熔融织构YBCO高温超导微波表面电阻研究
摘要
高温超导材料发现以后，人们通过各种途径提高超导转变温度的同时也在不断探索改善超导材料的机械特性和电磁性质，以满足不同的需要。用高温超导材料做的线材、微带线、薄膜谐振器已经进入商品阶段，然而由于制备大直径、厚块、性能优良且一致的高温超导块材还很困难，对用高温超导块材来进行微波谐振腔的研究还非常少见，并且进展缓慢。
本文理论分析了高温超导材料的微波表面电阻。根据实验的需要，理论计算了TE_(011)谐振腔的结构参数，设计加工了无氧铜谐振腔，通过实验选取了耦合孔的参数，对单畴钇钡铜氧高温超导块材进行了表面处理和加工分析，建立了谐振腔的低温测试系统，有效地测试了铜腔和端面用单畴钇钡铜氧代替的圆柱型谐振腔的品质因素，两者结合理论、计算了高温超导表面电阻，分析了谐振腔整腔为单畴钇钡铜氧块材时的表面电阻和理论品质因素，展望了单畴钇钡铜氧块材在高频微波器件应用方面的可能性。对实验误差也进行了分析。
After the discovery of the high-temperature superconducting materials, researchers have been trying various methods to increase the conversion temperature as well as to improve the mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics of the superconducting materials, so that requirements in different applications can be fulfilled. Wires, microstrip lines, membrane resonators made from superconductors have already been commercialized. However, since it is still very difficult to manufacture superconductors with large diameter or bulk as well as high performance and homogeneity, studies of microwave resonators using bulk superconductors are still rare, and the progress is very slow.
la this thesis, I presented the physical basis and the superconducting properties of the high-temperature superconductors, including the zero resistance phenomenon, the Meissner effect and the critical parameters; and introduced the related theories. Furthermore, I performed the theoretical analysis of the surface resistance of the high-temperature superconductors for microwave propagation. According to the experimental requirements, I calculated theoretically the parameters for the design of the resonators of the TE011 mode, developed the microwave resonator using oxygen free copper, performed the surface process and machining analysis of the single domain YBCO high-temperature superconductor, and set up the low temperature testing system for the resonator. In addition, I effectively measured the figure of merit of the column resonator whose copper cavity and the end plane were replaced with single domain YBCO material, and calculated theoretically the surface resistance of the high temperature superconduct
or. Finally, I analyzed the surface resistance and the theoretical figure of merit for the resonators whose whole cavity uses YBCO bulk material. I also analyzed the error of the experiment.
本文理论分析了高温超导材料的微波表面电阻。根据实验的需要，理论计算了TE_(011)谐振腔的结构参数，设计加工了无氧铜谐振腔，通过实验选取了耦合孔的参数，对单畴钇钡铜氧高温超导块材进行了表面处理和加工分析，建立了谐振腔的低温测试系统，有效地测试了铜腔和端面用单畴钇钡铜氧代替的圆柱型谐振腔的品质因素，两者结合理论、计算了高温超导表面电阻，分析了谐振腔整腔为单畴钇钡铜氧块材时的表面电阻和理论品质因素，展望了单畴钇钡铜氧块材在高频微波器件应用方面的可能性。对实验误差也进行了分析。
After the discovery of the high-temperature superconducting materials, researchers have been trying various methods to increase the conversion temperature as well as to improve the mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics of the superconducting materials, so that requirements in different applications can be fulfilled. Wires, microstrip lines, membrane resonators made from superconductors have already been commercialized. However, since it is still very difficult to manufacture superconductors with large diameter or bulk as well as high performance and homogeneity, studies of microwave resonators using bulk superconductors are still rare, and the progress is very slow.
