实时中间件优先级调度机制的研究
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摘要
随着分布式实时系统应用的日益广泛，不同时间约束实时任务并存的情况给系统的调度机制带来了新的需求和挑战；而目前主要的实时中间件的调度模型针对性较强，不适用于这种情况。本文在对实时中间件及相关调度理论进行研究的基础上，对TAO系统的调度服务进行了扩展和改进，实现了一个实时CORBA的集成调度服务模型。在该模型中，对硬实时周期性任务集进行离线调度以满足其可调度性保证：给动态到达的软实时非周期性任务分配一个截止期，提高其响应性能，同时通过在线可调度性分析保证周期性任务的可调度性不受影响；集成调度服务模型在可调度性分析中还考虑了任务之间共享临界区资源的情况，采用优先级上限协议对访问临界区引起的阻塞进行了定界分析。通过区别对待不同时间约束的实时任务，集成调度服务模型将静态的离线调度和动态的在线调度结合了起来，满足了系统中不同类型实时任务的调度需求。
攻硕期间发表学术论文
1．朱跃龙，孔令君，WLAN系统中WEP加密的安全性分析及改进，计算机与现代化，103：70—72，2004
As the application of distributed real-time systems is becoming more and more popular, the scheduling mechanism faces new requirements and challenges because of the coexistence of different kinds of time-constraint tasks. To date, available real-time middleware scheduling modals aim at some aspect of scheduling and do not apply to this problem. Based on the research into real-time middleware and relative scheduling theoretic, this thesis implements a Real-Time CORBA Integrated Scheduling Service modal, by extending the scheduling service of TAO. In the Integrated Scheduling Service, hard periodic tasks are scheduled off-line to meet their real-time requirements, and each soft aperiodic task request is assigned a suitable deadline to enhance the aperiodic responsiveness. Scheduling guarantees of hard periodic tasks are preserved through the on-line schedulability analysis. The sharing of critical section resources between the tasks is also considered in the Integrated Scheduling Service's schedulability analysis, and bounded blocking for accessing the critical section resource is achieved by introducing the Priority Ceiling Protocol. By treating tasks differently according to their time constraints, the static off-line scheduling and the dynamic on-line scheduling are integrated, and the scheduling requirements are satisfied.
攻硕期间发表学术论文
1．朱跃龙，孔令君，WLAN系统中WEP加密的安全性分析及改进，计算机与现代化，103：70—72，2004
As the application of distributed real-time systems is becoming more and more popular, the scheduling mechanism faces new requirements and challenges because of the coexistence of different kinds of time-constraint tasks. To date, available real-time middleware scheduling modals aim at some aspect of scheduling and do not apply to this problem. Based on the research into real-time middleware and relative scheduling theoretic, this thesis implements a Real-Time CORBA Integrated Scheduling Service modal, by extending the scheduling service of TAO. In the Integrated Scheduling Service, hard periodic tasks are scheduled off-line to meet their real-time requirements, and each soft aperiodic task request is assigned a suitable deadline to enhance the aperiodic responsiveness. Scheduling guarantees of hard periodic tasks are preserved through the on-line schedulability analysis. The sharing of critical section resources between the tasks is also considered in the Integrated Scheduling Service's schedulability analysis, and bounded blocking for accessing the critical section resource is achieved by introducing the Priority Ceiling Protocol. By treating tasks differently according to their time constraints, the static off-line scheduling and the dynamic on-line scheduling are integrated, and the scheduling requirements are satisfied.
