汽车故障诊断知识库管理系统的研究
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摘要
知识库管理系统是汽车故障诊断专家系统的重要组成部分，故障诊断专家系统运行过程中所需要的知识都是由知识库来提供的，系统的推理、决策都是围绕着运用知识库管理系统中存储的知识进行匹配、决策、归纳、演算等操作，从而得到最终结果。因此，从某种意义上来说，知识库建造的好坏直接影响到整个汽车故障诊断专家系统是否成功，而构造高效、完善的知识库管理系统将会对整个汽车故障诊断专家系统性能的提高起到非常重要的作用。本文简要阐述了知识库以及知识库管理系统的基本知识，分析了汽车故障诊断领域知识的特点，提出了适合该领域的知识分类及知识表示方法。针对汽车故障诊断知识特点，利用SQL Server为工具创建汽车故障诊断知识库，并在此基础上以Borland Delphi 5.0为编程语言，以SOL Server为后台数据库开发了一种基于windows平台的知识库管理系统(Knowledgebase
Management System简称KBMS)，该系统充分利用了数据库技术，实现了对知识库中知识的存储、增加、删除、修改和查询，以及对知识进行一致性和完整性校验。为汽车故障诊断专家系统的开发和运用提供了必要基础。
Knowledgebase Management System (KBMS) is a very important part of vehicle fault diagnosis expert system, knowledge required by the expert system during it running is all provided by knowledgebase, reasoning and decision-Making of the expert system are all the result of applying the knowledge of KBMS to match , conclude and calculate. So, the quality of knowledgebase directly influences the whole vehicle fault diagnosis expert system, and that constructing high-efficient and consummated KBMS plays a very important role in improving the performance of the expert system . This paper briefly introduces basic theory of knowledgebase and knowledgebase management system, and analyses the characteristic of vehicle fault diagnosis, then puts forward the method of knowledge classify and express. According to the characteristic of knowledge of vehicle fault diagnosis, the paper use SQL Server to establish vehicle fault diagnosis knowledgebase, on this foundation it designs a knowledgebase management system, the system makes fully use of database technology to realize knowledge store, add, delete, modify and seek. Besides, it can also check the consistency and integrality of knowledge .In a word the KBMS establishes an important base of the whole vehicle fault diagnose expert system.
Management System简称KBMS)，该系统充分利用了数据库技术，实现了对知识库中知识的存储、增加、删除、修改和查询，以及对知识进行一致性和完整性校验。为汽车故障诊断专家系统的开发和运用提供了必要基础。
Knowledgebase Management System (KBMS) is a very important part of vehicle fault diagnosis expert system, knowledge required by the expert system during it running is all provided by knowledgebase, reasoning and decision-Making of the expert system are all the result of applying the knowledge of KBMS to match , conclude and calculate. So, the quality of knowledgebase directly influences the whole vehicle fault diagnosis expert system, and that constructing high-efficient and consummated KBMS plays a very important role in improving the performance of the expert system . This paper briefly introduces basic theory of knowledgebase and knowledgebase management system, and analyses the characteristic of vehicle fault diagnosis, then puts forward the method of knowledge classify and express. According to the characteristic of knowledge of vehicle fault diagnosis, the paper use SQL Server to establish vehicle fault diagnosis knowledgebase, on this foundation it designs a knowledgebase management system, the system makes fully use of database technology to realize knowledge store, add, delete, modify and seek. Besides, it can also check the consistency and integrality of knowledge .In a word the KBMS establishes an important base of the whole vehicle fault diagnose expert system.
引文
[1] 丁玉兰，石来德．机械设备故障诊断技术，上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1991
[2] 印鉴，刘星成．专家系统原理与编程，北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[3] 钟秉林，黄仁．机械故障诊断学，北京：机械工业出版社，1997
[4] 王万森．人工智能原理及其应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[5] Gray M. Overcoming the Limitations of the System Architechure of ON-Board Vehicle Diagnostics. SAE Paper 940432
[6] Zaleski J V, et al. TECH1 Interactive Diagnostic Tester. SAE Paper 861108
[7] 郑小军，杨叔子．汽车发动机诊断专家系统AEDES．自动化学报．Vol．16(5)，1990
[8] Zheng Xiaojun, et al. A knowledge-based diagnosis system for automobile engines. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1988.
