“X性”结构探微
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摘要
本文探讨常见于书面语特别是政论语体和科技语体中的“X性”结构。文章立足于“小句中枢说"理论，采取“小三角”的研究思路，对“X性”结构进行动态的多角度研究。力争做到三个“充分”：观察充分、描写充分、解释充分。
全文分为五个部分：
引言：介绍“X性”结构的研究现状，指出宏观上标准的不统一导致了微观上判断的分歧。
一、从内部考察“X性”结构中的常量：“性”。这一部分主要把“性”与三个典型后缀进行比较，认定“性”是准后缀，再一一解决一系列双音节“X性”词语中“性”的归属问题。
二、从内部考察“X性”结构中的变量“X”。这一部分论述“X”进入“X性”结构槽将受到的三个方面的限制：语音限制、语义限制、语法限制，进而探讨进入“X性”结构槽的“X”必须具备的条件。
三、从外部考察“X性”结构入句后的语法特征、语义表现、语用价值。
四、结语：指出“X性”结构是现代汉语中客观存在的语法现象，由于它入句后在语法、语义、语用领域都有独特表现，所以“X性”结构在现代汉语中不仅扎稳了根，而且还根据实际需要源源不断地生产出一系列新的“X性”词语。
This thesis probes into the "X 性 "structure which is commonly used in written Chinese, especially in political style and science and technology style. Based on the theory of "small sentence centre", using the researching clue of the grammar theories of "small triangle" , the thesis carries on a multi-dimensional study on the structure of "X 性" , trying to give a sufficient observation, description and explanation.
The thesis is divided into 5 parts:Introduction: It introduces the current research on the structure of "X 性" ,and points out that the difference in macroscopic standards leads to the divergence of judge.
Chapter 1 : Investigating the constant "性in"X 性" structure from inner side. This part mainly compares " 性" with three typical suffixes, and considers that " 性 " is a para-suffix, and then solve the belonging of the "性" in series of disyllable "X性 "words.
Chapter 2: Investigating the variable "X" in " X 性 " structure. This part probes into three restrictions which comes from the course when "X" is entering "X 性" structure frame. They are pronunciation restriction, semantics restriction and grammar restriction. And it also probes into the necessary conditions for "X" to enter "X 性" structure frame.
Chapter 3: Investigating the expressions of "X 性"structure after its
entering sentences from outer side. This part carries on a multidimensional study on the grammar character, semantics expression and pragmatics value of " X性 " after its entering sentences.
Conclusion: Pointing out that "X 性" structure is an objective grammar reality in modern Chinese. It has its unique expression in grammar, semantics and pragmatics after its entering sentences. " X 性" structure is stable in modern Chinese now , and it is producing series of new " X性 " words continually according to realistic needs.
全文分为五个部分：
引言：介绍“X性”结构的研究现状，指出宏观上标准的不统一导致了微观上判断的分歧。
一、从内部考察“X性”结构中的常量：“性”。这一部分主要把“性”与三个典型后缀进行比较，认定“性”是准后缀，再一一解决一系列双音节“X性”词语中“性”的归属问题。
二、从内部考察“X性”结构中的变量“X”。这一部分论述“X”进入“X性”结构槽将受到的三个方面的限制：语音限制、语义限制、语法限制，进而探讨进入“X性”结构槽的“X”必须具备的条件。
三、从外部考察“X性”结构入句后的语法特征、语义表现、语用价值。
四、结语：指出“X性”结构是现代汉语中客观存在的语法现象，由于它入句后在语法、语义、语用领域都有独特表现，所以“X性”结构在现代汉语中不仅扎稳了根，而且还根据实际需要源源不断地生产出一系列新的“X性”词语。
This thesis probes into the "X 性 "structure which is commonly used in written Chinese, especially in political style and science and technology style. Based on the theory of "small sentence centre", using the researching clue of the grammar theories of "small triangle" , the thesis carries on a multi-dimensional study on the structure of "X 性" , trying to give a sufficient observation, description and explanation.
The thesis is divided into 5 parts:Introduction: It introduces the current research on the structure of "X 性" ,and points out that the difference in macroscopic standards leads to the divergence of judge.
Chapter 1 : Investigating the constant "性in"X 性" structure from inner side. This part mainly compares " 性" with three typical suffixes, and considers that " 性 " is a para-suffix, and then solve the belonging of the "性" in series of disyllable "X性 "words.
Chapter 2: Investigating the variable "X" in " X 性 " structure. This part probes into three restrictions which comes from the course when "X" is entering "X 性" structure frame. They are pronunciation restriction, semantics restriction and grammar restriction. And it also probes into the necessary conditions for "X" to enter "X 性" structure frame.