引文
[1]Liu JWS, Real-Time Systems. Upper Saddle River:. Prentice Hall, 2000
[2]Giuseppe Lipari, Giorgio Buttazzo, Schedulability Analysis of Periodic and Aperiodic Tasks with Resource Conwaints, Journal of System Architecture, 2000
[3]LockeCD.Fundamentals of real-time presentation[R]. OMG Document: realtime/980503, 1998
[4]G Li, Supporting Distributed Real-Time Computing, PhD thesis, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, Technical Report 322, August 1993
[5]Object Management Group, The Common Object Request Broker Architecture and Specification 3.0 edition, 2002
[6]Guangxing Li, Dave Otway, An Open Architecture for Real-Time Processing, ANSA Phase 3 Project Report APM. 1270.02, Oct. 1994
[7]骆志刚，杨思忠，刘锦德，面向实时应用的中间件，计算机科学，2001年6月
[8]骆志刚，刘锦德，面向实时应用的中间件实现研究，小型微型计算机系统，2000年5月
[9]Object Management Group, Real-time CORBA, OMG Document orbos/99-02-12 ed., March 1999
[10]Object Management Group, Real-Time CORBA Specification version 2.0, formal/03-11-01,November 2003
[11]The Real-Time for Java Expert Group, The Real-Time Specification for Java, 2000
[12]D C Schmidt, D L Levine, S Mungee, The design of the TAO Real-Time Object Request Broker[J]. Computer Communications Special Issue on Building Quality of Service into Distributed Systems, Elsevier Science, April 1998
[13]G Cooper, et al. Real-Time CORBA development at MITRE, NRaD, tripacific and URl[A]. in proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real-Time Systems and Services [C]. San Francisco, CA, 1997
[14]C. Liu and J. Layland, Scheduling Algorithms for Mulfiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment, JACM, vol. 20, pp. 46-61, January 1973.
[15]N.C. Audsley, A. Bums, M. Richardson, K. Tindell and A. Wellings, Applying New Scheduling Theory to Static Priority Preemptive Scheduling, Software Engineering Journal,September 1993
[16]K. Ramamritham, Allocation and scheduling of complex periodic tasks, In 10th Int. Conf. On Distributed Computing Systems, 1990
[17]J.P. Lehoczky, L. Sba, and J.K. Strosnider, Enhanced Aperiodic Responsiveness in Hard Real-Tune Enviromnents, Proceedings of IEEE Real-Tune system Symposinm,1987
[18]M. Spuri and G.C. Buttazzo, Efficient Aperiodic Service under Earliest Deadline Scheduling,Proceedings of IEEE Real-Time system Symposium, December 1994
[19]J.A. Stankovic, K. Ramamritham, and S.C. Cheng, Evaluation of a flexible task scheduling algorithm for distributed hard real-time systems, IEEE Transactions on computers, December 1985
[20]M.Spuri and G.C. Buttazzo, Scheduling Aperiodic Tasks in dynamic Priority Systems,Real-Time Systems, 10(2), 1996
[21]H. Konpetz, A. Dm-mn, Ch. Koza, M. Mulazzani, W. Schwabl, Ch. Senft, and R. Zainlinger, Distributed fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems: The MARS Approach, ACM Operating System Review, Vol. 23, July 1989
[22]G Fohler, Joint Scheduling of Distributed Complex Periodic and Hard Aperiodic Tasks in Statically Scheduled Systems, Proceedings of IEEE Real-Time system symposium, December 1995
[23]Christopher D. Gill, David L. Levine, and Douglas C. Schmidt, The Design and Performance of a Real-Time CORBA Scheduling Service, Real-Time Systems, The International Journal of Time-Critical Computing Systems, special issue on Real-Time Middleware, vol. 20, March 2001.
[24]L. Dipippo, V. E Wolfe, A Scheduling Service for a Dynamic Real-Time CORBA System, Proceedings of the 20nd Annual International Computer Software and Application Conference, August 1998
[25]W. Feng, U. Syyid, J.S. Lin, Providing for an Open, Real-Time CORBA, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real-Time Systems and Services, IEEE., December 1997.
[26]Schmidt D C, Kuhns F, An overview of real-time CORBA specification[J], IEEE Computer,2000,33(6):56-63
[27]D. C. Schmidt, D. L. Levine, and S. Mungee, The Design and Performance of Real-Time Object Request Brokers, Computer Communications, vol. 21, pp. 294—324, Apr. 1998.
[28]D. B. Stewart and P. K. Khosla, Real-Time Scheduling of Sensor-Based Control Systems, in Real-Time Programming (W. Halang and K. Ramamritham, eds.), Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon Press, 1992.