[9] 冯建农，赵铭．汽车故障诊断专家系统开发环境研究．汽车工程．Vol．13(2)，1991
[10] 张代胜，王悦，陈朝阳．融合实例与规则推理的车辆故障诊断专家系统．机械工程学报．Vol．38(7)，2002
[11] 崔林，杨铁皂等．汽车发动机点火系统故障诊断专家系统的开发．洛阳工学院学报．Vol．19(3)，1998
[12] 贾继德，姜斯平．基于模糊关系矩阵推理的发动机故障诊断专家系统．内燃机工程．No．3，1999
[13] 陈朝阳，张代胜．神经网络技术在汽车故障诊断专家系统中的应用．合肥工业大学学报．Vol．23(1)，2000
[14] 郭晓汾，邹国平．关于神经网络技术的故障诊断专家系统的研究．中国公路学报．Vol．11(4)，1998
[15] 方晓斌，何勇．基于模糊神经网络的汽油发动机故障诊断专家系统的研究．上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)。2001，Vol．19(2)．
[16] 燕学智，钱耀义。基于神经网络技术的发动机故障诊断系统。内燃机工程．22(1)，2001
[17] 何勇，鲍一丹．基于神经网络的发动机故障多媒体诊断专家系统。内燃机学报，2001，19
[18] 姜斯平，贾继德．基于分类框架结构的汽车故障诊断专家系统．农业机械学报．No．4，1999
[19] 吕红兵，罗智中．汽车发动机故障诊断模糊专家系统研究．内燃机工程．No．4．1999
[20] 张代胜，王悦，陈朝阳．基于实例推理方法在车辆诊断专家系统中的应用．安徽科技，2000
[21] 陈朝阳，许化东．汽车轮胎异常磨损诊断专家系统的研究．安徽科技，2001
[22] 张代胜，王悦，陈朝阳．实例获取网络在车辆诊断专家系统中的应用．农业机械学报．No．6，2002
[23] 夏勇等．基于图像处理与神经网络的内燃机故障诊断研究．内燃机学报．Vol．19(4)，2001
[24] Donald S, Sarna et al. Diagnostic equipment development for military-vehicle application. SAE Paper 780029
[25] [日]曾弥雅纯．美国汽车故障诊断系统的发展动向．国外汽车．，1987；(5)
[26] Arunk Sood. Engine fault analysis: Partl-statistical methods. IEEE[r] 1985, IE-32(4)
[27] Mauer G F, et al. A method for cylinder specific engine fault diagnostics. Proceeding of the 1st international machinery monitoring & diagnostics conference, Las Vegas, NV 1989.9
[28] Filljov, Marinov M, Ovcharov S. "Engine diagnostic expert system," in The Eighteenth International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation, May-June 1988.
[29] Gilmore J F, et al. A survey of diagnostics expert system. Presented at SPIE Application of Artificial Intelligence V.Orlando, FL. 1987
[30] Suk I Yoo, IL Kon Kim, DIASI. An Expert System for Diagnosing Automobiles with Electronic Control Units. Expert System with Applications, 1992, (4)
[31] Yoo, S. I and Kim, I. (1992) DIAS1: An expert system diagnosing automobiles with ECUs. Expert System with Applications, 4, 69±78.
