高层建筑三维消防档案场景生成技术的研究与实现
摘要
用三维立体的形式，表现高层建筑的结构、消防设施分布、疏散通道等，比以往的高层建筑消防档案采用的平面图或文字加图表的形式有整体性强、信息丰富、直观等不可比拟的优点。课题就是以此为目标研究和开发高层建筑计算机三维模型的快速生成系统。该系统能够跨操作系统平台，快速、交互、非编程的生成复杂的三维场景，从而为消防档案提供三维的机制。
本课题选用JAVA语言作为开发工具，使用JAVA 3D图形开发工具进行交互式三维场景生成的研究。该文工作是在课题组前期原型化的基础上展开的。作者的工作主要体现在以下四个方面：系统继续采用原型系统中的二维图(建筑物的俯视图)生成三维场景的方式，为了使系统更加实用化，增强了二维简图生成三维场景的功能，在二维图中用户不仅能够编辑建筑结构，还能加入消防设施和室内物体，确定初始观察位置，系统根据用户提供的初始观察位置自动生成三维场景；突出了Java3D浏览器设计的概念，利用Java3D中视平台的理念丰富了三维浏览器的功能，使其不仅具有各种漫游功能，还提供了用户在三维场景中直接查询物体信息的功能；为了便于用户对建筑的周边消防环境信息有所了解，作者完成了对周边环境二维生成系统的初步设计和实现；由于本课题生成的场景比较复杂，因此为了提高系统性能、加快渲染速度，作者提出使用LOD技术解决此问题。
Former high building's fire control file adopted mostly the mode of ichnography, text and chart. However it is more integrated and intuitional than 2D ichnography does if we use the mode of 3D to represent the high building's structure, fire protection establishment's distributing and evacuated channels. The target of the system is researching and impoldering how to make high building's 3D computer model quickly. The system can cross the operation plat and create 3D scene quickly and mutually and provide the 3D instrument for fire control.
The system uses JAVA language as programming tool, it makes use of JAVA 3D graphics exploitation tool to research how to make 3D scene mutually. Author inherits the thought of the antetype system and designs the system again. The following four points are the main contents of the study. The system keeps on taking the manner of using 2D ichnography to build 3D scene that is adopted by the antetype system. Users can edit the structure of a building, add fire control things and indoor objects and confirm observational position in the plan. The system creates 3D scene automatically according to the original observational position provided by users. The system emphasizes the concept of the browser's design based on Java3D and makes use of the conception of view platform in Java3D to rich the function of the 3D browser. The browser not only takes on the function of cruise scene but also makes user inquire about the basic information of an object in the 3D scene directly. Author accomplished the elementary design a
nd realization to make the 2D ichnography of high building's environment so that user can find out the circumambient situation of one building. Because the scene is comparatively complex, author used LOD technique to improve system's capability and mend romance velocity.
This studying has been chosen to become a longitudinal problem by Shenyang Science and Technology Institute recently.
本课题选用JAVA语言作为开发工具，使用JAVA 3D图形开发工具进行交互式三维场景生成的研究。该文工作是在课题组前期原型化的基础上展开的。作者的工作主要体现在以下四个方面：系统继续采用原型系统中的二维图(建筑物的俯视图)生成三维场景的方式，为了使系统更加实用化，增强了二维简图生成三维场景的功能，在二维图中用户不仅能够编辑建筑结构，还能加入消防设施和室内物体，确定初始观察位置，系统根据用户提供的初始观察位置自动生成三维场景；突出了Java3D浏览器设计的概念，利用Java3D中视平台的理念丰富了三维浏览器的功能，使其不仅具有各种漫游功能，还提供了用户在三维场景中直接查询物体信息的功能；为了便于用户对建筑的周边消防环境信息有所了解，作者完成了对周边环境二维生成系统的初步设计和实现；由于本课题生成的场景比较复杂，因此为了提高系统性能、加快渲染速度，作者提出使用LOD技术解决此问题。
Former high building's fire control file adopted mostly the mode of ichnography, text and chart. However it is more integrated and intuitional than 2D ichnography does if we use the mode of 3D to represent the high building's structure, fire protection establishment's distributing and evacuated channels. The target of the system is researching and impoldering how to make high building's 3D computer model quickly. The system can cross the operation plat and create 3D scene quickly and mutually and provide the 3D instrument for fire control.