[29]C. M. Krishna, Kang G Shin, Real-Time Systems, the McGraw-Hill companies, Inc. 1997
[30]http://www.cs.wustl.edu/～schrnidtIrAO.html, 访问时间：2003年10
[31]Timothy H. Harrison, Carlos O'Ryan, David L. Levine, and Douglas C. Schmidt, The Design and Performance of a Real-Time CORBA Event Service, In Proceedings of OOPSLA '97.ACM, 1997
[32]D. C. Schmidt, R. Bector, D. Levine, S. Mungee, and G. Parulkar, An ORB Endsystem Architecture for Statically Scheduled Real-time Applications, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real-Time Systems and Services, (San Francisco, CA), IEEE., December 1997.
[33]D. C. Schmidt and T. Suda, An Object-Oriented Framework for Dynamically Configuring Extensible Distributed Communication Systems, IEE/BCS Distributed Systems Engineering Journal (Special Issue on Configurable Distributed Systems), vol. 2, pp. 280-293, December 1994.
[34]E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable
Object-Oriented Software. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[35]Lehoczky J P, Sha L, Ding Y, The rate-monotonic scheduling algorithm: Exact characterization and average case behavior. In Proceedings of Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1989. 166-171
[36]何军，孙玉方，提高软非周期任务响应性能的调度算法，软件学报，1998年10月
[37]sched setscheduler(2), Linux Programmer's Manual
[38]林闯，计算机网络和计算机系统的性能评价，北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[39]Liu, J.W.S, Shin, W.K., K.J., et al. Imprecise computations, Proceedings of the IEEE, 1994
[40]Kaneko, H., Stankovic, J.A., Sen, S., et al. Integrated scheduling of multimedia and hard real-time tasks. In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Real-Time System Symposium, 1996
[41]许建峰，朱晴波等，分布式实时系统中的预测调度算法，软件学报，2000年1月
[2]Giuseppe Lipari, Giorgio Buttazzo, Schedulability Analysis of Periodic and Aperiodic Tasks with Resource Conwaints, Journal of System Architecture, 2000
[3]LockeCD.Fundamentals of real-time presentation[R]. OMG Document: realtime/980503, 1998
[4]G Li, Supporting Distributed Real-Time Computing, PhD thesis, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, Technical Report 322, August 1993
[5]Object Management Group, The Common Object Request Broker Architecture and Specification 3.0 edition, 2002
[6]Guangxing Li, Dave Otway, An Open Architecture for Real-Time Processing, ANSA Phase 3 Project Report APM. 1270.02, Oct. 1994
[7]骆志刚，杨思忠，刘锦德，面向实时应用的中间件，计算机科学，2001年6月
[8]骆志刚，刘锦德，面向实时应用的中间件实现研究，小型微型计算机系统，2000年5月
[9]Object Management Group, Real-time CORBA, OMG Document orbos/99-02-12 ed., March 1999
[10]Object Management Group, Real-Time CORBA Specification version 2.0, formal/03-11-01,November 2003
[11]The Real-Time for Java Expert Group, The Real-Time Specification for Java, 2000
[12]D C Schmidt, D L Levine, S Mungee, The design of the TAO Real-Time Object Request Broker[J]. Computer Communications Special Issue on Building Quality of Service into Distributed Systems, Elsevier Science, April 1998
[13]G Cooper, et al. Real-Time CORBA development at MITRE, NRaD, tripacific and URl[A]. in proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real-Time Systems and Services [C]. San Francisco, CA, 1997
[14]C. Liu and J. Layland, Scheduling Algorithms for Mulfiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment, JACM, vol. 20, pp. 46-61, January 1973.