[32] Venkat V, King C. A neural network methodology for process fault diagnosis. Journal of AICHE, 1989 35(12)
[33] Marko K A, et al. Automotive control system diagnostics using neural nets for rapid pattern classification of large data sets. Proceedings 2nd International IEEE Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1989
[34] Marko K A, et al. Automotive diagnostics using trainable classifier: statistical testing and paradigm selection. Proc. of IJCNN, 1990
[35] Gopinath O C. A neural net solution for diesel engine fault diagnosis. MSc thesis. University of Sheffield, 1994
[36] Sharkey A J C, Sharkey N E, Chandroth G O. Diverse Neural Net solutions to a Fault Diagnosis Problem. Neural Computing & Applications 1996; 4: 218-227
[37] Sharkey A J C. On combining artificial neural nets. Connection Science 1996; 8(3/4): 299-314
[38] Brennan T. Hamilton and Yi Lu. "Diagnosis of automobile failures using fuzzy logic," The Eighth International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Melbourne, Australia, June 1995.
[39] Yi Lu, Tie Qi Chert, Brennan T. Hamilton. A Fuzzy Diagnostic Model and Its Application in Automotive Engineering Diagnosis. Applied Intelligence 9, 231-243 (1998)
[40] Staszewski W J, Worden K. Classification of faults in gear-boxes: preprocessing algorithms and neural networks. Neural Computing & Applications 1997; 5: 160-183
[41] Janice M Lukich, Wayne D Brandt. Integrated Diagnostics for the Vehicle System. SAE 912683
[42] Autar P K, et al．柴油机自诊断专家系统．Tran. of SAME, J. OF Engng for GT & Power, 1996. 118
[43] Hirpal Gelgele, Kesheng Wang. An expert system for engine fault diagnosis: development and application. Journal of intelligent manufacturing, 1998, 9
[44] Pisu, Pierluigi. Hierarchical model-based fault diagnosis with application to vehicle systems, 2002
[45] Maurice Q Liang. Linking Diagnostics with Service information, SAE 9300246
[46] S. K. Ong, N. An and A. Y. C. Nee. Web-Based Fault Diagnostic and Learning System. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2001) 18: 502-511
[47] Luka, J., Stubhan, F. Mobile diagnosis. IEEE International Vehicle Electronic Conference, Chang Chun, China, 1999, 215～220
[48] 马玉节，范明等．知识库系统导论，北京：科学出版社，2000
[49] 徐良贤，蒋智平，王士同．知识工程，北京：机械工业出版社，1991
[50] 贾焰，王志英．知识库系统原理与技术 长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1993
[51] 蔡白兴，许光．人工智能极其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．5
[52] 张济，袁野，王秀娟．Delphi 4.0／5.0高级类参考详解，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[53] 秦绪佳，张济，袁野．Delphi 4.0／5.0类参考详解，北京：清华大学出版社，
1999
[54] 王忠华，魏志强，杨志刚等．Delphi 5.0高级程序设计，北京：中国铁道出版社，2000
[55] Mike Gunderloy, Josph.1.Jorden著，邱仲潘等译．SQL Server 2000从入门到精通北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[56] 桓永兴，张振明，黄乃康等．CAPP面向对象知识库管理系统的设计和实现机械科学与技术，2001
[57] Kyoung-jae, Ingoo han. Maintaining case-based reasoning systems using a genetic algorithms approach. Expert Systems With Applications, 2001, 21: 139～145
[58] 曹文君等．知识库系统原理及其应用[M]．上海：复旦大学出版社，1995
[59] 郭茂祖，孙华梅等．专家系统中知识库组织与维护技术的研究．高技术通讯，2002．2
[60] 陈革，孙振河，周广田等．专家系统知识库维护的逻辑方法信息技术，2000
[61] 刘东波等．可能性理论与不相容知识处理小型微型计算机系统，1994
[62] 王高峰，钟诗胜等．知识库集成维护方法研究计算机与现代化，1995
[63] 沈宁川，李末等．扩充逻辑程序设计的R演算——知识库维护的操作方法计算机学报，1996
[2] 印鉴，刘星成．专家系统原理与编程，北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[3] 钟秉林，黄仁．机械故障诊断学，北京：机械工业出版社，1997
[4] 王万森．人工智能原理及其应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[5] Gray M. Overcoming the Limitations of the System Architechure of ON-Board Vehicle Diagnostics. SAE Paper 940432
[6] Zaleski J V, et al. TECH1 Interactive Diagnostic Tester. SAE Paper 861108
[7] 郑小军，杨叔子．汽车发动机诊断专家系统AEDES．自动化学报．Vol．16(5)，1990
[8] Zheng Xiaojun, et al. A knowledge-based diagnosis system for automobile engines. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1988.
