低聚木糖在肉仔鸡和蛋鸡生产中的应用研究
摘要
为探讨低聚木糖(Xylo-oligosaccharides，XOS)在家禽生产中的应用效果及其作用机制，本研究选用肉用仔鸡与产蛋鸡作为试验动物，进行了三个试验：
试验1采用1400只健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡，按照单因素7处理5重复随机分组。试验第1组为空白对照，第2～6组为分别添加0.01％、0.015％、0.02％、0.025％和0.03％XOS的组，第7组为添加0.1％甘露寡糖(MOS)的对照组。研究XOS对21和40日龄肉仔鸡生长性能、消化机能以及肠道菌群的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比，(1)日粮中除添加0.015％XOS可显著提高肉仔鸡21日龄体增重(P＜0.05)外，其它XOS组对肉仔鸡增重和饲料转化效率影响均不显著(P＞0.05)；添加0.1％MOS对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响也不明显(P＞0.05)。(2)对于21和40日龄肉仔鸡，日粮中添加0.01％XOS均显著降低了其盲肠内容物中的pH值(P＜0.05)，0.02％XOS显著降低了其盲肠和直肠中pH值(P＜0.05)；添加0.1％MOS显著降低了其盲肠和直肠中pH值(P＜0.05)；添加XOS和MOS对其腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物的pH值没有明显影响(P＞0.05)。(3)对于21日龄肉仔鸡，添加0.01％XOS显著提高了其回肠相对长度(P＜0.05)，添加0.02％XOS和0.1％MOS显著提高了其回肠相对长度以及盲肠和直肠的相对长度和重量(P＜0.05)；对于40日龄肉仔鸡，添加0.01％XOS显著提高了其盲肠相对长度(P＜0.05)，添加0.02％XOS显著提高了其盲肠和直肠相对长度和重量(P＜0.05)，0.1％MOS显著提高了其盲肠相对长度和重量以及直肠相对重量(P＜0.05)。添加XOS和MOS对肉仔鸡腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠和空肠发育没有明显影响(P＞0.05)。(4)对于21日龄肉仔鸡，添加XOS对其空肠和盲肠形态结构影响均不显著(P＞0.05)；添加0.1％MOS对其空肠形态结构影响也不明显(P＞0.05)，但可显著提高其盲肠V／C值(P＜0.05)。对于40日龄肉仔鸡，日粮中添加XOS和MOS对其空肠形态结构影响均不显著(P＞0.05)；添加0.02％、0.03％XOS和0.1％MOS均显著提高了盲肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05)，0.01％、0.02％XOS组和0.1％MOS组均显著降低了盲肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05)，且试验各组均显著提高了其V／C值(P＜0.05)。(5)日粮中添加XOS和MOS有提高21和40日龄肉仔鸡小肠内容物中总蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的趋势，其中0.02％XOS可显著提高40日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠内容物中总蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05)，0.1％MOS显著提高了40日龄十二指肠内容物中淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05)；添加XOS和MOS对十
低聚木糖在肉仔鸡和蛋鸡生产中的应用研究
二指肠和空肠内容物中脂肪酶活性没有明显影响(P>0.05).(6)日粮中添加XOS对40
日龄肉仔鸡空肠中段大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌数没有明显影响(办0.05)。
试验2采用1200只健康1日龄的AA肉仔鸡，按照单因素6处理5重复随机分
组.试验第1组为空白对照组，第2礴组为分别添加0.01%、0.02%和0.03%XOS的
试验组，第5组为添加0 .1%MOS的对照组，第6组为添加167m叭g杆菌肤锌与
3 .3m叭g硫酸粘杆菌素的抗生素对照组。于肉仔鸡42日龄时每重复随机屠宰1只(每
组5只)，研究XOS对肉仔鸡屠宰性能的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比，添加XOS
对42日龄肉仔鸡屠宰性能的影响均不显著(P>O.05)，但有提高半净膛率、全净膛率、
胸肌率以及腿重率的趋势;添加0.1%MOS和抗生素显著提高了其半净膛屠宰率
(尸<0 .05)，添加0.1%MOS还可显著提高其腿重率(尸<0 .05).
试验3采用1260只11月龄新罗曼商品蛋鸡按照单因素7处理4重复随机分组.