la this thesis, I presented the physical basis and the superconducting properties of the high-temperature superconductors, including the zero resistance phenomenon, the Meissner effect and the critical parameters; and introduced the related theories. Furthermore, I performed the theoretical analysis of the surface resistance of the high-temperature superconductors for microwave propagation. According to the experimental requirements, I calculated theoretically the parameters for the design of the resonators of the TE011 mode, developed the microwave resonator using oxygen free copper, performed the surface process and machining analysis of the single domain YBCO high-temperature superconductor, and set up the low temperature testing system for the resonator. In addition, I effectively measured the figure of merit of the column resonator whose copper cavity and the end plane were replaced with single domain YBCO material, and calculated theoretically the surface resistance of the high temperature superconduct
or. Finally, I analyzed the surface resistance and the theoretical figure of merit for the resonators whose whole cavity uses YBCO bulk material. I also analyzed the error of the experiment.
引文
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[2] 张裕恒 超导物理 中国科学技术大学出版社 1997．9
[3] 沈致远．高温超导微波电路．盛克敏，王素玉．国防工业出版社．2000：2
[4] 章立源，张金龙，崔广霁．超导物理．电子工业出版社．1987：23
[5] 曲喜新 杨邦朝 姜节俭等 电子薄膜材料第一章 北京：科学出版社
[6] 李言荣 高温超导研究的新进展，功能材料 1994 25(5)：289～296
[7] 王守证 高温超导薄膜研究的最新进展和应用前景 薄膜科学与技术 19958(3)：217～255
[8] 曲喜新 高温超导薄膜研究的新进展 电子科技大学学报 Vol．25，N8，Aug 1996
[9] 国外科技动态．2000
[10] M Meissner, R Oehsenfeld. Nature, 1933;21:7876
[11] Bardeen J, Cooper LN, Schdeffer J R. Phys Rev, 1957;108(5):1175
[12] London H. Proe Roy Soe, 1940;A176:522
[13] London H Nature, 1934;133,497
[14] Mattis D C, Bardeen J. Phys Rex,, 1958,111(2):422
[15]
[16] Turneaure J P, Viet N T. Appl Phys Lett, 1968; 39:4417
[17] Pierce J M. JAppl Phys, 1973; 44(3):1342
[18] Turneaure J P. IEEE Trans Nuel Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):166; Allen M L et al. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):168; Kneisel Pet al. 1972 ASC, 657
[19] 王家素，王素玉．电子学报，1985；13(5)：119
[20] Hillenbrand H et al. 1976 ASC, p419; Kneisel Pet al. 1976 ASC, p496
[21] 王家素 微波超导电子学第四章
[22] Bardeen J, Cooper L N, Schrieffer J R. Phys Rev, 1957;108(5): 1175
[23] Miller P B. Phys Rev, 1960; 118(4): 928
[24] Turneaure J P. Stanford University, HEPL, Rep 507, 1967
[25] Mattis D C, Bardeen J. Phys Rev, 1958;111(2):422
[26] Halbeitter J Z. Z Phys, 1974; 226:209
[27] Reuter G, Sondheimer E H. Proe Roy Soe (London), 1948; A195:336
[28] 王家素，王素玉．低温物理学报，1991；13(5)：371
[29] Wnag J S, Wang S Y et al. The International SC Electronics Conf, Glasgow UK, June 25-27, 1991:605
[30] London H. Proc Roy Soc, 1940; A174:522
[31] Gorter C J. Progress in Low Temperature Physics. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1955,1-16
[32] Pippard AB. Proc Roy Soc (London), 1950; A203:78
[33] Faber T E, PippardA B. Proc Roy Soc (London), 1955; A231:336