[9] 冯建农，赵铭．汽车故障诊断专家系统开发环境研究．汽车工程．Vol．13(2)，1991
[10] 张代胜，王悦，陈朝阳．融合实例与规则推理的车辆故障诊断专家系统．机械工程学报．Vol．38(7)，2002
[11] 崔林，杨铁皂等．汽车发动机点火系统故障诊断专家系统的开发．洛阳工学院学报．Vol．19(3)，1998
[12] 贾继德，姜斯平．基于模糊关系矩阵推理的发动机故障诊断专家系统．内燃机工程．No．3，1999
[13] 陈朝阳，张代胜．神经网络技术在汽车故障诊断专家系统中的应用．合肥工业大学学报．Vol．23(1)，2000
[14] 郭晓汾，邹国平．关于神经网络技术的故障诊断专家系统的研究．中国公路学报．Vol．11(4)，1998
[15] 方晓斌，何勇．基于模糊神经网络的汽油发动机故障诊断专家系统的研究．上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)。2001，Vol．19(2)．
[16] 燕学智，钱耀义。基于神经网络技术的发动机故障诊断系统。内燃机工程．22(1)，2001
[17] 何勇，鲍一丹．基于神经网络的发动机故障多媒体诊断专家系统。内燃机学报，2001，19
[18] 姜斯平，贾继德．基于分类框架结构的汽车故障诊断专家系统．农业机械学报．No．4，1999
[19] 吕红兵，罗智中．汽车发动机故障诊断模糊专家系统研究．内燃机工程．No．4．1999
[20] 张代胜，王悦，陈朝阳．基于实例推理方法在车辆诊断专家系统中的应用．安徽科技，2000
[21] 陈朝阳，许化东．汽车轮胎异常磨损诊断专家系统的研究．安徽科技，2001
[22] 张代胜，王悦，陈朝阳．实例获取网络在车辆诊断专家系统中的应用．农业机械学报．No．6，2002
[23] 夏勇等．基于图像处理与神经网络的内燃机故障诊断研究．内燃机学报．Vol．19(4)，2001
[24] Donald S, Sarna et al. Diagnostic equipment development for military-vehicle application. SAE Paper 780029
[25] [日]曾弥雅纯．美国汽车故障诊断系统的发展动向．国外汽车．，1987；(5)
[26] Arunk Sood. Engine fault analysis: Partl-statistical methods. IEEE[r] 1985, IE-32(4)
[27] Mauer G F, et al. A method for cylinder specific engine fault diagnostics. Proceeding of the 1st international machinery monitoring & diagnostics conference, Las Vegas, NV 1989.9
[28] Filljov, Marinov M, Ovcharov S. "Engine diagnostic expert system," in The Eighteenth International Symposium on Automotive Technology and Automation, May-June 1988.
[29] Gilmore J F, et al. A survey of diagnostics expert system. Presented at SPIE Application of Artificial Intelligence V.Orlando, FL. 1987
[30] Suk I Yoo, IL Kon Kim, DIASI. An Expert System for Diagnosing Automobiles with Electronic Control Units. Expert System with Applications, 1992, (4)
[31] Yoo, S. I and Kim, I. (1992) DIAS1: An expert system diagnosing automobiles with ECUs. Expert System with Applications, 4, 69±78.
