利用重力信号研究地球自转变化
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摘要
本文第一章介绍了地球自转变化的研究方法和各种观测手段，详细说明了超导重力观测的原理。
第二章首先介绍了角动量平衡方程和激发函数的构成，然后详细论述了大气，水和日月引力对极移的激发原理。
第三章详细论述了弹性地球在引潮力和极移作用下的重力场扰动和形变特征。
第四章论述了超导重力观测的预处理方法和过程，介绍了利用自回归模型进行谱估计的原理，利用该方法计算了四个台站的谱估计和积谱估计结果，最后计算了弹性地球对极移的响应的振幅因子和相位差。
最后得出结果的表明极移导致的重力效应的主要能量集中在Chandler摆动和周年项附近，叠积后，根据重力观测估算Chandler和周年信号的周期与由国际地球自转服务中心提供的台站座标参数解算的相应理论值之间的差异分别为0.4％和3.9％。这说明超导重力仪观测可有效检测到极移导致的重力变化。地球对Chandler周期响应的振幅因子和相位差的计算结果分别为1.1613(±0.0275)和-1.30(±1.33)，而周年极移由于其它具有周年特征的因素的干扰使结果不太理想。
In chapter 1 of this paper, the research methods and some measurement technologies for the variations of earth's rotation are simply introduced. The working principle of a superconducting gravimeter (SG) is described in detail.
In chapter 2, the angular momentum equation and excitation function are introduced firstly; then the polar motion excitation from atmosphere, water and gravitation of the sun and moon is discussed.
In chapter 3, the characteristics of the Earth's deformation and perturbation in gravity potential the under tidal gravity and polar motion are presented.
In chapter 4, we present the preprocessing methods of the SG recordings. The power spectra and product spectra density of gravity data sets from four SG stations are calculated by using the auto-regression model. Finally, the amplitude factor and phase difference, parameters describing the Earth's deformation response to the perturbations of the centrifugal forces arising from polar motion, at Chandler period are accurately retrieved.
The results indicate that main energy of gravity caused by polar motion is concentrated near the Chandler and annual periods. After stacking, the difference of the periods, evaluated from the SG data and from the polar motion data provided by the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS), is about 0.4% for the Chandler signals, and about 3.9% for the annual signals. It implies that SG observations can detect effectively the gravity change caused by polar motion. The gravimetric parameters of the Chandler wobble are accurately retrieved as 1.1613 (?. 0275) for amplitude factor, and -1.30 ( 1. 33) for phase differences. However, the results of annual polar motion are not acceptable because of the effects from the other global annual perturbations.
第二章首先介绍了角动量平衡方程和激发函数的构成，然后详细论述了大气，水和日月引力对极移的激发原理。
第三章详细论述了弹性地球在引潮力和极移作用下的重力场扰动和形变特征。
第四章论述了超导重力观测的预处理方法和过程，介绍了利用自回归模型进行谱估计的原理，利用该方法计算了四个台站的谱估计和积谱估计结果，最后计算了弹性地球对极移的响应的振幅因子和相位差。
最后得出结果的表明极移导致的重力效应的主要能量集中在Chandler摆动和周年项附近，叠积后，根据重力观测估算Chandler和周年信号的周期与由国际地球自转服务中心提供的台站座标参数解算的相应理论值之间的差异分别为0.4％和3.9％。这说明超导重力仪观测可有效检测到极移导致的重力变化。地球对Chandler周期响应的振幅因子和相位差的计算结果分别为1.1613(±0.0275)和-1.30(±1.33)，而周年极移由于其它具有周年特征的因素的干扰使结果不太理想。
In chapter 1 of this paper, the research methods and some measurement technologies for the variations of earth's rotation are simply introduced. The working principle of a superconducting gravimeter (SG) is described in detail.
In chapter 2, the angular momentum equation and excitation function are introduced firstly; then the polar motion excitation from atmosphere, water and gravitation of the sun and moon is discussed.
In chapter 3, the characteristics of the Earth's deformation and perturbation in gravity potential the under tidal gravity and polar motion are presented.
In chapter 4, we present the preprocessing methods of the SG recordings. The power spectra and product spectra density of gravity data sets from four SG stations are calculated by using the auto-regression model. Finally, the amplitude factor and phase difference, parameters describing the Earth's deformation response to the perturbations of the centrifugal forces arising from polar motion, at Chandler period are accurately retrieved.
The results indicate that main energy of gravity caused by polar motion is concentrated near the Chandler and annual periods. After stacking, the difference of the periods, evaluated from the SG data and from the polar motion data provided by the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS), is about 0.4% for the Chandler signals, and about 3.9% for the annual signals. It implies that SG observations can detect effectively the gravity change caused by polar motion. The gravimetric parameters of the Chandler wobble are accurately retrieved as 1.1613 (?. 0275) for amplitude factor, and -1.30 ( 1. 33) for phase differences. However, the results of annual polar motion are not acceptable because of the effects from the other global annual perturbations.
引文
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陈剑利．1993．全球水分布对极移的激发-综述与基本理论．天文学进展
陈俊勇．1991．地面参照系的现代定向理论和地球自转运动．北京：测绘出版社
陈俊勇．1988．地面参照系定向理论基础．北京：测绘出版社
陈晓东，孙和平．2002．一种新的重力潮汐数据预处理和分析方法．大地测量与地球动力学．22(3)：83-87
丁月蓉．郑大伟．1990．天文测量数据的处理方法．南京：南京大学出版社
方俊．1984．固体潮．北京：科学出版社
高布锡，雷小平．2001．极移和激发的研究．天文学进展
高布锡．1997．天文地球动力学原理．北京：科学出版社
顾震年．1995．极移的半年震荡和大气激发的贡献．上海天文台年刊
顾震年，王广利．1997．大气激发和观测极移之间的转换变化分析．云南天文台台刊
管泽霖，宁津生．1993．地球形状及外部重力场．北京：测绘出版社
郭俊义．2001．地球物理学基础．北京：测绘出版社
郭俊义．2000．同时顾及章动和极移的地球自转方程．武汉测绘科技大学学报，25(5)
胡广书．1997．数字信号处理—理论，算法与实现．北京：清华大学出版社
菊地直吉．1971．Annual and yearly variations of the atmospheric pressure and the Earth's rotation．纬度观测所汇报，第十一号
柯熙政，李孝辉，邓方林．2001．极移振幅和相位的时频统计分析．天文学报，42(1)
雷小平，高布锡．1992．水分布激发与周年极移．天文学报，33(1)
李国营，彭龙辉，许厚泽．1996．自转微椭、非均匀地球的潮汐变形．地球物理学报．39(5)：672-278
李国营，汪汉胜，彭龙辉．1996．基于PREM模型的地球椭率及—二阶导数沿径向的分布．测绘学报．25(3)：195-200
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