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网络时代对会计假设的冲击——兼论知识经济时代的会计假设
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摘要
现代会计是为适应大工业社会经济发展的要求逐步发展和完善起来的。历经了一个多世纪的风雨洗礼,会计假设在传统会计领域显示了其强大的指导力量:会计主体假设是对较为稳定而独立的会计空间加以假定;持续经营和会计分期假设是在较低经营风险和信息时效要求的环境下对会计的时间加以限定;货币计量假设是对当时有限的会计反映手段加以确定。
     但现有的会计假设在面对知识经济大潮冲击的时候,明显有力不从心之感。尤其是进入21世纪,信息化为基础的知识经济已经深刻的改变了会计所处的经济环境。受经济环境的影响和技术进步的驱动,一种新的会计——“网络会计”应运而生,网络会计是伴随网络化组织形式的发展而产生和发展,依托于网络化环境开展业务的新型会计。
     在网络会计时代,会计实务正在发生着显著的变化:生产及组织的日趋国际化,虚拟化;新知识新技术带来的挑战引发经营风险的加剧,“虚拟”企业的可能转瞬即逝;信息传递的即时化,人们对实时信息的要求日益迫切;非货币信息,非定量信息在一个企业尤其是高科技企业中的比重逐日增加。这一切都对传统的会计基础假设产生着强大的冲击。
     本文以规范研究的方法,通过对会计假设沿革和变迁的研究,结合知识经济时代,网络会计发展的要求,在现有的四大基础假设之上,直面21世纪网络会计及其所代表的知识经济对传统会计的挑战,根据新的会计环境,应对新的情况,通过修正完善现有假设,并以此为基础创新的发展出新的会计假设,来应对网络会计环境下对会计假设的要求。
     对比研究当今理论界对网络会计的最新观点,同时通过对原有会计假设的修正,笔者提出自己对会计基础假设的创新观点,分别是:
     第一、收购兼并引起的企业规模的不断扩张及网络化的组织生产,使得部分企业间联系的紧密程度已经超过关联交易那么简单,而有必要将其视为一体化的经济体在会计上得到反映。引发“会计组织”假设代替“会计主体”假设。
     第二、经济发展金融在经营中作用不断加大,高科技导致经营风险日益加
    
    内容提要
    剧,网络化虚拟企业生命力脆弱昙花一现,引发“风险经营”假设代替“持续经营”
    假设。
     第三、风险加剧及即时化信息的可实现性,迫使信息使用者需要更加及时,
    更加个性化的信息,引发“细化分期分部报告”假设代替“会计分期”假设。
     第四、人力资源为代表的无形资产所占比重的增加与不可货币士长量之间的
    矛盾日益尖锐,引发‘货币及指数计量”假设代替‘货币计量”假设。
     同时根据笔者所提出的新的会计假设,给出了相应的会计实务处理的基本
    思想和基本方法,以供各位学界同仁参考,批评指正。
The modern account is fit to the industry society, then it's development must according to the industry's rhythm.
    For the account system is in a debious economics environment, accounting assumption is created. Accounting assumption is the basement of the accountancy. It decides the territory of the account. After a century's develop, accounting assumption acts as a very important role, and direct the accounting practice: principal part assume account space is stable and independent keep and account divided by stages is restrict the account's time. Currency measure is confirm on the limited account reflect means.
    When face up with the information economies' impact by all appearances, the modern accounting assumption is so flabbiness. Information economics and knowledge economics are changing the world, especially the net account, means a new world: the form of produce and organize is internationalization; the company's risk is prick up, dummy corporation is written in water; on time information pick up the user's earning; non-currency information is more and more important the a manager and a investor.
    In this letterpress, I try to use the normal research method, by work over the accounting assumption's development history, integrate the request of the knowledge economics time net account environment's develop, provide a new accounting assumption, to fit the new environment and solve the new problem.
    Through analysis of the current opinions and a long time's presumption, I think that the new accounting assumption should be: Firstly, the "account
    organization" assumption takes the place of "account principle part" accounting assumption; by this way, we can solve the problem that created by merger and networks production.
    Secondly, "risk keep" take the place of "persist keep"; by this way, we can be
    
    
    clear that why risk is so important in a corporation, and how to think when operate a corporation.
    Thirdly, "frequently distributed report" assumption take the place of "accounting by stages"; It makes us sure that the more frequently information the more effectiveness.
    Fourthly, "currency and index measure" assumption take the place of "currency measure". Many intangible assets can be measured and be reflected by this way. Our reports will be more effective and abundant.
    At the same time, according to my opinion, I provide the base methods to solve the problems that appear in the accounting practice.
引文
1、宋良荣,《会计假设的新起点》,《财会月刊》,1997.07
    2、刘飞焱,《管理会计技术方法的变迁——基于网络经济冲击的思考》,《财会月刊》,2001.2
    3、孙昌言、韩杰,《网络经济时代审计面临的挑战》,《财务与会计》,2000.10
    4、孙铮、韦华宁,《试论信息时代会计假设受到的冲击与影响》,《财经研究》,2000.3
    5、葛家澍、林志军,《现代西方财务会计理论》,厦门大学出版社,1990.2
    6、吴水澎,《财务会计基本理论研究》,辽宁人民出版社,1996.11
    7、李孝林等,《会计基本理论比较研究》,科学技术文献出版社,1997.2
    8、朱毅芬,《论知识经济时代会计假设受到的冲击》,《黎明职业大学学报》,2001.12
    9、谢敏、孙芳城、孔庆林,《论网络化经济环境基本会计假设体系的建立》,渝州大学学报,2000.4
    10、(美)查克·马丁,《数字化经济》,北京:中国建材工业出版社,1999.1
    11、陈宏,《知识经济下的会计基本假设》,中国流通经济.1999.3
    12、谢运,《传统会计理论面临的新挑战》,湖南商学院学报,2000.7
    13、徐京耀,《虚拟企业对会计假设和会计原则的冲击》,2001.2
    14、毕姝晨,《知识经济与会计理论变革》,税务与经济,2000.4
    15、朱蔚蔚,《对网络经济环境下虚拟企业会计假设的认识》,惠州学院学报第22卷,2002.8
    
    
    16、吕晶,《会计主体假设“模糊论”质疑》,特区财会,2002.3
    17、《迎接知识经济时代的挑战》,诺顿商学院论丛,经济出版社,2003.1
    18、Paul, 《Business Models for Electronics Markets》, European commission, 1998.6
    19、Javier Estrada, 《The Cost Of Equity In Emerging Markets: A Downside Risk Approach》, IESE(Barcelona,Spain), 1999.9
    20、Eugene F.Fama and Kenneth R. French, 《The Corporate Cost of Capital and the Return on Corporate Investment》, report of Business University of Chicago (Fama), 1998.7

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