油品含水率在线测量系统的研究
摘要
随着科学技术的迅速发展，多相流动体系在国民经济和人类生活的地位日益重要，而多相流动体系中又以两相流动体系最为普遍。
本文从实际工程需要出发，查阅并继承了前人研究的理论成果，运用两相流动基本分析方法，进一步对油品含水测量进行深入研究，结合当前成熟的计算机技术，成功研制出将油品含水率测量系统。实验结果表明，本文介绍的研究成果是有较大现实意义的。
本文的主要内容包括：
1、介绍了油品含水率测量手段的历史、现状，阐述了油品含水率测量意义。
2、介绍了两相流的基本概念、两相流的基本方程及解析模型基本方程。
3、深入研究了油、水两相流动因所处的流动条件不一而具有多种流动结构，即流型。由于油、水粘度差异比较大。不同的油水流动结构具有不同的流变特征，油、水两相流型也就成了影响压降的重要因素。根据管内油、水两相流流型特征，建立了新的油、水两相管流流型的转换准则。它包括：分层流型的稳定性准则、分散流型和混合流型的转换边界及反相界线。
4、研究了油、水混合物介电常数随油、水体积百分比的变化规律，以及变介电常数式电容传感器设计原理及机械设计。
5、详细介绍了油品含水率测量系统硬件、软件以及上位机设计过程。并给出实验室测试结果，误差分析。
6、介绍了本测量系统在实际应用场合高速轧机润滑系统中的应用，包括设备安装，测试。
7、总结了本测量系统的不足，为进一步研究者提供相关建议。
结果表明，油品含水率测量系统性能稳定可靠，精度能满足工程要求。具有广泛的工程应用前景。
With the rapid development of science and technology, multi-phase fluid systems play more and more important roles in the national economy and people's lives and the two-phase fluid systems are most popular in those multi-phase fluid systems.
To meet the requirements of engineering and after reviewing the previous results, the author deeply researches measurement of water ratio in oil-water two phases system based on the principles to analyze two phases fluid. With present mature computer technology a system to measure water ratio in oil-water two phases is successfully developed and the procedure is worth introducing here according to the data from relative experiments.
Following are included in this thesis:
1. A brief introduction to the history, presentation and significance of measurement of water ratio in oil-water two phases system
2. A review of concepts, basic equitation and analytic models of two phases fluid.
3. To have studied structures of oil-water two phases system- flow patterns according to different fluid conditions. For distinguished difference of viscosity between oil and water, their fluid structure featured different flowing characters. According to different flow patterns, a new transferring rule for oil-water two phases system flowing model in pipes is built in including the stability rule for stratified flow patterns and transferring border and anti-phase border for deconcentrating patterns and mixture patterns.
4. To have researched the dielectric constant changing rule of oil-water mixture when the ratio of oil-water changing and the design principle and mechanical design of capacitor sensor with dielectric constant changing.
5. To give the design procedure including hardware, software and supervision system with test results and error analysis.
6. To show an application case in the lubrication part of a high-speed steel rolling system including installation and testing.
7. To summary deficiencies of this measurement system and suggestion to improve it.
The results show that this measurement system is steady and reliable and its precision can meet the requirement of engineering application. It has real application worth in industry.
本文从实际工程需要出发，查阅并继承了前人研究的理论成果，运用两相流动基本分析方法，进一步对油品含水测量进行深入研究，结合当前成熟的计算机技术，成功研制出将油品含水率测量系统。实验结果表明，本文介绍的研究成果是有较大现实意义的。
本文的主要内容包括：
1、介绍了油品含水率测量手段的历史、现状，阐述了油品含水率测量意义。
2、介绍了两相流的基本概念、两相流的基本方程及解析模型基本方程。
3、深入研究了油、水两相流动因所处的流动条件不一而具有多种流动结构，即流型。由于油、水粘度差异比较大。不同的油水流动结构具有不同的流变特征，油、水两相流型也就成了影响压降的重要因素。根据管内油、水两相流流型特征，建立了新的油、水两相管流流型的转换准则。它包括：分层流型的稳定性准则、分散流型和混合流型的转换边界及反相界线。
4、研究了油、水混合物介电常数随油、水体积百分比的变化规律，以及变介电常数式电容传感器设计原理及机械设计。
5、详细介绍了油品含水率测量系统硬件、软件以及上位机设计过程。并给出实验室测试结果，误差分析。
6、介绍了本测量系统在实际应用场合高速轧机润滑系统中的应用，包括设备安装，测试。
7、总结了本测量系统的不足，为进一步研究者提供相关建议。
结果表明，油品含水率测量系统性能稳定可靠，精度能满足工程要求。具有广泛的工程应用前景。
With the rapid development of science and technology, multi-phase fluid systems play more and more important roles in the national economy and people's lives and the two-phase fluid systems are most popular in those multi-phase fluid systems.
To meet the requirements of engineering and after reviewing the previous results, the author deeply researches measurement of water ratio in oil-water two phases system based on the principles to analyze two phases fluid. With present mature computer technology a system to measure water ratio in oil-water two phases is successfully developed and the procedure is worth introducing here according to the data from relative experiments.
Following are included in this thesis:
1. A brief introduction to the history, presentation and significance of measurement of water ratio in oil-water two phases system
2. A review of concepts, basic equitation and analytic models of two phases fluid.
3. To have studied structures of oil-water two phases system- flow patterns according to different fluid conditions. For distinguished difference of viscosity between oil and water, their fluid structure featured different flowing characters. According to different flow patterns, a new transferring rule for oil-water two phases system flowing model in pipes is built in including the stability rule for stratified flow patterns and transferring border and anti-phase border for deconcentrating patterns and mixture patterns.
