基于本体论的中医药一体化语言系统
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摘要
传统中医药学历经数千年的发展，已经形成了完备的知识体系。但近年来随着信息化的深入，传统中医药学在发展过程中缺乏规范的弊端也逐渐突显出来，愈来愈多的应用开始受制于术语问题。目前的中医药数字资源缺乏知识层次的表达，也没有统一的术语定义标准，给信息利用和共享造成了困难。
现有的医学术语系统缺乏知识的工程化，而本体论作为一种概念化的说明，采用框架系统对客观存在的概念和关系进行描述，能够表达复杂的概念关联关系，是一种有效的医学知识表达的手段。
本文针对医学术语系统面临的问题，提出了建立基于本体论的一体化语言系统的方案，目的是将现有的数字资源有效的利用起来，以开放、简便的方式提供用户使用。本文主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1．在本体论工程研究基础上，设计并开发了中医药本体论。针对中医药学领域知识建立概念集合和语义集合，定义本体的类以及层次结构，实现概念和语义的规范存储。
2．在中医本体论的基础上提出中医药一体化语言系统原型，利用本体知识库作为术语规范和通用编码模式的特性，设计基于本体查询的概念、语义服务，帮助用户获取综合性或特定性的中医药信息。
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a complete knowledge system after thousands of years. However, as the information technology step forward, more and more terminology problems comes up because of the lack of criterion. TCM resources are not expressed on the knowledge-level, and there is no criterion for terminology definition, which counteract the sharing and reusing of resources.
Current terminology systems are most not knowledge engineered. Ontology, as a conceptualization, depicts the concepts and relations with framework, and it can express complicated semantic relationship. Ontology is efficient in knowledge representation.
To find a solution to above problems, this paper provides a unified language system on the basis of ontology to denote resources, which make it easier for users to use them. The main contributions are as following:
1 On the basis of ontology research, TCM ontology are designed and developed. Concepts and semantic relations are defined, and the core top-level categories and hierarchical structure of the ontology are also set up. Knowledge is stored normatively.
2 On the basis of TCM ontology, the unified medicine language system prototype is provided. The ontology knowledge is taken as the standard for terminology definition and coding. The concept service and semantic service are based on the ontology retrieval, which help users to get synthetic or special TCM knowledge.
现有的医学术语系统缺乏知识的工程化，而本体论作为一种概念化的说明，采用框架系统对客观存在的概念和关系进行描述，能够表达复杂的概念关联关系，是一种有效的医学知识表达的手段。
本文针对医学术语系统面临的问题，提出了建立基于本体论的一体化语言系统的方案，目的是将现有的数字资源有效的利用起来，以开放、简便的方式提供用户使用。本文主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1．在本体论工程研究基础上，设计并开发了中医药本体论。针对中医药学领域知识建立概念集合和语义集合，定义本体的类以及层次结构，实现概念和语义的规范存储。
2．在中医本体论的基础上提出中医药一体化语言系统原型，利用本体知识库作为术语规范和通用编码模式的特性，设计基于本体查询的概念、语义服务，帮助用户获取综合性或特定性的中医药信息。
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a complete knowledge system after thousands of years. However, as the information technology step forward, more and more terminology problems comes up because of the lack of criterion. TCM resources are not expressed on the knowledge-level, and there is no criterion for terminology definition, which counteract the sharing and reusing of resources.
Current terminology systems are most not knowledge engineered. Ontology, as a conceptualization, depicts the concepts and relations with framework, and it can express complicated semantic relationship. Ontology is efficient in knowledge representation.
To find a solution to above problems, this paper provides a unified language system on the basis of ontology to denote resources, which make it easier for users to use them. The main contributions are as following:
1 On the basis of ontology research, TCM ontology are designed and developed. Concepts and semantic relations are defined, and the core top-level categories and hierarchical structure of the ontology are also set up. Knowledge is stored normatively.
2 On the basis of TCM ontology, the unified medicine language system prototype is provided. The ontology knowledge is taken as the standard for terminology definition and coding. The concept service and semantic service are based on the ontology retrieval, which help users to get synthetic or special TCM knowledge.
引文
[1] Ora Lassila and Ralph R. Swick, "Resource Description Framework(RDF) Model and Syntax Specification", W3C Recommendation submitted 22 Feb. 1999.
[2] National Library of Medicine: UMLS Knowledge Sources, 9th Edition Page 133.
