多级导叶式离心泵的内部流动及能量性能预测
摘要
在水力机械能量特性的研究中，计算机辅助设计工具变得越来越重要。特别是：用计算机辅助生成的流体动力学的计算结果(Computational Fluid Dynamic(CFD))越来越多地被水泵研究者所使用。一方面可以节省实验的资源，缩短新产品的研制时间；另一方面它可以显示不能从实验工具中得出的流动特性的细节。因此，该研究具有重要的理论及经济意义。
本文所作的主要工作有：首先利用Fluent前处理软件Gambit对MD40-6.3多级清水离心泵的叶轮与导叶进行建模，生成网格。接着，对模型进行了物理特性、边界条件及初使条件的定义，对流场进行了计算。然后，改变工况对流场重新进行模拟。最后，根据计算的数据预测了该多级清水离心泵一级的能量特性曲线，并与实验数据进行了比较。
本文的主要研究成果有：1、如何利用Gambit对离心泵叶轮与导叶进行三维造型以及建立三维实体模型时的一些成功做法。如：对建模的总体规划与具体规划采用何种模型，实体与虚体如何选择，网格生成技术与灯光煊染如何应用等。2、利用Fluent6.0软件对MD40-6.3多级泵的叶轮与导叶内部流场进行模拟，经数值模拟发现：(1)在小流量工况及设计参数工况下叶轮的进口附近有回流，这说明该多级泵的第一级叶轮采用了加大流量设计法。(2)叶轮出口附近存在一与叶轮旋转方向相反的二次流动特征，即轴向旋涡，但轴向旋涡在小流量工况及设计工况下较大，而在大流量工况下较小，轴向旋涡不明显，这和传统理论认为由于叶片有限(此时才有轴向旋涡)引起滑移量和工况无关不吻合，这一现象还需进一步深入研究。(3)由导叶的流场分布可以看出，从叶轮中收集到的液体实现了由速度能向压力能的转变，即速度流经扩散段逐渐减小，压力逐渐增大的变化趋势。但从反导叶出口的速度值可以看出此反导叶出口的速度不合适，并且在压力图上可以看到在出口区产生了一个低压区，应改变型线、轴向宽度或叶片厚度变化规律。3、预测了该多级泵一级的能量特性曲线。结果表明：在设计工况附近，预测值与实验值吻合较好，在其它工况点，特别是小流量工况点，误差较大。
In the R&D of hydraulic machinery computer-aided design tools become increasingly important to support the machine design and performance prediction. In particular, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)are more and more used by pump manufacturers. On one hand it is applied in order to save experimental resources and shorten the period of exploitation for new productions, on the other hand it is able to show detailed flow features, which are not assessable by experimental tools,so the research is very significant in theory and economy.
In the paper,at first, three-dimensinal modeling and meshing of the impeller and vaned diffuser through a centrifugal pump stage have been performed .and then Steady state computations of the flow in many working conditions have been done and the pressure and velocity distribution in multistage pump are obtained,so some opinions is given for improvementat last,we can get the performance curve,such as H-Q curve and -Q curve by collecting the data.
The main research production of the thesis is as follows: 1 , Some experiences are acquired about how to design the model and how to select the real object or virtual object and how to use meshing and lighting technics by modeling the impeller and vaned difruser.2, The pressure and velocity distribution in components of multistage pump such as inlet , outlet N blade , hub , cashing, meridional , spanwise. positive diffuser, diffusing and reversing diffuser are obtained: 1) There is reverse flow in inlet of impeller in the low and design working conditions that shows the method of increasing flux is taken.2)Circumfluence is observed outlet .That it is great in low and design working conditions is conflict with the traditional theory which considers the circumfluence is independent of the working conditions.3) Some opinions is given for improvement of designing the reverse diffuser such as redesigning the linetype,the width along with the axis or the thickness of blades and so on.3, We get the performance curve through a centrifugal pump stage by calculating.The comparison of the prediction with the experiment shows that the errors are low comparing with the experimental data at design condition,but the errors are high at other working conditions especially at low flux.
