沈阳风动工具厂库存管理问题研究
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摘要
库存管理是制造型企业生产运营管理的重要组成部分，加强库存控制是提高企业活力，降低企业生产成本，增强企业竞争力的有效手段。然而，在我国很多国有企业中，普遍存在着库存管理方法落后，库存积压严重等问题，从而造成企业库存成本居高不下，缺乏应对市场变化的能力。库存问题日益成为制约企业生存和发展的瓶颈。
本文针对沈阳风动工具厂库存管理中存在的问题，运用先进的库存管理思想和方法，加强企业的库存管理水平，增强企业的竞争力。
本文内容主要分为五个部分。第一部分为沈阳风动工具厂的基本情况介绍以及企业存在的主要问题。第二部分对企业的产成品、在制品和原材料库存管理中存在的问题做以详细的分析。第三部分针对企业产成品库存管理中的销售需求预测不准，生产批量制订不科学等问题，提出运用销售预测模型提高企业销售预测的准确性；引入经典的生产经济批量库存控制模型，并对主要的库存控制参数进行了计算，制订合理的生产批量。最后对改进的效果进行了经济效益分析。第四部分主要通过精益生产计划的编制，在制品的动态管理和控制，推行5S现场管理等科学方法，提高企业在制品的管理水平。第五部分是运用MRP的物料管理思想，结合企业的实际情况，通过加强企业的物资采购管理和仓库管理，解决原材料库存管理问题。
本文所作的工作并非纯理论研究，而是应用生产运作管理中相关理论去解决企业的实际问题。文中的库存管理方案和措施不仅对风动工具厂的库存管理有指导作用，也对其他类似企业具有参考和借鉴价值。
Inventory management is an important portion of production and operation management of manufacturing enterprises. Improving inventory control is an effective method to increase the energy of enterprises, reduce their operating cost, and strengthen their competences. In most of state-owned enterprises of China, there are some problem with outdated inventory method and heavy inventory, which lead to a high inventory cost and the lack of quick response to the change of market. The inventory management is becoming a bottleneck to the survival and development of enterprises.
According to inventory management of Shenyang Pneumatic Tools Factory, the advanced ideals and methods of inventory management are applied in this paper to strengthen the inventory management of enterprise and increase their competitiveness.
Five parts are included in this dissertation. The basic condition and its main problems of Shenyang Pneumatic Tools Factory are introduced in the first section. Then, a careful analysis is given in the second section according to the inventory management of finished products, unfinished products and raw materials. In the third part, according to the inaccurate prediction and ineffective method of inventory control, predicting model is put forward to improve the veracity of sale prediction. Referring to the classical model of inventory control of economical production quantity, the main parameters of inventory control are calculated to formulate the reasonable production quantity. Also, economical effect of the project is analyzed in this section. After that, advanced methods of planning management and field management are applied to improve the inventory management of unfinished product in the forth part. At last, material requirement planning and storeroom regulation are made to solve the problems of invent
ory management of raw materials in the fifth section.
The theories of production and operation management are applied in this paper to solve practical problems instead of a pure theoretical study. In the author' opinion, the inventory management projects of this dissertation will provide not only instructive function but also reference value for Shenyang Pneumatic Tools Factory and other
similar enterprises.
本文针对沈阳风动工具厂库存管理中存在的问题，运用先进的库存管理思想和方法，加强企业的库存管理水平，增强企业的竞争力。
本文内容主要分为五个部分。第一部分为沈阳风动工具厂的基本情况介绍以及企业存在的主要问题。第二部分对企业的产成品、在制品和原材料库存管理中存在的问题做以详细的分析。第三部分针对企业产成品库存管理中的销售需求预测不准，生产批量制订不科学等问题，提出运用销售预测模型提高企业销售预测的准确性；引入经典的生产经济批量库存控制模型，并对主要的库存控制参数进行了计算，制订合理的生产批量。最后对改进的效果进行了经济效益分析。第四部分主要通过精益生产计划的编制，在制品的动态管理和控制，推行5S现场管理等科学方法，提高企业在制品的管理水平。第五部分是运用MRP的物料管理思想，结合企业的实际情况，通过加强企业的物资采购管理和仓库管理，解决原材料库存管理问题。
本文所作的工作并非纯理论研究，而是应用生产运作管理中相关理论去解决企业的实际问题。文中的库存管理方案和措施不仅对风动工具厂的库存管理有指导作用，也对其他类似企业具有参考和借鉴价值。
Inventory management is an important portion of production and operation management of manufacturing enterprises. Improving inventory control is an effective method to increase the energy of enterprises, reduce their operating cost, and strengthen their competences. In most of state-owned enterprises of China, there are some problem with outdated inventory method and heavy inventory, which lead to a high inventory cost and the lack of quick response to the change of market. The inventory management is becoming a bottleneck to the survival and development of enterprises.
According to inventory management of Shenyang Pneumatic Tools Factory, the advanced ideals and methods of inventory management are applied in this paper to strengthen the inventory management of enterprise and increase their competitiveness.
Five parts are included in this dissertation. The basic condition and its main problems of Shenyang Pneumatic Tools Factory are introduced in the first section. Then, a careful analysis is given in the second section according to the inventory management of finished products, unfinished products and raw materials. In the third part, according to the inaccurate prediction and ineffective method of inventory control, predicting model is put forward to improve the veracity of sale prediction. Referring to the classical model of inventory control of economical production quantity, the main parameters of inventory control are calculated to formulate the reasonable production quantity. Also, economical effect of the project is analyzed in this section. After that, advanced methods of planning management and field management are applied to improve the inventory management of unfinished product in the forth part. At last, material requirement planning and storeroom regulation are made to solve the problems of invent
ory management of raw materials in the fifth section.