The system uses JAVA language as programming tool, it makes use of JAVA 3D graphics exploitation tool to research how to make 3D scene mutually. Author inherits the thought of the antetype system and designs the system again. The following four points are the main contents of the study. The system keeps on taking the manner of using 2D ichnography to build 3D scene that is adopted by the antetype system. Users can edit the structure of a building, add fire control things and indoor objects and confirm observational position in the plan. The system creates 3D scene automatically according to the original observational position provided by users. The system emphasizes the concept of the browser's design based on Java3D and makes use of the conception of view platform in Java3D to rich the function of the 3D browser. The browser not only takes on the function of cruise scene but also makes user inquire about the basic information of an object in the 3D scene directly. Author accomplished the elementary design a
nd realization to make the 2D ichnography of high building's environment so that user can find out the circumambient situation of one building. Because the scene is comparatively complex, author used LOD technique to improve system's capability and mend romance velocity.
This studying has been chosen to become a longitudinal problem by Shenyang Science and Technology Institute recently.
引文
[1] 陈静勇，周来水．基于Java3D的虚拟现实建模方法．计算机应用研究．2002(5)：33～35．
[2] 李文锋，王琦，陈定方．虚拟设计环境建立与OpenGL和vrml的研究开发．工程图学学报．2000(2)：1～5．
[3] 吴艳梅，张广萍．用vrml实现虚拟实验室的设计方法．微型机与应用．2001(12)：37～39．
[4] 关沫，黄有群．交互式三维场景生成技术的研究与实现．沈阳工业大学学报．2001，23(1)：52～53．
[5] 伍祥生，王克宏．Internet上描述三维虚拟场景的Java3D API．中国图象图形学报．2001，3(7)：601～605．
[6] 罗宁，傅秀芬．Java 3D——Java语言的三维图形解决方案．现代计算机．2001，(5)：47～49．
[7] 龚建成，张佑生．基于JAVA的3D图形开发技术．安徽工程科技学院学报．2003，18(1)：57～61．
[8] 陈国军，叶飞跃，杨黎明．三维图形生成支撑环境综述．计算机应用研究．2001(5)：1～3．
[9] 张杰．JAVA3D交互式三维图形编程．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999．
[10] (美)Cay S. Horstmann, Gary Cornell. Java2核心技术 卷1：基础知识．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
[11] 刘修国，尚建嘎．三维场景浏览器的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用．2002，38(15)：117～120．
[12] 黄心渊．虚拟现实技术与应用．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[13] 吴涛．虚拟现实技术在建筑设计领域的应用．工程设计CAD与智能建筑．2002(2)：17～20．
[14] Harvey M. Deitel, Paul J. Deitel, Sean E. Santry. 高级Java 2大学教程．
北京：电子工业出版社，2003．
[15] 刘华伟，魏东，黄有群．确定VRML虚拟场景中视点参数的一个方法．沈阳工业大学学报．2003，25(1)：69～71．
[16] 柏丙军，宋小文，高斌，孙伟宁，胡树根．基于IGES的三维图形浏览器．计算机工程与应用．2002，38(10)：126～128．
[17] 淮永建，郝重阳．面向VR应用系统的Java3D API. 中国图象图形学报．2000，5(12)：1044～1048．
[18] 李建林．计算机在火灾事故调查中的应用．http://www.bjxfj.gov.cn/xiaofangxuanchuan, 2002-6-16.
[19] 张建志．浅谈高层建筑消防档案的作用及建档方法．http://www.jnl19.com/equip/tec/shownews.asp?id=69&ppath=undefined,2002-7-29.
[20] 罗宁．WWW上三维协作工具的研究及实现：学位论文．广东工业大学，2001．
[21] 费广正．三维复杂模型快速简化和交互方法的研究：学位论文．中国科学院软件研究所，2001．
[22] 罗合见．三维虚拟场景编辑系统研究与实现：学位论文．电子科技大学，2001．
[23] VR：员工培训新变革(一)．http://learning.21cn.com/guanli/qushi/2001-12-10/568173.html,2001-12-10.
[24] 钟家豪，陈沫．Java3D实现三维显示．http://www900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/java/l-java3d/Index.shtml.