试验第1组为空白对照组，第2荀组为分别添加0.01%、0.015%、0.02%、0.025%和
0.03%XOS的试验组，第7组为添加0.1%FOS的对照组。研究XOS对蛋鸡生产性能、
养分利用及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比，(l)日粮中添加xos和Fos均
可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率和饲料转化率(尸<0 .05)，添加0，015叹产0.03%XOS和0.1，。:口S
还可显著提高蛋鸡日均产蛋重(尸<0 .05)。(2)日粮中添加0.02%XOS和0.1%FOS显著
提高了蛋鸡对钙、磷的表观消化率(尸<0 .05)，但对干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪的牙.J用
率影响不显著(P>0.05).(3)日粮中添加0.02%的xos可显著提高鸡蛋的蛋壳强度、
蛋壳厚度和蛋壳率(尸<0 .05)，对蛋品其它指标没有显著影响(P>0.05);添加FOS对
鸡蛋常规品质没有明显影响(P>0.05)。(4)日粮中添加0.02%xos和0.1%Fos对鸡蛋
中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分及钙、磷等常规成分均没有明显影响(P>O.05).(5)
日粮中添加0.02%XOS和0.1%FOS分别降低了鸡蛋中总胆固醇含量的9.14%和
1 1 .66%(尸<0.05).
The study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides on the performance of broilers and layers. The paper included three experiments:
In experiment one, a total of 1400 one-day-old AA commercial broilers were randomly allotted into seven treatments with five duplicates per treatment, feed and water ad libitum. Treatment 1 was control group fed with basal diet, the diets for treatment 2~6 added 0.01%, 0.15%, 0.02%, 0.025% and 0.03%XOS in their basal diets respectively, treatment 7 added 0.1%MOS in the basic diet. The effects of XOS on performance, digestive fucntion and jejunum microflora population of 21-day-old and 40-day-old broilers were investigated in the experiment. The results indicated as following: Compared with control, (1). Expect 0.015% treatment improved the body weight of 21-day broilers significantly (P<0.05), the other groups had no significant effect on body weight and feed conversion efficiency of 21-days and 40-days broilers (P>0.05). (2). For 21-day and 40-day broilers, 0.01%XOS decreased pH value of digesta in cecum significantly (P<0.05), both 0.02%XOS and 0.1%MOS decreased pH value of digesta in cecum and rectum sign
ificantly (P<0.05), but neither XOS nor MOS had significant effect on pH value of digesta in proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P>0.05). (3). For 21-day broilers, 0.01%XOS increased relative length of ileum significantly (P<0.05), both 0.02% XOS and 0.1% MOS increased relative length of ileum and relative length and weight of cecum and rectum significantly (P<0.05). For 40-day broilers, 0.01%XOS increased relative length o/ cCvum significantly (P<0.05), 0.02%XOS increase drelative length and weight of cecum and rectum significantly (P<0.05), 0.1% MOS increased relative length and weight of cecum and relative weight of rectum significantly (P<0.05). (4). For 21-day broilers, all XOS treatments had no significant difference in the morphology of jejunum and cacum (P>0.05), 0.1% MOS improved V/C value of cacum (P<0.05). For 40-day broilers, both XOS and MOS had no significant effect on morphology of jejunum(P>0.05), 0.02%XOS, 0.03%XOS and 0.1%MOS increased villus height of cacum significantly
(P<0.05), 0.01%XOS,
0.02%XOS and 0.1%MOS decreased crypt depth of cacum significantly (PO.05), both XOS and MOS treatments increased V/C value of cacum significantly (PO.05). (5). Both XOS and MOS had the trend for increase the activities of protease and amylase in small intestinal digesta of 21-day-old and 40-day-old broilers, and 0.02%XOS increased the activities of protease and amylase in duodenal digesta of 40-day-old broilers significantly (P<0.05), 0.1%MOS also increased amylase activities in duodenal digesta of 40-day-oid broilers significantly (PO.05). Neither XOS nor MOS had effects on lipase activities in duodenal and jejunal digesta of broilers (P>0.05). (6). Both XOS and MOS had no significant effect on E. Coli and Lactobacillus number in the digestia of middle jejunum (P>0.05).
In experiment two, a total of 1200 one-day-old AA commercial broilers were randomly allotted into six treatments with five duplicates per treatment, feed and water ad libitum. Treatment 1 was control group fed with basal diet, the diets for treatment 2-6 added 0.01%XOS, 0.02%XOS, 0.03%XOS, 0.1%MOS and antibiotics(16.7mg/kg Bacitracin Zinc and 3.3mg/kg Tiamulin) in their basal diets respectively. At 42 days, one trial broiler was slaughtered in every duplicate of one treatment to investigate effects of XOS on slaughter performance of broilers. The results showed: Compared with control, XOS had no significant improvement on slaughter performance of 42-day-old broilers (P>0.05), but had the trend for improve percentage of half evisceration, evisceration, breast muscle and thigh muscle. 0.1 %MOS and antibiotics improved percentage of half evisceration of 42-day-old broilers significantly (PO.05), 0.1%MOS improved percentage of thigh muscle of 42-day-old broilers significantly (P<0.05).
