课题的研究对象是载人深潜器与作业工具之间的通讯技术。
     在深海高压环境下,从安全的角度考虑,深潜器与作业工具只能采取非接触式的通讯方式,而不能采用直接的电缆连接。深潜器与作业工具之间的通讯有如下特点:非接触式、双工、近距离、低速率、低功耗。在设计之初,对适用于深海环境的通讯方式作了广泛的研究和比较,同时借鉴国外载人深潜器的成功经验,最终在水声、电磁波、激光和电磁耦合四种方式中选择电磁耦合方式作为实现非接触式通讯的技术方案。电磁耦合(Inductively Coupled Link)方式利用电磁感应原理,通过一对线圈来耦合传递频带信号。在通讯理论方面,研究了把基带信号转换为频带信号的二值数字调制解调方法。
     基于上述原理,设计了两类非接触式通讯接口电路,它们分别采用FSK和OOK调制模式。在整体设计方面,统一了通讯参数和外部引脚,使其成为深海通讯的一个标准接口。在电路设计过程中,把深潜器与作业工具之间的通讯特点作为首要的考虑因素,强化了电路的低功耗设计。并介绍了线圈和封装腔体的设计方法。
     热液采样器是进行海底热液口考察的重要作业工具之一,温度是采集热液时的向导,本课题设计实现了热液采样器的温度信号采集电路,并把这部分电路与非接触式通讯装置集成在一起,形成了完整的信号采集、处理、传输电路。系统实验证明,采用OOK调制模式的非接触式通讯接口可以满足深潜器与作业工具之间的信号传输要求,采样器的信号采集电路能够提供实时的温度监控。
     最后,总结整个设计,并提出了进一步研究的内容。
Deep Submersible Vehicle (DSV) is one of the most important vehicle for ocean exploration, by which scientists can reach the ocean floor. At the present time, the project of "7000 meters DSV" has been started in China and it is a great one. The object of this paper is the communication between DSV and its deployed tools.
    As the pressure is very high in seabed, the communication between the DSV and its deployed tools takes a contactless way. So the cable is out of question for safety consideration. The communication has some properties such as contactless, duplex, low baud rate, low power consumption. At the beginning of the designing, all of the underwater communication methods were studied. Undoubtedly, the overseas successful experience was used for reference. At last, Inductively Coupled Link (ICL) was been chosen from four options (acoustics, laser, electromagnetic wave, ICL) to realize the contactless communication. Based on the electromagnetic induction theory, ICL transmits signal by a pair of loops. In order to drive the loop, the modulation and demodulation theory was studied.
    Base on the theories above, the FSK (Frequency-Shifted-Keying) modulation mode circuits and OOK(On-Off-Keying) modulation mode circuits were designed. In order to make the ICL interface to be a communication standard, the parameter, loop and 10 is all the same. The properties of the communication are the rule of circuit designing. Low power consumption is an important factor because the deployed tools are powered by cells. In addition, the loops and encapsulation are important parts of ICL interface also.
    Fluid Sampler is one of the important tools for ocean crater exploration. Temperature is the guide of collection operation, So a circuit was developed to measure the temperature. At last, this circuit was integrated with the ICL interface. The whole circuit can collect, process and transport the temperature signal. The system experimentation proved that the OOK mode ICL interface can fill the communication demand between the DSV and deployed tools, and the circuit of the
    
    
    
    
    sampler can provide the temperature signal real timely.
    At last, the whole designing was summarized. Some pieces of advice were brought forward for further studying.
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