[25] Java的垃圾收集(Garbage Collection)．http://gamespot.net.cn/developer/tech/story.
[26] 构筑数字化消防平台．http://pub.china-fire.com/pnews/article/548.html, 2002-12-17.
[27] AT-FIRE CONTROL—城市消防指挥控制系统解决方案．
http://www.adamgraphics.com/at-fire_b.php.
[28] The Java 3D White Paper. http://java.sun.com/product/java3D.
[29] Java3D Tutorial.http://java.sun.com/product/java-media/java3D.
[30] Bruno Caiado Luis Correia Joao Brisson Lope. NISVAS three-dimensional interactive visualization in java3d, ⅩⅣ Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing(SIBGRAPI2001),Florianopolis, Brazil, October 15～18, 2001.
[31] Vladimir Geroimenko Larissa Geroimenko. Visualising human Consciousness content using java3d/X3D and psychological techniques, IEEE International Conference on Information Visualisation(Ⅳ 2000), London, England, July 19～21, 2000.
[32] Chad F. Salisbury Steven D. Farr Jason A. Moore. Web-based simulation visualization using java3d, 1999 Winter Simulation Conference(WSC'99), vol. 2, Phoenix, AZ, USA, December5～8, 1999.
[33] Ball, D. Mirmehdi, M. A prototype Hotel Browsing system using java3d, Information Visualization, 1999. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference.
[34] Belousov, I. R. JiaCheng Tan. Teleoperation and java3d visualization of a robot manipulator over the World Wide Web, Information Visualization, 1999. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference.
[35] Chris Thorne. Java3D Performance Sutras.http://trapdoor.surak.com.au/~chris/home/java/j3d/PerformanceSutras.html.
[36] Christianson, B. K. Kimsey, A. J.. Comparison of Vega(trademark) And java3d (trademark) in a Virtual Environment Enclosure Master's thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA., 2000.
[37] Lihui Wang Brian Wong Weiming Shen Sherman Lang. A web-based collaborative workspace using java 3d, The 6th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work inDesign(CSCWD 2001), Ontario, Canada, July 12～14, 2001.
[38] Andreas Speck Herbert Klaeren. RobSiM: java 3d robot visualization,The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society(IECON'99), vol. 2, San Jose, California, USA, November 29-December 3; 1999.
[39] Bill Day. Advantages and disadvantages to java-to OpenGL bindings vs. the Java 3D API implementation from Sun. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-1999/jw-05-media.html.
[40] Richard Bukowski. Interactive Walkthrough Environments for Simulation. http://buffy.eecs.berkeley.edu/IRO/Summary/Olabstracts/bukowski.1.html,2002-11-2.
[41] Monica Pawlan. Reference Objects and Garbage Collection. http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/ALT/RefObj/,1998-8.
[2] 李文锋，王琦，陈定方．虚拟设计环境建立与OpenGL和vrml的研究开发．工程图学学报．2000(2)：1～5．
[3] 吴艳梅，张广萍．用vrml实现虚拟实验室的设计方法．微型机与应用．2001(12)：37～39．
[4] 关沫，黄有群．交互式三维场景生成技术的研究与实现．沈阳工业大学学报．2001，23(1)：52～53．
[5] 伍祥生，王克宏．Internet上描述三维虚拟场景的Java3D API．中国图象图形学报．2001，3(7)：601～605．
[6] 罗宁，傅秀芬．Java 3D——Java语言的三维图形解决方案．现代计算机．2001，(5)：47～49．
[7] 龚建成，张佑生．基于JAVA的3D图形开发技术．安徽工程科技学院学报．2003，18(1)：57～61．
[8] 陈国军，叶飞跃，杨黎明．三维图形生成支撑环境综述．计算机应用研究．2001(5)：1～3．
[9] 张杰．JAVA3D交互式三维图形编程．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999．
[10] (美)Cay S. Horstmann, Gary Cornell. Java2核心技术 卷1：基础知识．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
[11] 刘修国，尚建嘎．三维场景浏览器的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用．2002，38(15)：117～120．
[12] 黄心渊．虚拟现实技术与应用．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[13] 吴涛．虚拟现实技术在建筑设计领域的应用．工程设计CAD与智能建筑．2002(2)：17～20．
[14] Harvey M. Deitel, Paul J. Deitel, Sean E. Santry. 高级Java 2大学教程．
北京：电子工业出版社，2003．
[15] 刘华伟，魏东，黄有群．确定VRML虚拟场景中视点参数的一个方法．沈阳工业大学学报．2003，25(1)：69～71．
[16] 柏丙军，宋小文，高斌，孙伟宁，胡树根．基于IGES的三维图形浏览器．计算机工程与应用．2002，38(10)：126～128．
[17] 淮永建，郝重阳．面向VR应用系统的Java3D API. 中国图象图形学报．2000，5(12)：1044～1048．
[18] 李建林．计算机在火灾事故调查中的应用．http://www.bjxfj.gov.cn/xiaofangxuanchuan, 2002-6-16.
