不同剂量半胱胺对绵羊消化代谢和生产性能的影响
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摘要
本论文通过连续添加不同水平半胱胺(CS)对小尾寒羊消化代谢和生产性能的影响，探讨CS的促生长机理和确定CS在绵羊饲料中的最佳添加剂量，为CS在生产中的应用提供理论依据。
本研究共分三个部分。
第一部分主要研究不同剂量CS对绵羊胃肠道主要消化酶的影响。选用16只体重相近、健康无病的小尾寒羊平均分为4组：分别向基础日粮中连续添加0、7.5、15、22.5mg／kg BW的CS，进行为期20天的试验。试验结束进行屠宰，分别取小肠各段、瘤胃、皱胃内容物，测定其中消化酶活性。结果表明：每天饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高十二指肠和空肠的淀粉酶活性、胰蛋白酶活性以及瘤胃纤维素酶和皱胃蛋白酶的活性(P＜0.05)。每天饲喂15mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高在十二指肠和空肠的麇蛋白酶活性(P＜0.05)，但和饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。因此，在绵羊日粮中连续添加适宜剂量的CS可以提高消化道主要消化酶的活性。
第二部分采用全收粪收尿的方法研究连续添加不同剂量半胱胺对营养物质消化代谢的影响。试验分组与第一部分相同。结果表明：每天饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高氮和干物质的表观消化率(P＜0.05)；每天饲喂15mg／kg BW显著提高氮的总利用率以及有机物和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P＜0.05)，但和饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。因此，连续饲喂半胱胺可以提高绵羊对营养物质的消化率，增加氮代谢利用。
第三部分采用饲养试验研究连续添加不同剂量CS对绵羊生产性能的影响。选用28只体重相近、健康无病的小尾寒羊平均分为4组：分别相基础日粮中添加0、7.5、15、22.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺，进行为期60的试验。结果表明：添加7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺在前40天的增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，随着剂量的升高和时间的延长，促生长作用逐渐减弱。日粮每天添加7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高绵羊的采食量和饲料转化效率(P＜0.05)，和添加15mg／kg BW的半胱胺组相比没有显著差异(P＞0.05)；日粮添加22.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著降低绵羊的采食量(P＜0.05)，对饲料转化效率没有显著影响。
由上述可见，在绵羊饲料中连续添加的适宜剂量是7.5mg／kg BW。CS对绵羊的促生长作用与CS改善绵羊的消化代谢状况有着密切关系。
The aim of the paper was to probe into the mechanism of promoting growth of cysteamine and to determined optimal supplemental level of cysteamine, by investigating the effects of supplementing cysteamine everyday on digestion and metabolism and productivity performance, which laid the theoretical foundation for application of cysteamine in animal feeding.
Part one : Effects of different levels of cysteamine on activities of digestive enzymes in gastro-intestinal tract were studied. 16 healthy Xiaoweihan sheep with approximate weight were divided into group C, L, M and H fed with the basal diet containing 0, 7.5 , 15 and 22.5 mg of cysteamine/kg BW everyday for 20 days. These sheep were slaughtered at the end of experiment to collect the digesta in gastro-intestinal tract. Then activities of the digestive enzymes were determined. The results showed that 7.5 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly increased the activities of amylase, trypsin in duodenum and jejunum, cellulase in rumen and pepsin in abomasum (P < 0.05); 15 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly increased the activities chymytropsin in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05), while difference between group L and group M was not significant (P > 0.05). Therefore, the activities of the digestive enzymes were improved by supplementing optimal level of cysteamine in the diet every day.
Part two: Effects of supplementating different levels of cysteamine on nutrient digestion and metabolism were investigated by total feces and urine collection method. Groups were divided in the same way of part one. Results showed that 7.5 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly increased apparent digestibility of crude protein and dry matter (P < 0.05); 15 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly promoted net protein utilization, digestibility of organic matter and acid detergent fiber, while the difference between group L and group M was not significant (P > 0.05). As a result, supplementing optimal level of cysteamine in the diet everyday can improve the nutrient digestibility and the nitrogen utilization.
Part three: Effects of supplementing different levels of cysteamine on productive performance in sheep were studied. 28 healthy Xiaoweihan sheep with approximate weight were divided into 4 groups in the same way of part one. Sheep in treated groups were fed with cysteamine every day for 60 days. Results showed that body weight gain of group supplemented with 7.5 mg CS/kg BW in the diet was significantly greater than that of control group in the first forty days. With the increase of dosage and extension of time, the response of promoting growth decreased. Group supplemented with 7.5 mg CS/kg BW significantly increased daily feed intake and feed conversion rate (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference from group supplemented with 15 mg CS/kg BW (P > 0.05). 22.5 mg CS/kg BW significantly decreased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), but had no influence on feed conversion rate.
In conclusion, the optimal supplemental level of cysteamine in the diet was 7.5 mg CS/kg BW. Cysteamine improves sheep growth as a result of increase of activities of digestive enzyme and nutrient digestibilities.