Chapter 3: Investigating the expressions of "X 性"structure after its
entering sentences from outer side. This part carries on a multidimensional study on the grammar character, semantics expression and pragmatics value of " X性 " after its entering sentences.
Conclusion: Pointing out that "X 性" structure is an objective grammar reality in modern Chinese. It has its unique expression in grammar, semantics and pragmatics after its entering sentences. " X 性" structure is stable in modern Chinese now , and it is producing series of new " X性 " words continually according to realistic needs.
引文
[1] 李美子．现代汉语词缀研究[J]．天津：天津师范大学，2001，(5)．
[2] 张寿康．构词法与构形法[M]．湖北：湖北人民出版社，1957．
[3] 丁声树．现代汉语语法讲话[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1961．
[4] 吕叔湘．汉语语法分析问题[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1979．
[5] 赵元任．汉语口语语法[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1979．
[6] 吕叔湘．现代汉语八百词[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1980．
[7] 王力．汉语史稿[M]．北京：中华书局，1980．
[8] 任学良．汉语造词法[M]．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1981．
[9] 朱德熙．语法讲义[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1982．
[10] 吴启主．现代汉语教程[M]．长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，1990．
[11] 胡裕树．现代汉语[M]．上海：上海教育出版社，1995．
[12] 马庆株．汉语语义语法范畴问题[M]．北京：北京语言文化大学出版社，1998．
[13] 徐国庆．现代汉语词汇系统论[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1999．
[14] 邢福义．现代汉语[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
[15] 汤志祥．当代汉语词语的共时状况及其嬗变[M]．上海：复旦大学出版社，2001
[16] 李菡幽．现代汉语词缀研究[J]．福建：福建师范大学，2001，(6)．
[17] 李美子．现代汉语词缀研究[J]．天津：天津师范大学，2001，(5)．
[18] 李美子．现代汉语词缀研究[J]．天津：天津师范大学，2001，(5)．
[19] 储泽祥，谢晓明．汉语语法化研究中应重视的若干问题[J]．世界汉语教学，2002(2)．
[20] 吕叔湘．现代汉语八百词[J]．北京：商务印书馆，1980．
[21] 邢福义．汉语语法学[M]．吉林：东北师范大学出版社，1996．
[22] 王珏．现代汉语名词研究[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2001．
[23] 邢福义．20世纪现代汉语语法八大家·邢福义选集[M]．吉林：东北师范大学出版社，2001．
[24] 储泽祥．名词及其相关结构研究[M]．长沙：湖南人民出版社，2000．
[2] 张寿康．构词法与构形法[M]．湖北：湖北人民出版社，1957．
[3] 丁声树．现代汉语语法讲话[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1961．
[4] 吕叔湘．汉语语法分析问题[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1979．
[5] 赵元任．汉语口语语法[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1979．
[6] 吕叔湘．现代汉语八百词[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1980．
[7] 王力．汉语史稿[M]．北京：中华书局，1980．
[8] 任学良．汉语造词法[M]．北京：中国社会科学出版社，1981．
[9] 朱德熙．语法讲义[M]．北京：商务印书馆，1982．
[10] 吴启主．现代汉语教程[M]．长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，1990．
[11] 胡裕树．现代汉语[M]．上海：上海教育出版社，1995．
[12] 马庆株．汉语语义语法范畴问题[M]．北京：北京语言文化大学出版社，1998．
[13] 徐国庆．现代汉语词汇系统论[M]．北京：北京大学出版社，1999．
[14] 邢福义．现代汉语[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
[15] 汤志祥．当代汉语词语的共时状况及其嬗变[M]．上海：复旦大学出版社，2001
[16] 李菡幽．现代汉语词缀研究[J]．福建：福建师范大学，2001，(6)．
[17] 李美子．现代汉语词缀研究[J]．天津：天津师范大学，2001，(5)．
[18] 李美子．现代汉语词缀研究[J]．天津：天津师范大学，2001，(5)．
[19] 储泽祥，谢晓明．汉语语法化研究中应重视的若干问题[J]．世界汉语教学，2002(2)．
[20] 吕叔湘．现代汉语八百词[J]．北京：商务印书馆，1980．
[21] 邢福义．汉语语法学[M]．吉林：东北师范大学出版社，1996．
[22] 王珏．现代汉语名词研究[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2001．
[23] 邢福义．20世纪现代汉语语法八大家·邢福义选集[M]．吉林：东北师范大学出版社，2001．
[24] 储泽祥．名词及其相关结构研究[M]．长沙：湖南人民出版社，2000．
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