西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”使用情况及其发展演变研究
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摘要
本文考察了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”的使用情况及其发展演变情况，重点讨论了“说类词”连用的语法现象，分析了它们连用的语法意义，探究了它们连用时中间插入其它成分的形成原因。特别是对“言”、“曰”这两个“说类词”的虚化现象从形成原因到发展演变作了深入的探讨，得出了初步结论。研究方法上，我们注意形式和意义、描写和解释、佛经语料和中土文献的有机结合。
本文分成四个部分。第一部分是引言，概述“说类词”的研究现状，提出选题意义，限定研究语料，交代研究语料的来源。第二、第三部分是正文部分。第二部分讨论了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”的使用情况。首先，对西晋以前汉译佛经中的“说类词”进行分类，对它们的使用频率进行统计；其次，分析了西晋以前汉译佛经中的“说类词”的连用情况；最后，对西晋以前汉译佛经中的“说类词”进行语法分析。第三部分考察了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”的发展演变。首先，分析了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”连用的形成原因；其次，讨论了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”之间插入成分的形成原因；最后，分析了西晋以前汉译佛经中“言”、“曰”语义虚化的原因。第四部分是文章的结语部分。
This text has observed the operating position and development of speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-Jin (西晋) Dynasty , discussed the grammar phenomena which speech verbs are used together especially and analysed the grammar meaning that they are used together, probed the forming reasons of inserting other compositions while they are used together. It has discussed especially the timiding phenomena of the speech verbs of "yan (言)" and "yue (曰)" from the forming reasons to development , and has drawn the preliminary conclusion. In research approaches, it pays attention to the organic integrations of forms and meanings, describing and explaining, Sutras language materials and Chinese documents.
This text is divided into four parts. The first part is the foreword ,summing up the research current situation of the speech verbs, putting forward the selected title meaning of this text, limiting the research language materials of this text,explaining the source of the studying language materials. The second and the third part are the main parts. The second part discusses the operating position of the speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin (西晋) Dynasty . First of all, it classifies the speech verbs of the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin.(西晋) Dynasty , and counts the frequency of utilization to them. Secondly, it analyses the situation of using together of the speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty.At last, it carries on the syntactic analysis of the speech verbs in Chinese - translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty . The third part discusses the development of the speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty . First of all, it analyses the forming reasons why the speech verbs are used together in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin (西晋) Dynasty . However, it discusses the forming reasons of inserting other compositions between the speech verbs in the
Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋)Dynasty. .At last, it analyses the timiding reasons of semanteme about the two of speech verbs of "yan(言)w and "yue(曰)" in Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty . The fourth part is the concluding speeches of the text.
本文分成四个部分。第一部分是引言，概述“说类词”的研究现状，提出选题意义，限定研究语料，交代研究语料的来源。第二、第三部分是正文部分。第二部分讨论了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”的使用情况。首先，对西晋以前汉译佛经中的“说类词”进行分类，对它们的使用频率进行统计；其次，分析了西晋以前汉译佛经中的“说类词”的连用情况；最后，对西晋以前汉译佛经中的“说类词”进行语法分析。第三部分考察了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”的发展演变。首先，分析了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”连用的形成原因；其次，讨论了西晋以前汉译佛经中“说类词”之间插入成分的形成原因；最后，分析了西晋以前汉译佛经中“言”、“曰”语义虚化的原因。第四部分是文章的结语部分。
This text has observed the operating position and development of speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-Jin (西晋) Dynasty , discussed the grammar phenomena which speech verbs are used together especially and analysed the grammar meaning that they are used together, probed the forming reasons of inserting other compositions while they are used together. It has discussed especially the timiding phenomena of the speech verbs of "yan (言)" and "yue (曰)" from the forming reasons to development , and has drawn the preliminary conclusion. In research approaches, it pays attention to the organic integrations of forms and meanings, describing and explaining, Sutras language materials and Chinese documents.
This text is divided into four parts. The first part is the foreword ,summing up the research current situation of the speech verbs, putting forward the selected title meaning of this text, limiting the research language materials of this text,explaining the source of the studying language materials. The second and the third part are the main parts. The second part discusses the operating position of the speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin (西晋) Dynasty . First of all, it classifies the speech verbs of the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin.(西晋) Dynasty , and counts the frequency of utilization to them. Secondly, it analyses the situation of using together of the speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty.At last, it carries on the syntactic analysis of the speech verbs in Chinese - translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty . The third part discusses the development of the speech verbs in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty . First of all, it analyses the forming reasons why the speech verbs are used together in the Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin (西晋) Dynasty . However, it discusses the forming reasons of inserting other compositions between the speech verbs in the
Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋)Dynasty. .At last, it analyses the timiding reasons of semanteme about the two of speech verbs of "yan(言)w and "yue(曰)" in Chinese-translated Sutras before the West-jin(西晋) Dynasty . The fourth part is the concluding speeches of the text.