本文所作的主要工作有：首先利用Fluent前处理软件Gambit对MD40-6.3多级清水离心泵的叶轮与导叶进行建模，生成网格。接着，对模型进行了物理特性、边界条件及初使条件的定义，对流场进行了计算。然后，改变工况对流场重新进行模拟。最后，根据计算的数据预测了该多级清水离心泵一级的能量特性曲线，并与实验数据进行了比较。
本文的主要研究成果有：1、如何利用Gambit对离心泵叶轮与导叶进行三维造型以及建立三维实体模型时的一些成功做法。如：对建模的总体规划与具体规划采用何种模型，实体与虚体如何选择，网格生成技术与灯光煊染如何应用等。2、利用Fluent6.0软件对MD40-6.3多级泵的叶轮与导叶内部流场进行模拟，经数值模拟发现：(1)在小流量工况及设计参数工况下叶轮的进口附近有回流，这说明该多级泵的第一级叶轮采用了加大流量设计法。(2)叶轮出口附近存在一与叶轮旋转方向相反的二次流动特征，即轴向旋涡，但轴向旋涡在小流量工况及设计工况下较大，而在大流量工况下较小，轴向旋涡不明显，这和传统理论认为由于叶片有限(此时才有轴向旋涡)引起滑移量和工况无关不吻合，这一现象还需进一步深入研究。(3)由导叶的流场分布可以看出，从叶轮中收集到的液体实现了由速度能向压力能的转变，即速度流经扩散段逐渐减小，压力逐渐增大的变化趋势。但从反导叶出口的速度值可以看出此反导叶出口的速度不合适，并且在压力图上可以看到在出口区产生了一个低压区，应改变型线、轴向宽度或叶片厚度变化规律。3、预测了该多级泵一级的能量特性曲线。结果表明：在设计工况附近，预测值与实验值吻合较好，在其它工况点，特别是小流量工况点，误差较大。
In the R&D of hydraulic machinery computer-aided design tools become increasingly important to support the machine design and performance prediction. In particular, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)are more and more used by pump manufacturers. On one hand it is applied in order to save experimental resources and shorten the period of exploitation for new productions, on the other hand it is able to show detailed flow features, which are not assessable by experimental tools,so the research is very significant in theory and economy.
In the paper,at first, three-dimensinal modeling and meshing of the impeller and vaned diffuser through a centrifugal pump stage have been performed .and then Steady state computations of the flow in many working conditions have been done and the pressure and velocity distribution in multistage pump are obtained,so some opinions is given for improvementat last,we can get the performance curve,such as H-Q curve and -Q curve by collecting the data.
The main research production of the thesis is as follows: 1 , Some experiences are acquired about how to design the model and how to select the real object or virtual object and how to use meshing and lighting technics by modeling the impeller and vaned difruser.2, The pressure and velocity distribution in components of multistage pump such as inlet , outlet N blade , hub , cashing, meridional , spanwise. positive diffuser, diffusing and reversing diffuser are obtained: 1) There is reverse flow in inlet of impeller in the low and design working conditions that shows the method of increasing flux is taken.2)Circumfluence is observed outlet .That it is great in low and design working conditions is conflict with the traditional theory which considers the circumfluence is independent of the working conditions.3) Some opinions is given for improvement of designing the reverse diffuser such as redesigning the linetype,the width along with the axis or the thickness of blades and so on.3, We get the performance curve through a centrifugal pump stage by calculating.The comparison of the prediction with the experiment shows that the errors are low comparing with the experimental data at design condition,but the errors are high at other working conditions especially at low flux.