[34] Sturge M D. Proc Roy Soc, 1958; A246:570
[35] Pakulis E Jet al. Appl Phys Lett, 1990; 57(9): 940
[36] Vendik O G, Popov AY. Phil Mag Lett, 1992; 65(5): 219
[37] Boon D A et al. Phys Rev Lett, 1992; 68(15): 2390
[38] Ma Jian-Guo, WolffI. IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1995; 43(5):1053
[39] Wang J S, Wang S Y et al. The International SC Electronics Conf, Glasgow UK, June 25-27, 1991:605
[40] Klein N. Et al. J Superconductors, 1992; 5(2):
[41] Tumeaure J E IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):166; Allen M Let al. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):168; Kneisel P et al. 1972 ASC, 657
[42] 王家素，唐启雪，王素玉等．低温与超导，1984；12(2)：27
[43] London H. Nature, 1934; 133:497
[44] Turneaure J P, Viet N T. Appl Phys Lett, 1968; 39:4417
[45] Bednorz J G, Mller K A. Z Phys, 1986; 64:189
[46] Wu M K et al. 1987; Phys Rev Lett, 58:908
[47] 赵忠贤、陈立泉等．科学通报，1987；32：412
[48] Piel H et al. IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 1991; MAG-27(2):854
[49] WangJ S, Wang S Yet al. ISEC'91, Glasgow UK, June 25-27, 1991:605
[50] Button T W, Alford N M. Appl Phys Lett, 1992; 60(11):1378
[51] Gao F et al. Appl phys Lett, 1993; 63(16): 2274
[52] Oales D E et al. IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 1991; MAG-27(2):867
[53] Holstein W L et al. IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 1991; MAG-27(2): 1568
[54] Wilker C et al. IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory Technology, 1991; MTT-39(9): 1462
[55] 王家素，王素玉．超导技术应用．成都：成都科技大学出版社，1995：204-218
[56] Shen Z -Yet al. IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory Technology, 1992; MTT-40: 2424
[57] Wu X D et al. Appl Phys Lett, 1995; 67:2937
[58] 顾茂章 张克潜 微波技术 电子工业出版社 1988
[59] 沈致远．高温超导微波电路．盛克敏，王素玉．国防工业出版社．2000：2 39～48
[60] Cooke, D. W., E. R. Gray, R. J. Hulton, B. Rusnak, E. A.Meyer, J. G. Beery, D. R. Brown, F. H. Garzon, I. D. Raistrick, A. D. Pollet, and R. Bolmaro,"Surface resistance of YBa2Cu307 films on SrTiO3 and LaGao3 substrates," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 55, 1989, pp. 914-916.
[61] 王素玉 高温超导谐振薄膜微波谐振腔物理问题的研究 中物院院外基金研究总结报告 1998．7
[2] 张裕恒 超导物理 中国科学技术大学出版社 1997．9
[3] 沈致远．高温超导微波电路．盛克敏，王素玉．国防工业出版社．2000：2
[4] 章立源，张金龙，崔广霁．超导物理．电子工业出版社．1987：23
[5] 曲喜新 杨邦朝 姜节俭等 电子薄膜材料第一章 北京：科学出版社
[6] 李言荣 高温超导研究的新进展，功能材料 1994 25(5)：289～296
[7] 王守证 高温超导薄膜研究的最新进展和应用前景 薄膜科学与技术 19958(3)：217～255
[8] 曲喜新 高温超导薄膜研究的新进展 电子科技大学学报 Vol．25，N8，Aug 1996
[9] 国外科技动态．2000
[10] M Meissner, R Oehsenfeld. Nature, 1933;21:7876
[11] Bardeen J, Cooper LN, Schdeffer J R. Phys Rev, 1957;108(5):1175
[12] London H. Proe Roy Soe, 1940;A176:522
[13] London H Nature, 1934;133,497
[14] Mattis D C, Bardeen J. Phys Rex,, 1958,111(2):422
[15]
[16] Turneaure J P, Viet N T. Appl Phys Lett, 1968; 39:4417
[17] Pierce J M. JAppl Phys, 1973; 44(3):1342
[18] Turneaure J P. IEEE Trans Nuel Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):166; Allen M L et al. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):168; Kneisel Pet al. 1972 ASC, 657
