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堤防纤维砂浆防渗料的试验研究及其有限元分析
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摘要
合理设计的防渗墙能有效地改善堤防工程的渗流状态,是最为有效的防渗处理方法。针对混凝土弹性模量大,作为防渗墙难以与堤身变形协调的缺点,提出了水泥砂浆中加入土和聚丙烯纤维以减少水泥用量,提高混合料的抗裂抗渗能力,研发了一种性能优异的新型防渗料。
     根据影响砂浆材料性能的因素,通过试验确定了基准砂浆的配比。通过对纤维砂浆性能的试验研究,揭示了聚丙烯纤维的改性性能,并探讨了聚丙烯纤维的抗裂、抗渗机理。
     为确定设置防渗墙后堤防稳定渗流场的特性,在介绍渗流控制基本内容和渗流计算方法的基础上,推导了渗流有限元计算方法;防渗墙的设置将对堤防应力应变产生影响,根据比奥固结理论,提出了考虑渗流效应和分级加载的土体变形有限元分析方法。通过对长江流域堤防标准断面的数值模拟分析,提出了纤维砂浆防渗料对于改善堤防工程渗流状态具有良好的效果;通过与刚性混凝土的对比分析,表明纤维砂浆防渗料改进了变形协调性。
     研究表明,纤维砂浆防渗料可以很好地截断渗透水流和控制堤防工程渗流状态,在与堤身协调变形方面也较刚性混凝土更具优势,可在堤防垂直防渗工程中推广使用。
The impermeable wall is the most efficient method to deal with leakage. The impermeable wall which is rational designed will improve the seepage state of levee projects effectively. In order to overcome the disadvantage of concrete, new type preventing seepage material has been developed by adding silt, clay and polypropylene into the mortar in this paper.
    We research the factors which would influence the properties of the mortar and get the mix ratio of the fiducial mortar through experiments, add the polypropylene fiber into the mortar and find the adding of polypropylene fiber would improve the properties of the material. Then we discuss the mechanics of the cracking-resistance of polypropylene fiber.
    In order to determine the character of seepage field when the seepage is stabilized after the impermeable wall is built, the basic knowledge of seepage control and methods of seepage calculation is introduced. The FEM is deduced. The location of impermeable wall will take effect on the stress-strain instance. Based on Biot's consolidation theory, the FEM of seepage effect and multi-stage preloading has been considered.
    Through the numerical simulation in standard cross section of Yangtze River area, it is validated that polypropylene mortar preventing seepage material will improve the seepage state of levee projects effectively. We know that the new material owns better deformation compatibility than concrete when we made soil deformation analysis.
    Research indicates that polypropylene mortar plays an important role in cutting off the seepage and controlling the seepage state. The fiber mortar will deform compatibly than concrete. This new type material should be widely used in levee construction in the future.
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