引文
1 袁卫星，张克危等．离心泵性能预测．水泵技术，1991(2)：9-14
2 郭自杰，王仕扬．B型离心泵的性能预测．水泵技术，1982(2)：37-40
3 T E Stirling . Analysis of the Design of Two Pumps Using NEL Methods . ImechE 1982 C182/32
4 Kurokawa J, Jing J. Performance Prediction of Centrifugal Impeller and Scale Effects . Proc. IAHR-Beijing 89 Symposium (1989-5):56-67
5 Kurokawa, J., "Prediction of Outlet Flow Characteristics of Centrifugal Impeller" , Bulletin of JSME, Vol. 28, NO.241.
6 Kurokawa J. Operating Problem of Pump Stations and Power Plants. IAHR 1982
7 B. P.M. Van Esch 和 N.P. Kruyt Hydraulic Performance of a Mixed-Flow Pomp:Unsteady Inviscid Computations and Loss Models ,Transactions of the ASME, vol. 123, JUJNE 2001
8 陈池、袁寿其、金树德．离心泵叶轮内流计算方法综述．流体机械，1999，2(27)
9 朱卫华王晓东等旋转喷射泵叶轮内部三维紊流计算与效率预估流体机械论文集
10 Inoue, Y, Kimura, S, Ono, B, and Harada, I Some Performance Predictions for Volute-type Mixed-flow Pump Using CFD, the 7th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery, October 7-10,2003, Fukuoka, Japan
11 Kurokawa, J., and Jing, J.,"Inlet and Outlet Flow Characteristics of Mixed-Flow Pumps in Whole Discharge Range", Proc 3rd JSME-KSME Fluid Engineering Conf. (Sendial, Japan). (1994-7, to be issued).
12 朱海燕，陈明德等．叶片泵螺壳式压出室内流动损失的分析计算．流体机械，1998，26(2)：23-25
13 Kurokawa, J., and Toyokura, T., "Study on Axial Thrust of Radial Flow Turbomachinery", Proc. 2nd JSME Sympo, (Tokyo),Vol. 1(1972),P31.
14 陈池袁寿其低比速离心泵的现状与展望流体机械1998，27(7)
15 Kurokawa J. The theoretical Determinations of Flow Characteritics in Volutes. Symp, 1980, IAHR.
16 郭莉张克危等．叶片泵CAD软件系统的逻辑模型．水泵技术。1996．3
17 史宏超李意民．离心泵进口回流及其控制的研究．水泵技术。2000．3
18 Kurokawa ,Jie JIANGand Takaya KITAHORA Inlet Reverse-Flow Model and Prediction of Theoretical Head and Water Power of Mixed-Flow Pumps ,JSME International Journal ,Series B, Vol. 37. No. 4,1994
19 杨军虎张仁会王春龙蜗壳式离心泵的性能预测，2002流体机械技术论文集流体机械杂志社2002，433-436
20 Kurokawa J. Simple Formulae for Volumertic Efficiency and Mechanical Efficiency of Hydraulic Machinery. Proc. 3rd Japan-China Joint Conf. On Fluid Machinery (Osaka), 1990, Vol.1:101-108.
21 袁寿其 陈池等 无过载离心泵叶轮内三维不可压湍流场计算机械工程学报，2000．5
22 Schilling and Skoda Numerical and Experimental Investigations on a Centrifugal Pump Stage With and Without a Vaned Diffuser:Numerical Part ,Hydraulic Machinery and Systems 20th IAHR Symposium
23 Tamm and Stoffel Analysis of a Standard Pump in Reverse Operation Using CFD, Hydraulic Machinery and Systems 20thIAHR Symposium
24 李海峰，穆忠波等半开式离心泵叶轮内三维紊流的数值模拟。水泵技术，2001．1，总第137期
25 Goede, E., Sebestyen, A., Schachenmann, A., Navier-Stokes Flow Analysis for a Pump Impeller. Proc. of the 16th IAAR Sypm:513-523, 1992.