[19] 张建志．浅谈高层建筑消防档案的作用及建档方法．http://www.jnl19.com/equip/tec/shownews.asp?id=69&ppath=undefined,2002-7-29.
[20] 罗宁．WWW上三维协作工具的研究及实现：学位论文．广东工业大学，2001．
[21] 费广正．三维复杂模型快速简化和交互方法的研究：学位论文．中国科学院软件研究所，2001．
[22] 罗合见．三维虚拟场景编辑系统研究与实现：学位论文．电子科技大学，2001．
[23] VR：员工培训新变革(一)．http://learning.21cn.com/guanli/qushi/2001-12-10/568173.html,2001-12-10.
[24] 钟家豪，陈沫．Java3D实现三维显示．http://www900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/java/l-java3d/Index.shtml.
[25] Java的垃圾收集(Garbage Collection)．http://gamespot.net.cn/developer/tech/story.
[26] 构筑数字化消防平台．http://pub.china-fire.com/pnews/article/548.html, 2002-12-17.
[27] AT-FIRE CONTROL—城市消防指挥控制系统解决方案．
http://www.adamgraphics.com/at-fire_b.php.
[28] The Java 3D White Paper. http://java.sun.com/product/java3D.
[29] Java3D Tutorial.http://java.sun.com/product/java-media/java3D.
[30] Bruno Caiado Luis Correia Joao Brisson Lope. NISVAS three-dimensional interactive visualization in java3d, ⅩⅣ Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing(SIBGRAPI2001),Florianopolis, Brazil, October 15～18, 2001.
[31] Vladimir Geroimenko Larissa Geroimenko. Visualising human Consciousness content using java3d/X3D and psychological techniques, IEEE International Conference on Information Visualisation(Ⅳ 2000), London, England, July 19～21, 2000.
[32] Chad F. Salisbury Steven D. Farr Jason A. Moore. Web-based simulation visualization using java3d, 1999 Winter Simulation Conference(WSC'99), vol. 2, Phoenix, AZ, USA, December5～8, 1999.
[33] Ball, D. Mirmehdi, M. A prototype Hotel Browsing system using java3d, Information Visualization, 1999. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference.
[34] Belousov, I. R. JiaCheng Tan. Teleoperation and java3d visualization of a robot manipulator over the World Wide Web, Information Visualization, 1999. Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference.
[35] Chris Thorne. Java3D Performance Sutras.http://trapdoor.surak.com.au/~chris/home/java/j3d/PerformanceSutras.html.
[36] Christianson, B. K. Kimsey, A. J.. Comparison of Vega(trademark) And java3d (trademark) in a Virtual Environment Enclosure Master's thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA., 2000.
[37] Lihui Wang Brian Wong Weiming Shen Sherman Lang. A web-based collaborative workspace using java 3d, The 6th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work inDesign(CSCWD 2001), Ontario, Canada, July 12～14, 2001.
[38] Andreas Speck Herbert Klaeren. RobSiM: java 3d robot visualization,The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society(IECON'99), vol. 2, San Jose, California, USA, November 29-December 3; 1999.
[39] Bill Day. Advantages and disadvantages to java-to OpenGL bindings vs. the Java 3D API implementation from Sun. http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-05-1999/jw-05-media.html.
[40] Richard Bukowski. Interactive Walkthrough Environments for Simulation. http://buffy.eecs.berkeley.edu/IRO/Summary/Olabstracts/bukowski.1.html,2002-11-2.
[41] Monica Pawlan. Reference Objects and Garbage Collection. http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/ALT/RefObj/,1998-8.
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