引文
[1] 张相．诗词曲语辞汇释[M]．中华书局，1979．
[2] 王力．汉语史稿[M]．中华书局，1980．
[3] 吕叔湘．浙江省语言学会成立暨学术报告会上的讲话[C]，1980．
[4] 朱星．汉语词义简析[M]．湖北人民出版社，1981．
[5] 张永言．词汇学简论[M]．华中工学院出版社，1982．
[6] 潘允中．汉语语法史概要[M]．中州书画社，1982．
[7] 程湘清等．先秦汉语研究[M]．山东教育出版社，1982．
[8] 陈原．社会语言学[M]．学林出版社，1983．
[9] 汤用彤．汉魏两晋南北朝佛教史[M]．中华书局，1983．
[10] 丁福保．佛学大词典[M]．文物出版社，1984．
[11] 任继愈．中国佛教史[M]．中国社会科学出版社，1985．
[12] 郭在贻．训诂丛稿[M]．上海古籍出版社，1985．
[13] 蒋礼鸿．怀任斋文集[M]．上海古籍出版社，1986．
[14] 郭在贻．训诂学[M]．湖南人民出版社，1986．
[15] 蒋礼鸿．义府续貂[M]．中华书局，1987．
[16] 赵克勤．古汉语词汇概要[M]．浙江教育出版社，1987．
[17] 张中行．文言与白话[M]．黑龙江人民出版社，1987．
[18] 张曼涛．佛教与中国文化[M]．上海书店，1987．
[19] 江蓝生．魏晋南北朝小说词语汇释[M]．语文出版社，1988．
[20] 蒋礼鸿．敦煌变文字义通释[M]．上海古籍出版社，1988．
[21] 梁启超．佛学研究十八篇[M]．中华书局，1989．
[22] 潘允中．汉语词汇史概要[M]．上海古籍出版社，1989．
[23] 蒋绍愚．古汉语词汇纲要[M]．北京大学出版社，1989．
[24] 蔡镜浩．魏晋南北朝词语例释[M]．江苏古籍出版社，1990．
[25] 徐通锵．历史语言学[M]．商务印书馆，1991年．
[26] [日]太田辰夫．汉语史通考[M]．重庆出版社，1991．
[27] 张永言．语文学论集[M]．语文出版社，1992．
[28] 朱庆之．佛典与中古汉语词汇研究[M]．台湾文津出版社，1992．
[29] 柳士镇．魏晋南北朝历史语法[M]．南京大学出版社，1992．
[30] 李维琦．佛经释词[M]．岳麓书社，1993年
[31] 方一新、王云路．中古汉语读本[M]．吉林教育出版社，1993．
[32] 王凤阳．古词辨[M]．吉林文史出版社，1993．
[33] 蒋绍愚．近代汉语研究概况[M]．北京大学出版社，1994．
[34] 黄金贵．古代文化词义集类辨考[M]．上海教育出版社，1995．
[35] 符怀青．词义的分析和描写[M]．语文出版社，1996．
汉语词汇学史[M]．安徽教育出版社，1996．
[36] 李宗江．汉语常用词演变研究[M]．汉语大词典出版社，1999．
[37] 汪维辉．东晋-隋常用词演变研究[M]．南京大学出版社，2000．
[38] 汪维辉．汉语“说类词”的历时演变与共时分布[J]．中国语文，2003(4)．
[2] 王力．汉语史稿[M]．中华书局，1980．
[3] 吕叔湘．浙江省语言学会成立暨学术报告会上的讲话[C]，1980．
[4] 朱星．汉语词义简析[M]．湖北人民出版社，1981．
[5] 张永言．词汇学简论[M]．华中工学院出版社，1982．
[6] 潘允中．汉语语法史概要[M]．中州书画社，1982．
[7] 程湘清等．先秦汉语研究[M]．山东教育出版社，1982．
[8] 陈原．社会语言学[M]．学林出版社，1983．
[9] 汤用彤．汉魏两晋南北朝佛教史[M]．中华书局，1983．
[10] 丁福保．佛学大词典[M]．文物出版社，1984．
[11] 任继愈．中国佛教史[M]．中国社会科学出版社，1985．
[12] 郭在贻．训诂丛稿[M]．上海古籍出版社，1985．
[13] 蒋礼鸿．怀任斋文集[M]．上海古籍出版社，1986．
[14] 郭在贻．训诂学[M]．湖南人民出版社，1986．
[15] 蒋礼鸿．义府续貂[M]．中华书局，1987．
[16] 赵克勤．古汉语词汇概要[M]．浙江教育出版社，1987．
[17] 张中行．文言与白话[M]．黑龙江人民出版社，1987．
[18] 张曼涛．佛教与中国文化[M]．上海书店，1987．
[19] 江蓝生．魏晋南北朝小说词语汇释[M]．语文出版社，1988．
[20] 蒋礼鸿．敦煌变文字义通释[M]．上海古籍出版社，1988．
[21] 梁启超．佛学研究十八篇[M]．中华书局，1989．
[22] 潘允中．汉语词汇史概要[M]．上海古籍出版社，1989．
[23] 蒋绍愚．古汉语词汇纲要[M]．北京大学出版社，1989．
[24] 蔡镜浩．魏晋南北朝词语例释[M]．江苏古籍出版社，1990．
[25] 徐通锵．历史语言学[M]．商务印书馆，1991年．
[26] [日]太田辰夫．汉语史通考[M]．重庆出版社，1991．
[27] 张永言．语文学论集[M]．语文出版社，1992．
[28] 朱庆之．佛典与中古汉语词汇研究[M]．台湾文津出版社，1992．
[29] 柳士镇．魏晋南北朝历史语法[M]．南京大学出版社，1992．
[30] 李维琦．佛经释词[M]．岳麓书社，1993年
[31] 方一新、王云路．中古汉语读本[M]．吉林教育出版社，1993．
[32] 王凤阳．古词辨[M]．吉林文史出版社，1993．
[33] 蒋绍愚．近代汉语研究概况[M]．北京大学出版社，1994．
[34] 黄金贵．古代文化词义集类辨考[M]．上海教育出版社，1995．
[35] 符怀青．词义的分析和描写[M]．语文出版社，1996．
汉语词汇学史[M]．安徽教育出版社，1996．
[36] 李宗江．汉语常用词演变研究[M]．汉语大词典出版社，1999．
[37] 汪维辉．东晋-隋常用词演变研究[M]．南京大学出版社，2000．
[38] 汪维辉．汉语“说类词”的历时演变与共时分布[J]．中国语文，2003(4)．
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