26 关醒凡编．泵的理论与设计，机械工业出版社．1987年
27 杨军虎张学静离心泵的性能预测进展，通用机械，2003．12：48—51
2 郭自杰，王仕扬．B型离心泵的性能预测．水泵技术，1982(2)：37-40
3 T E Stirling . Analysis of the Design of Two Pumps Using NEL Methods . ImechE 1982 C182/32
4 Kurokawa J, Jing J. Performance Prediction of Centrifugal Impeller and Scale Effects . Proc. IAHR-Beijing 89 Symposium (1989-5):56-67
5 Kurokawa, J., "Prediction of Outlet Flow Characteristics of Centrifugal Impeller" , Bulletin of JSME, Vol. 28, NO.241.
6 Kurokawa J. Operating Problem of Pump Stations and Power Plants. IAHR 1982
7 B. P.M. Van Esch 和 N.P. Kruyt Hydraulic Performance of a Mixed-Flow Pomp:Unsteady Inviscid Computations and Loss Models ,Transactions of the ASME, vol. 123, JUJNE 2001
8 陈池、袁寿其、金树德．离心泵叶轮内流计算方法综述．流体机械，1999，2(27)
9 朱卫华王晓东等旋转喷射泵叶轮内部三维紊流计算与效率预估流体机械论文集
10 Inoue, Y, Kimura, S, Ono, B, and Harada, I Some Performance Predictions for Volute-type Mixed-flow Pump Using CFD, the 7th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery, October 7-10,2003, Fukuoka, Japan
11 Kurokawa, J., and Jing, J.,"Inlet and Outlet Flow Characteristics of Mixed-Flow Pumps in Whole Discharge Range", Proc 3rd JSME-KSME Fluid Engineering Conf. (Sendial, Japan). (1994-7, to be issued).
12 朱海燕，陈明德等．叶片泵螺壳式压出室内流动损失的分析计算．流体机械，1998，26(2)：23-25
13 Kurokawa, J., and Toyokura, T., "Study on Axial Thrust of Radial Flow Turbomachinery", Proc. 2nd JSME Sympo, (Tokyo),Vol. 1(1972),P31.
14 陈池袁寿其低比速离心泵的现状与展望流体机械1998，27(7)
15 Kurokawa J. The theoretical Determinations of Flow Characteritics in Volutes. Symp, 1980, IAHR.
16 郭莉张克危等．叶片泵CAD软件系统的逻辑模型．水泵技术。1996．3
17 史宏超李意民．离心泵进口回流及其控制的研究．水泵技术。2000．3
18 Kurokawa ,Jie JIANGand Takaya KITAHORA Inlet Reverse-Flow Model and Prediction of Theoretical Head and Water Power of Mixed-Flow Pumps ,JSME International Journal ,Series B, Vol. 37. No. 4,1994
19 杨军虎张仁会王春龙蜗壳式离心泵的性能预测，2002流体机械技术论文集流体机械杂志社2002，433-436
20 Kurokawa J. Simple Formulae for Volumertic Efficiency and Mechanical Efficiency of Hydraulic Machinery. Proc. 3rd Japan-China Joint Conf. On Fluid Machinery (Osaka), 1990, Vol.1:101-108.
21 袁寿其 陈池等 无过载离心泵叶轮内三维不可压湍流场计算机械工程学报，2000．5
22 Schilling and Skoda Numerical and Experimental Investigations on a Centrifugal Pump Stage With and Without a Vaned Diffuser:Numerical Part ,Hydraulic Machinery and Systems 20th IAHR Symposium
23 Tamm and Stoffel Analysis of a Standard Pump in Reverse Operation Using CFD, Hydraulic Machinery and Systems 20thIAHR Symposium
24 李海峰，穆忠波等半开式离心泵叶轮内三维紊流的数值模拟。水泵技术，2001．1，总第137期
25 Goede, E., Sebestyen, A., Schachenmann, A., Navier-Stokes Flow Analysis for a Pump Impeller. Proc. of the 16th IAAR Sypm:513-523, 1992.
26 关醒凡编．泵的理论与设计，机械工业出版社．1987年
27 杨军虎张学静离心泵的性能预测进展，通用机械，2003．12：48—51
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