[15]N.C. Audsley, A. Bums, M. Richardson, K. Tindell and A. Wellings, Applying New Scheduling Theory to Static Priority Preemptive Scheduling, Software Engineering Journal,September 1993
[16]K. Ramamritham, Allocation and scheduling of complex periodic tasks, In 10th Int. Conf. On Distributed Computing Systems, 1990
[17]J.P. Lehoczky, L. Sba, and J.K. Strosnider, Enhanced Aperiodic Responsiveness in Hard Real-Tune Enviromnents, Proceedings of IEEE Real-Tune system Symposinm,1987
[18]M. Spuri and G.C. Buttazzo, Efficient Aperiodic Service under Earliest Deadline Scheduling,Proceedings of IEEE Real-Time system Symposium, December 1994
[19]J.A. Stankovic, K. Ramamritham, and S.C. Cheng, Evaluation of a flexible task scheduling algorithm for distributed hard real-time systems, IEEE Transactions on computers, December 1985
[20]M.Spuri and G.C. Buttazzo, Scheduling Aperiodic Tasks in dynamic Priority Systems,Real-Time Systems, 10(2), 1996
[21]H. Konpetz, A. Dm-mn, Ch. Koza, M. Mulazzani, W. Schwabl, Ch. Senft, and R. Zainlinger, Distributed fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems: The MARS Approach, ACM Operating System Review, Vol. 23, July 1989
[22]G Fohler, Joint Scheduling of Distributed Complex Periodic and Hard Aperiodic Tasks in Statically Scheduled Systems, Proceedings of IEEE Real-Time system symposium, December 1995
[23]Christopher D. Gill, David L. Levine, and Douglas C. Schmidt, The Design and Performance of a Real-Time CORBA Scheduling Service, Real-Time Systems, The International Journal of Time-Critical Computing Systems, special issue on Real-Time Middleware, vol. 20, March 2001.
[24]L. Dipippo, V. E Wolfe, A Scheduling Service for a Dynamic Real-Time CORBA System, Proceedings of the 20nd Annual International Computer Software and Application Conference, August 1998
[25]W. Feng, U. Syyid, J.S. Lin, Providing for an Open, Real-Time CORBA, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real-Time Systems and Services, IEEE., December 1997.
[26]Schmidt D C, Kuhns F, An overview of real-time CORBA specification[J], IEEE Computer,2000,33(6):56-63
[27]D. C. Schmidt, D. L. Levine, and S. Mungee, The Design and Performance of Real-Time Object Request Brokers, Computer Communications, vol. 21, pp. 294—324, Apr. 1998.
[28]D. B. Stewart and P. K. Khosla, Real-Time Scheduling of Sensor-Based Control Systems, in Real-Time Programming (W. Halang and K. Ramamritham, eds.), Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon Press, 1992.
[29]C. M. Krishna, Kang G Shin, Real-Time Systems, the McGraw-Hill companies, Inc. 1997
[30]http://www.cs.wustl.edu/～schrnidtIrAO.html, 访问时间：2003年10
[31]Timothy H. Harrison, Carlos O'Ryan, David L. Levine, and Douglas C. Schmidt, The Design and Performance of a Real-Time CORBA Event Service, In Proceedings of OOPSLA '97.ACM, 1997
[32]D. C. Schmidt, R. Bector, D. Levine, S. Mungee, and G. Parulkar, An ORB Endsystem Architecture for Statically Scheduled Real-time Applications, in Proceedings of the Workshop on Middleware for Real-Time Systems and Services, (San Francisco, CA), IEEE., December 1997.
[33]D. C. Schmidt and T. Suda, An Object-Oriented Framework for Dynamically Configuring Extensible Distributed Communication Systems, IEE/BCS Distributed Systems Engineering Journal (Special Issue on Configurable Distributed Systems), vol. 2, pp. 280-293, December 1994.
[34]E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and J. Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable
Object-Oriented Software. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[35]Lehoczky J P, Sha L, Ding Y, The rate-monotonic scheduling algorithm: Exact characterization and average case behavior. In Proceedings of Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1989. 166-171
[36]何军，孙玉方，提高软非周期任务响应性能的调度算法，软件学报，1998年10月
[37]sched setscheduler(2), Linux Programmer's Manual
[38]林闯，计算机网络和计算机系统的性能评价，北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[39]Liu, J.W.S, Shin, W.K., K.J., et al. Imprecise computations, Proceedings of the IEEE, 1994
[40]Kaneko, H., Stankovic, J.A., Sen, S., et al. Integrated scheduling of multimedia and hard real-time tasks. In: Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Real-Time System Symposium, 1996
[41]许建峰，朱晴波等，分布式实时系统中的预测调度算法，软件学报，2000年1月
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