[3] Scan Bechhofer and Carole Goble. Description Logics And Multimedia-Applying Lessons Learnt From The GALEN Project
[4] Jeremy Roger, Angus Roberts, Danny Solomon, Egbert van der Haring Christopher Wore, Piter Zanstra, Alan Rector. GALEN Ten Years On:Tasks and Supporting Tools.
[5] AL Rector JE Rogers P Pole. The GALEN High Level Ontology.
[6] CHEN Gang, LU Ru-Qian, JIN Zhi, Constructing Virtual Domain Ontologies Based on Domain Knowledge Reuse. In 2003 Journal of Software Vol.14 No. 3.
[7] Mike Uschold, Michael Gruninger. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2):93.
[8] R. Fike, W. Pratt. Collaborative ontology construction for information integration. In:Technical Repor KSL-95-63, Stanford University Knowledge Systems Laboratory, 1995.
[9] Wang Nianbin, KIS/OBT: A Tool to Build Ontology for Knowledge Interating System, 高技术通信 000203, htm.
[10] Nicola Guarino, LADEB-CNR. Understanding, Building, And Using Ontologies. National Research Council.
[11] Uschold & King, Description of methodologies. Overiew of methodologies for building ontologies.
[12] Andrew Brent Williams and Costas Tsatsoulis. An Instance-based Approach for Identifying Candidate Ontology Relations within a Multi-Agent System. IJCAI'99.
[13] Asuncion Gomez Perez, V. Richard Benjnmius. Overview of Knowledge
Sharing and Reuse Components: Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods. IJCAI" 99.
[14] Fernandez Lopez, M. Overview of Methodologies For Building Ontologies.IJCAI" 99.
[15] Peter C. Weistein, William P. Birmingham, Comparing Concepts in Differentiated Ontologies. IJCAI" 99.
[16] Uschold & King, Description of methodologies. Overiew of methodologies for building ontologies.
[17] RDF Primer, Frank Manola and Eric Miller, Editors, W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/. Latest available at http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/.
[18] 李包罗，李恩生，SNOMED RT----新一代医学参考术语集标准．
[19] 张慧铢，统一医学语言系统简介，台大医学院图书分缉第廿七期第1-4页．
[2] National Library of Medicine: UMLS Knowledge Sources, 9th Edition Page 133.
[3] Scan Bechhofer and Carole Goble. Description Logics And Multimedia-Applying Lessons Learnt From The GALEN Project
[4] Jeremy Roger, Angus Roberts, Danny Solomon, Egbert van der Haring Christopher Wore, Piter Zanstra, Alan Rector. GALEN Ten Years On:Tasks and Supporting Tools.
[5] AL Rector JE Rogers P Pole. The GALEN High Level Ontology.
[6] CHEN Gang, LU Ru-Qian, JIN Zhi, Constructing Virtual Domain Ontologies Based on Domain Knowledge Reuse. In 2003 Journal of Software Vol.14 No. 3.
[7] Mike Uschold, Michael Gruninger. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2):93.
[8] R. Fike, W. Pratt. Collaborative ontology construction for information integration. In:Technical Repor KSL-95-63, Stanford University Knowledge Systems Laboratory, 1995.
[9] Wang Nianbin, KIS/OBT: A Tool to Build Ontology for Knowledge Interating System, 高技术通信 000203, htm.
[10] Nicola Guarino, LADEB-CNR. Understanding, Building, And Using Ontologies. National Research Council.
[11] Uschold & King, Description of methodologies. Overiew of methodologies for building ontologies.
[12] Andrew Brent Williams and Costas Tsatsoulis. An Instance-based Approach for Identifying Candidate Ontology Relations within a Multi-Agent System. IJCAI'99.
[13] Asuncion Gomez Perez, V. Richard Benjnmius. Overview of Knowledge
Sharing and Reuse Components: Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods. IJCAI" 99.
[14] Fernandez Lopez, M. Overview of Methodologies For Building Ontologies.IJCAI" 99.
[15] Peter C. Weistein, William P. Birmingham, Comparing Concepts in Differentiated Ontologies. IJCAI" 99.
[16] Uschold & King, Description of methodologies. Overiew of methodologies for building ontologies.
[17] RDF Primer, Frank Manola and Eric Miller, Editors, W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/. Latest available at http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/.
[18] 李包罗，李恩生，SNOMED RT----新一代医学参考术语集标准．
[19] 张慧铢，统一医学语言系统简介，台大医学院图书分缉第廿七期第1-4页．