In experiment three, a total of 1260 11-month-old commercial layers
试验1采用1400只健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡，按照单因素7处理5重复随机分组。试验第1组为空白对照，第2～6组为分别添加0.01％、0.015％、0.02％、0.025％和0.03％XOS的组，第7组为添加0.1％甘露寡糖(MOS)的对照组。研究XOS对21和40日龄肉仔鸡生长性能、消化机能以及肠道菌群的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比，(1)日粮中除添加0.015％XOS可显著提高肉仔鸡21日龄体增重(P＜0.05)外，其它XOS组对肉仔鸡增重和饲料转化效率影响均不显著(P＞0.05)；添加0.1％MOS对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响也不明显(P＞0.05)。(2)对于21和40日龄肉仔鸡，日粮中添加0.01％XOS均显著降低了其盲肠内容物中的pH值(P＜0.05)，0.02％XOS显著降低了其盲肠和直肠中pH值(P＜0.05)；添加0.1％MOS显著降低了其盲肠和直肠中pH值(P＜0.05)；添加XOS和MOS对其腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠内容物的pH值没有明显影响(P＞0.05)。(3)对于21日龄肉仔鸡，添加0.01％XOS显著提高了其回肠相对长度(P＜0.05)，添加0.02％XOS和0.1％MOS显著提高了其回肠相对长度以及盲肠和直肠的相对长度和重量(P＜0.05)；对于40日龄肉仔鸡，添加0.01％XOS显著提高了其盲肠相对长度(P＜0.05)，添加0.02％XOS显著提高了其盲肠和直肠相对长度和重量(P＜0.05)，0.1％MOS显著提高了其盲肠相对长度和重量以及直肠相对重量(P＜0.05)。添加XOS和MOS对肉仔鸡腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠和空肠发育没有明显影响(P＞0.05)。(4)对于21日龄肉仔鸡，添加XOS对其空肠和盲肠形态结构影响均不显著(P＞0.05)；添加0.1％MOS对其空肠形态结构影响也不明显(P＞0.05)，但可显著提高其盲肠V／C值(P＜0.05)。对于40日龄肉仔鸡，日粮中添加XOS和MOS对其空肠形态结构影响均不显著(P＞0.05)；添加0.02％、0.03％XOS和0.1％MOS均显著提高了盲肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05)，0.01％、0.02％XOS组和0.1％MOS组均显著降低了盲肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05)，且试验各组均显著提高了其V／C值(P＜0.05)。(5)日粮中添加XOS和MOS有提高21和40日龄肉仔鸡小肠内容物中总蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的趋势，其中0.02％XOS可显著提高40日龄肉仔鸡十二指肠内容物中总蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05)，0.1％MOS显著提高了40日龄十二指肠内容物中淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05)；添加XOS和MOS对十
低聚木糖在肉仔鸡和蛋鸡生产中的应用研究
二指肠和空肠内容物中脂肪酶活性没有明显影响(P>0.05).(6)日粮中添加XOS对40
日龄肉仔鸡空肠中段大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌数没有明显影响(办0.05)。
试验2采用1200只健康1日龄的AA肉仔鸡，按照单因素6处理5重复随机分
组.试验第1组为空白对照组，第2礴组为分别添加0.01%、0.02%和0.03%XOS的
试验组，第5组为添加0 .1%MOS的对照组，第6组为添加167m叭g杆菌肤锌与
3 .3m叭g硫酸粘杆菌素的抗生素对照组。于肉仔鸡42日龄时每重复随机屠宰1只(每
组5只)，研究XOS对肉仔鸡屠宰性能的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比，添加XOS
对42日龄肉仔鸡屠宰性能的影响均不显著(P>O.05)，但有提高半净膛率、全净膛率、
胸肌率以及腿重率的趋势;添加0.1%MOS和抗生素显著提高了其半净膛屠宰率
(尸<0 .05)，添加0.1%MOS还可显著提高其腿重率(尸<0 .05).
试验3采用1260只11月龄新罗曼商品蛋鸡按照单因素7处理4重复随机分组.
试验第1组为空白对照组，第2荀组为分别添加0.01%、0.015%、0.02%、0.025%和
0.03%XOS的试验组，第7组为添加0.1%FOS的对照组。研究XOS对蛋鸡生产性能、
养分利用及蛋品质的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比，(l)日粮中添加xos和Fos均
可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率和饲料转化率(尸<0 .05)，添加0，015叹产0.03%XOS和0.1，。:口S
还可显著提高蛋鸡日均产蛋重(尸<0 .05)。(2)日粮中添加0.02%XOS和0.1%FOS显著
提高了蛋鸡对钙、磷的表观消化率(尸<0 .05)，但对干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪的牙.J用
率影响不显著(P>0.05).(3)日粮中添加0.02%的xos可显著提高鸡蛋的蛋壳强度、
蛋壳厚度和蛋壳率(尸<0 .05)，对蛋品其它指标没有显著影响(P>0.05);添加FOS对
鸡蛋常规品质没有明显影响(P>0.05)。(4)日粮中添加0.02%xos和0.1%Fos对鸡蛋
中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分及钙、磷等常规成分均没有明显影响(P>O.05).(5)
日粮中添加0.02%XOS和0.1%FOS分别降低了鸡蛋中总胆固醇含量的9.14%和
1 1 .66%(尸<0.05).