The theories of production and operation management are applied in this paper to solve practical problems instead of a pure theoretical study. In the author' opinion, the inventory management projects of this dissertation will provide not only instructive function but also reference value for Shenyang Pneumatic Tools Factory and other
similar enterprises.
引文
[1] 蒋贵善，王东华，俞明南．生产与运作管理(3)．大连：大连理工大学出版社，2001：148—154
[2] 翁心刚．物流管理基础．北京：中国物资出版社，2002：154-179
[3] 刘丽文．生产与运作管理(2)．北京：清华大学出版社，2002：195-221
[4] 崔平．现代生产管理．北京：机械工业出版社．2003：172-184
[5] [美] J．佩帕德 P．罗兰著．高俊山译．业务流程再造精要．北京：中信出版社，2003：71-72
[6] RichardB. Chase, NicholasJ. Aquilano, F. RobetJ. operation management for competitive advantage(9th Edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2002:513-517
[7] 甘华鸣．生产作业(下)．北京：中国国际广播出版社， 2002：429-431
[8] 赵启兰，刘宏志．生产计划与供应链中的库存管理．北京：电子工业出版社，2003：159-187
[9] 陈兵兵．供应链管理——策略、技术与务实．北京：电子工业出版社，2004：11-13
[10] Elwood G. Buffa, Rakesh K. Sarin. Production and Operation Management(8th Edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1993:245-256
[11] 李季．企业运营管理．北京：首都经济贸易大学出版社，2003：31-61
[12] 骆温平．物流与供应链管理．北京：电子工业出版社，2002：83-97
[13] 马连福．现代市场调查与预测．北京：首都经济贸易大学出版社，2002：284-291
[14] [美] 威廉J．史蒂文森著．张群，张杰译．生产与运作管理(12)．北京：机械工业出版社，2000：66-70
[15] 王世良．生产运作管理教程．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002：190-195
[16] 储雪俭．现代物流管理教程．上海：上海三联书店，2003： 323-372
[17] Jay Heizer ,Barry Render. Production and Operations Management(4thEdition). Prentice Hall, inc. 1996:342-346
[18] Norman Gaither .Production and Operations Management(7thEdition).Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1996:324-328
[19] 陈荣秋，马士华．生产与运作管理．北京：高等教育出版社，1999： 185-254，
[20] 闫培金，王成．企业物流内控精要．北京：中国经济出版社，2001：49-55
[21] 张仁侠．现代企业生产管理．北京：经济管理出版社，1997：129-240
[22] 沈小静．生产企业供应管理．北京：中国物资出版社，2002：41-73
[23] Christine Harland. Supply Chain Operational Performance Roles. Integrated Manufacturing System, Vol8. No2.1997.70-78
[24] 张启中．供应链管理与企业资源计划．北京：企业管理出版社，2001：41—45
[2] 翁心刚．物流管理基础．北京：中国物资出版社，2002：154-179
[3] 刘丽文．生产与运作管理(2)．北京：清华大学出版社，2002：195-221
[4] 崔平．现代生产管理．北京：机械工业出版社．2003：172-184
[5] [美] J．佩帕德 P．罗兰著．高俊山译．业务流程再造精要．北京：中信出版社，2003：71-72
[6] RichardB. Chase, NicholasJ. Aquilano, F. RobetJ. operation management for competitive advantage(9th Edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2002:513-517
[7] 甘华鸣．生产作业(下)．北京：中国国际广播出版社， 2002：429-431
[8] 赵启兰，刘宏志．生产计划与供应链中的库存管理．北京：电子工业出版社，2003：159-187
[9] 陈兵兵．供应链管理——策略、技术与务实．北京：电子工业出版社，2004：11-13
[10] Elwood G. Buffa, Rakesh K. Sarin. Production and Operation Management(8th Edition). McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1993:245-256
[11] 李季．企业运营管理．北京：首都经济贸易大学出版社，2003：31-61
[12] 骆温平．物流与供应链管理．北京：电子工业出版社，2002：83-97
[13] 马连福．现代市场调查与预测．北京：首都经济贸易大学出版社，2002：284-291
[14] [美] 威廉J．史蒂文森著．张群，张杰译．生产与运作管理(12)．北京：机械工业出版社，2000：66-70
[15] 王世良．生产运作管理教程．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2002：190-195
[16] 储雪俭．现代物流管理教程．上海：上海三联书店，2003： 323-372
[17] Jay Heizer ,Barry Render. Production and Operations Management(4thEdition). Prentice Hall, inc. 1996:342-346
[18] Norman Gaither .Production and Operations Management(7thEdition).Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1996:324-328
[19] 陈荣秋，马士华．生产与运作管理．北京：高等教育出版社，1999： 185-254，
[20] 闫培金，王成．企业物流内控精要．北京：中国经济出版社，2001：49-55
[21] 张仁侠．现代企业生产管理．北京：经济管理出版社，1997：129-240
[22] 沈小静．生产企业供应管理．北京：中国物资出版社，2002：41-73
[23] Christine Harland. Supply Chain Operational Performance Roles. Integrated Manufacturing System, Vol8. No2.1997.70-78
[24] 张启中．供应链管理与企业资源计划．北京：企业管理出版社，2001：41—45
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