本研究共分三个部分。
第一部分主要研究不同剂量CS对绵羊胃肠道主要消化酶的影响。选用16只体重相近、健康无病的小尾寒羊平均分为4组：分别向基础日粮中连续添加0、7.5、15、22.5mg／kg BW的CS，进行为期20天的试验。试验结束进行屠宰，分别取小肠各段、瘤胃、皱胃内容物，测定其中消化酶活性。结果表明：每天饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高十二指肠和空肠的淀粉酶活性、胰蛋白酶活性以及瘤胃纤维素酶和皱胃蛋白酶的活性(P＜0.05)。每天饲喂15mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高在十二指肠和空肠的麇蛋白酶活性(P＜0.05)，但和饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。因此，在绵羊日粮中连续添加适宜剂量的CS可以提高消化道主要消化酶的活性。
第二部分采用全收粪收尿的方法研究连续添加不同剂量半胱胺对营养物质消化代谢的影响。试验分组与第一部分相同。结果表明：每天饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高氮和干物质的表观消化率(P＜0.05)；每天饲喂15mg／kg BW显著提高氮的总利用率以及有机物和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P＜0.05)，但和饲喂7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺组差异不显著(P＞0.05)。因此，连续饲喂半胱胺可以提高绵羊对营养物质的消化率，增加氮代谢利用。
第三部分采用饲养试验研究连续添加不同剂量CS对绵羊生产性能的影响。选用28只体重相近、健康无病的小尾寒羊平均分为4组：分别相基础日粮中添加0、7.5、15、22.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺，进行为期60的试验。结果表明：添加7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺在前40天的增重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，随着剂量的升高和时间的延长，促生长作用逐渐减弱。日粮每天添加7.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著提高绵羊的采食量和饲料转化效率(P＜0.05)，和添加15mg／kg BW的半胱胺组相比没有显著差异(P＞0.05)；日粮添加22.5mg／kg BW的半胱胺显著降低绵羊的采食量(P＜0.05)，对饲料转化效率没有显著影响。
由上述可见，在绵羊饲料中连续添加的适宜剂量是7.5mg／kg BW。CS对绵羊的促生长作用与CS改善绵羊的消化代谢状况有着密切关系。
The aim of the paper was to probe into the mechanism of promoting growth of cysteamine and to determined optimal supplemental level of cysteamine, by investigating the effects of supplementing cysteamine everyday on digestion and metabolism and productivity performance, which laid the theoretical foundation for application of cysteamine in animal feeding.
Part one : Effects of different levels of cysteamine on activities of digestive enzymes in gastro-intestinal tract were studied. 16 healthy Xiaoweihan sheep with approximate weight were divided into group C, L, M and H fed with the basal diet containing 0, 7.5 , 15 and 22.5 mg of cysteamine/kg BW everyday for 20 days. These sheep were slaughtered at the end of experiment to collect the digesta in gastro-intestinal tract. Then activities of the digestive enzymes were determined. The results showed that 7.5 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly increased the activities of amylase, trypsin in duodenum and jejunum, cellulase in rumen and pepsin in abomasum (P < 0.05); 15 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly increased the activities chymytropsin in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05), while difference between group L and group M was not significant (P > 0.05). Therefore, the activities of the digestive enzymes were improved by supplementing optimal level of cysteamine in the diet every day.
Part two: Effects of supplementating different levels of cysteamine on nutrient digestion and metabolism were investigated by total feces and urine collection method. Groups were divided in the same way of part one. Results showed that 7.5 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly increased apparent digestibility of crude protein and dry matter (P < 0.05); 15 mg CS/kg BW in the diet significantly promoted net protein utilization, digestibility of organic matter and acid detergent fiber, while the difference between group L and group M was not significant (P > 0.05). As a result, supplementing optimal level of cysteamine in the diet everyday can improve the nutrient digestibility and the nitrogen utilization.
Part three: Effects of supplementing different levels of cysteamine on productive performance in sheep were studied. 28 healthy Xiaoweihan sheep with approximate weight were divided into 4 groups in the same way of part one. Sheep in treated groups were fed with cysteamine every day for 60 days. Results showed that body weight gain of group supplemented with 7.5 mg CS/kg BW in the diet was significantly greater than that of control group in the first forty days. With the increase of dosage and extension of time, the response of promoting growth decreased. Group supplemented with 7.5 mg CS/kg BW significantly increased daily feed intake and feed conversion rate (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference from group supplemented with 15 mg CS/kg BW (P > 0.05). 22.5 mg CS/kg BW significantly decreased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), but had no influence on feed conversion rate.
In conclusion, the optimal supplemental level of cysteamine in the diet was 7.5 mg CS/kg BW. Cysteamine improves sheep growth as a result of increase of activities of digestive enzyme and nutrient digestibilities.
引文
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