The study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides on the performance of broilers and layers. The paper included three experiments:
In experiment one, a total of 1400 one-day-old AA commercial broilers were randomly allotted into seven treatments with five duplicates per treatment, feed and water ad libitum. Treatment 1 was control group fed with basal diet, the diets for treatment 2~6 added 0.01%, 0.15%, 0.02%, 0.025% and 0.03%XOS in their basal diets respectively, treatment 7 added 0.1%MOS in the basic diet. The effects of XOS on performance, digestive fucntion and jejunum microflora population of 21-day-old and 40-day-old broilers were investigated in the experiment. The results indicated as following: Compared with control, (1). Expect 0.015% treatment improved the body weight of 21-day broilers significantly (P<0.05), the other groups had no significant effect on body weight and feed conversion efficiency of 21-days and 40-days broilers (P>0.05). (2). For 21-day and 40-day broilers, 0.01%XOS decreased pH value of digesta in cecum significantly (P<0.05), both 0.02%XOS and 0.1%MOS decreased pH value of digesta in cecum and rectum sign
ificantly (P<0.05), but neither XOS nor MOS had significant effect on pH value of digesta in proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P>0.05). (3). For 21-day broilers, 0.01%XOS increased relative length of ileum significantly (P<0.05), both 0.02% XOS and 0.1% MOS increased relative length of ileum and relative length and weight of cecum and rectum significantly (P<0.05). For 40-day broilers, 0.01%XOS increased relative length o/ cCvum significantly (P<0.05), 0.02%XOS increase drelative length and weight of cecum and rectum significantly (P<0.05), 0.1% MOS increased relative length and weight of cecum and relative weight of rectum significantly (P<0.05). (4). For 21-day broilers, all XOS treatments had no significant difference in the morphology of jejunum and cacum (P>0.05), 0.1% MOS improved V/C value of cacum (P<0.05). For 40-day broilers, both XOS and MOS had no significant effect on morphology of jejunum(P>0.05), 0.02%XOS, 0.03%XOS and 0.1%MOS increased villus height of cacum significantly
(P<0.05), 0.01%XOS,
0.02%XOS and 0.1%MOS decreased crypt depth of cacum significantly (PO.05), both XOS and MOS treatments increased V/C value of cacum significantly (PO.05). (5). Both XOS and MOS had the trend for increase the activities of protease and amylase in small intestinal digesta of 21-day-old and 40-day-old broilers, and 0.02%XOS increased the activities of protease and amylase in duodenal digesta of 40-day-old broilers significantly (P<0.05), 0.1%MOS also increased amylase activities in duodenal digesta of 40-day-oid broilers significantly (PO.05). Neither XOS nor MOS had effects on lipase activities in duodenal and jejunal digesta of broilers (P>0.05). (6). Both XOS and MOS had no significant effect on E. Coli and Lactobacillus number in the digestia of middle jejunum (P>0.05).
In experiment two, a total of 1200 one-day-old AA commercial broilers were randomly allotted into six treatments with five duplicates per treatment, feed and water ad libitum. Treatment 1 was control group fed with basal diet, the diets for treatment 2-6 added 0.01%XOS, 0.02%XOS, 0.03%XOS, 0.1%MOS and antibiotics(16.7mg/kg Bacitracin Zinc and 3.3mg/kg Tiamulin) in their basal diets respectively. At 42 days, one trial broiler was slaughtered in every duplicate of one treatment to investigate effects of XOS on slaughter performance of broilers. The results showed: Compared with control, XOS had no significant improvement on slaughter performance of 42-day-old broilers (P>0.05), but had the trend for improve percentage of half evisceration, evisceration, breast muscle and thigh muscle. 0.1 %MOS and antibiotics improved percentage of half evisceration of 42-day-old broilers significantly (PO.05), 0.1%MOS improved percentage of thigh muscle of 42-day-old broilers significantly (P<0.05).
In experiment three, a total of 1260 11-month-old commercial layers
引文
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[2]．张建东，许梓荣，詹勇．抗生素类饲料添加剂替代品研究进展[J]．上海畜牧兽医通讯，2001(3)：6～9．
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