[19] 王家素，王素玉．电子学报，1985；13(5)：119
[20] Hillenbrand H et al. 1976 ASC, p419; Kneisel Pet al. 1976 ASC, p496
[21] 王家素 微波超导电子学第四章
[22] Bardeen J, Cooper L N, Schrieffer J R. Phys Rev, 1957;108(5): 1175
[23] Miller P B. Phys Rev, 1960; 118(4): 928
[24] Turneaure J P. Stanford University, HEPL, Rep 507, 1967
[25] Mattis D C, Bardeen J. Phys Rev, 1958;111(2):422
[26] Halbeitter J Z. Z Phys, 1974; 226:209
[27] Reuter G, Sondheimer E H. Proe Roy Soe (London), 1948; A195:336
[28] 王家素，王素玉．低温物理学报，1991；13(5)：371
[29] Wnag J S, Wang S Y et al. The International SC Electronics Conf, Glasgow UK, June 25-27, 1991:605
[30] London H. Proc Roy Soc, 1940; A174:522
[31] Gorter C J. Progress in Low Temperature Physics. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1955,1-16
[32] Pippard AB. Proc Roy Soc (London), 1950; A203:78
[33] Faber T E, PippardA B. Proc Roy Soc (London), 1955; A231:336
[34] Sturge M D. Proc Roy Soc, 1958; A246:570
[35] Pakulis E Jet al. Appl Phys Lett, 1990; 57(9): 940
[36] Vendik O G, Popov AY. Phil Mag Lett, 1992; 65(5): 219
[37] Boon D A et al. Phys Rev Lett, 1992; 68(15): 2390
[38] Ma Jian-Guo, WolffI. IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1995; 43(5):1053
[39] Wang J S, Wang S Y et al. The International SC Electronics Conf, Glasgow UK, June 25-27, 1991:605
[40] Klein N. Et al. J Superconductors, 1992; 5(2):
[41] Tumeaure J E IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):166; Allen M Let al. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 1971; NS-18(3):168; Kneisel P et al. 1972 ASC, 657
[42] 王家素，唐启雪，王素玉等．低温与超导，1984；12(2)：27
[43] London H. Nature, 1934; 133:497
[44] Turneaure J P, Viet N T. Appl Phys Lett, 1968; 39:4417
[45] Bednorz J G, Mller K A. Z Phys, 1986; 64:189
[46] Wu M K et al. 1987; Phys Rev Lett, 58:908
[47] 赵忠贤、陈立泉等．科学通报，1987；32：412
[48] Piel H et al. IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 1991; MAG-27(2):854
[49] WangJ S, Wang S Yet al. ISEC'91, Glasgow UK, June 25-27, 1991:605
[50] Button T W, Alford N M. Appl Phys Lett, 1992; 60(11):1378
[51] Gao F et al. Appl phys Lett, 1993; 63(16): 2274
[52] Oales D E et al. IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 1991; MAG-27(2):867
[53] Holstein W L et al. IEEE Trans on Magnetics, 1991; MAG-27(2): 1568
[54] Wilker C et al. IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory Technology, 1991; MTT-39(9): 1462
[55] 王家素，王素玉．超导技术应用．成都：成都科技大学出版社，1995：204-218
[56] Shen Z -Yet al. IEEE Trans on Microwave Theory Technology, 1992; MTT-40: 2424
[57] Wu X D et al. Appl Phys Lett, 1995; 67:2937
[58] 顾茂章 张克潜 微波技术 电子工业出版社 1988
[59] 沈致远．高温超导微波电路．盛克敏，王素玉．国防工业出版社．2000：2 39～48
[60] Cooke, D. W., E. R. Gray, R. J. Hulton, B. Rusnak, E. A.Meyer, J. G. Beery, D. R. Brown, F. H. Garzon, I. D. Raistrick, A. D. Pollet, and R. Bolmaro,"Surface resistance of YBa2Cu307 films on SrTiO3 and LaGao3 substrates," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 55, 1989, pp. 914-916.
[61] 王素玉 高温超导谐振薄膜微波谐振腔物理问题的研究 中物院院外基金研究总结报告 1998．7
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