[32] Venkat V, King C. A neural network methodology for process fault diagnosis. Journal of AICHE, 1989 35(12)
[33] Marko K A, et al. Automotive control system diagnostics using neural nets for rapid pattern classification of large data sets. Proceedings 2nd International IEEE Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1989
[34] Marko K A, et al. Automotive diagnostics using trainable classifier: statistical testing and paradigm selection. Proc. of IJCNN, 1990
[35] Gopinath O C. A neural net solution for diesel engine fault diagnosis. MSc thesis. University of Sheffield, 1994
[36] Sharkey A J C, Sharkey N E, Chandroth G O. Diverse Neural Net solutions to a Fault Diagnosis Problem. Neural Computing & Applications 1996; 4: 218-227
[37] Sharkey A J C. On combining artificial neural nets. Connection Science 1996; 8(3/4): 299-314
[38] Brennan T. Hamilton and Yi Lu. "Diagnosis of automobile failures using fuzzy logic," The Eighth International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, Melbourne, Australia, June 1995.
[39] Yi Lu, Tie Qi Chert, Brennan T. Hamilton. A Fuzzy Diagnostic Model and Its Application in Automotive Engineering Diagnosis. Applied Intelligence 9, 231-243 (1998)
[40] Staszewski W J, Worden K. Classification of faults in gear-boxes: preprocessing algorithms and neural networks. Neural Computing & Applications 1997; 5: 160-183
[41] Janice M Lukich, Wayne D Brandt. Integrated Diagnostics for the Vehicle System. SAE 912683
[42] Autar P K, et al．柴油机自诊断专家系统．Tran. of SAME, J. OF Engng for GT & Power, 1996. 118
[43] Hirpal Gelgele, Kesheng Wang. An expert system for engine fault diagnosis: development and application. Journal of intelligent manufacturing, 1998, 9
[44] Pisu, Pierluigi. Hierarchical model-based fault diagnosis with application to vehicle systems, 2002
[45] Maurice Q Liang. Linking Diagnostics with Service information, SAE 9300246
[46] S. K. Ong, N. An and A. Y. C. Nee. Web-Based Fault Diagnostic and Learning System. Int J Adv Manuf Technol (2001) 18: 502-511
[47] Luka, J., Stubhan, F. Mobile diagnosis. IEEE International Vehicle Electronic Conference, Chang Chun, China, 1999, 215～220
[48] 马玉节，范明等．知识库系统导论，北京：科学出版社，2000
[49] 徐良贤，蒋智平，王士同．知识工程，北京：机械工业出版社，1991
[50] 贾焰，王志英．知识库系统原理与技术 长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1993
[51] 蔡白兴，许光．人工智能极其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．5
[52] 张济，袁野，王秀娟．Delphi 4.0／5.0高级类参考详解，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[53] 秦绪佳，张济，袁野．Delphi 4.0／5.0类参考详解，北京：清华大学出版社，
1999
[54] 王忠华，魏志强，杨志刚等．Delphi 5.0高级程序设计，北京：中国铁道出版社，2000
[55] Mike Gunderloy, Josph.1.Jorden著，邱仲潘等译．SQL Server 2000从入门到精通北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[56] 桓永兴，张振明，黄乃康等．CAPP面向对象知识库管理系统的设计和实现机械科学与技术，2001
[57] Kyoung-jae, Ingoo han. Maintaining case-based reasoning systems using a genetic algorithms approach. Expert Systems With Applications, 2001, 21: 139～145
[58] 曹文君等．知识库系统原理及其应用[M]．上海：复旦大学出版社，1995
[59] 郭茂祖，孙华梅等．专家系统中知识库组织与维护技术的研究．高技术通讯，2002．2
[60] 陈革，孙振河，周广田等．专家系统知识库维护的逻辑方法信息技术，2000
[61] 刘东波等．可能性理论与不相容知识处理小型微型计算机系统，1994
[62] 王高峰，钟诗胜等．知识库集成维护方法研究计算机与现代化，1995
[63] 沈宁川，李末等．扩充逻辑程序设计的R演算——知识库维护的操作方法计算机学报，1996
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