4. To have researched the dielectric constant changing rule of oil-water mixture when the ratio of oil-water changing and the design principle and mechanical design of capacitor sensor with dielectric constant changing.
5. To give the design procedure including hardware, software and supervision system with test results and error analysis.
6. To show an application case in the lubrication part of a high-speed steel rolling system including installation and testing.
7. To summary deficiencies of this measurement system and suggestion to improve it.
The results show that this measurement system is steady and reliable and its precision can meet the requirement of engineering application. It has real application worth in industry.
引文
[1] Ishii M. Therno-fluid Dynamic Theory of Two-Phase Flow. Eyrolles, Paris, 1975
[2] Collier J G. Convective Boiling and Condensation, 3rd edition.Oxford: Claredon Press, 1994
[3] Hewitt G F, Roberts D N. AERE-M2195.1969
[4] Baker O. Oil and Gas Journal. 1954,2,7:185
[5] Taiel Y, Dukler A E. AICHEJ, 1976,22(1) :47～55
[6] Wallis G B. One-Dimensional Two-phase Flow. Mcgraow-Hill, 1969
[7] Bennett A W, Hewitt G F, Kearsy H A. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1965,180(3c): 1～11
[8] Ishii M, Mishima K. Identification of flow patterns of two-phase flow by mathematical modeling. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1994,149:111～116
[9] Zwmansky M W. Heat and Thermodynamics, fifth edtion. McGrawHill Book Company. 1957
[10] CHARLES M. The reduction of the Pressure gradientsin oil pipelines[J]. Trans. Cn.Inst. Min. And Met. 1960, 67: 306—310.
[11] MALINOWSKY M S. An experimental study of oil-water and air-oil-water flowing mixtures in horizontal pipes[D]. M. S. Thesis, University of Tulsa, 1975.
[12] RAJINDER Pal. Effect of droplet size on the rheologyof emulsions[J]. AICHE J. 1996, 42(11): 567—574.
[13] TRALLERO J L, SARICA C, BRHLL J P. A study ofoil-water flow pantterns in horizontal pipes[A]. SPEAnn. Tech. Conf. and Exhi.-[C]. Denver, Colorado,U S A, Oct 6-9, SPE36609. 1996. 363-375.
[14] ADLER M N and MEWES D. Flow induced emulsification in the flow of two immiscible liquids in horizontalPiPes[J]. Int. J.MultiPhase Flow, 1997,
23(1): 55-68.
[15] HINZE. Fundamentals of the hydrodynamic mechanismof splitting in dispersion processes[J]. AICHE. J1, 1955, 3: 289—295.
[16] YOUVAL MLYNEK. Drop sizes in an agitated liquid-liquid system[J]. AICHE, 1972, 187—198
[17] CALDERBANK. Physicalrate Process in industrial fermentation. Pant Ⅰ the interfacialarea in gas-liquid contacting with mechanical agitatio[J]. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs, 1958, 26: 443—463.
[18] BAUNER N and MOALEM NARON D. Stability analysis of stratified liquid-liquidflow[J]. Int.J. MultiPhaseFlow, 1992, 18(1): 103—121.
[19] ANGELI P. Pressure gradient In horizontal liquid-liquidflows [J]. International Journal Of MultiPhase Flow, 1998, 24: 1183—1203.
[20] Jin Zhenwu, Guo Haimin and Wu Xiling, New Response Equations of Fluid Capacitance Instrument and applications in Multiphase Flows. SPWLA 31 at Annual Logging Symposium, June 24-27, 1990.
[21] Bruce L. Knight, Flow—loop Evaluation of Production-Logging Holdup Meter. The Log Analyst, July-August, 1992.
[22] Calson, N. R., Barnette, J, C., and Davarzani, M. J., Applications of Fluid Capacitance Instrument in Multiphase Flows. Paper B, Transactions, 10th European Formation Evalution Symposium, April 22—25, Alberdeen, Scotland, 1986.
[23] Liu Xingbin, Qiang Xifu, Qiao Hetang,Ma Guifu and Xiong Jianghong. The Theoretical Model for Capacitance Tool and Its Application to Production Logging. Flow Meas. Instru.
[24] Liu Xingbin, Qiang Xifu and Zhuang Haijun. Effect of Water Salinity on Measurement of Ultrashort. Wave Water Cut Meter. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Measuring Techniques for Multiphase Flows, April 10—13, 1995, Nanjing,China, Southeast University Press.1995, pp 296—300.
[25] Merilo M., Dechene R. L., Cichowalas W.M., Void fraction
measurement with rotating field conductance gauge. J. Heat Transfer, 99: 330—332.1977
[26] Andreussi, P., Donfrancesco, A. & Messia,M.An impedance method for the measurement of liquid hold—up in two—phase flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 6,1998.
[27] Nydal. Liquid volume fraction measurements with a gamma densitometer and a conductance probe. Multi—phase Production. Published by Elsevier Applied Science London and New York, 1991.
[28] 李海清、乔贺堂．多相流检测技术进展．北京．石油工业出版社，1996
[29] 李海青等．两相流参数检测及应用．杭州．浙江大学出版社．1991
[30] 刘心斌．井下油、水两相流测量．哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文，1996．3
[31] 鲁钟琪．两相流与沸腾传热．清华大学出版社，2002
[32] 许科军、陈荣保、张崇巍．自动检测和仪表中的共性技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[33] 张国忠 赵家贵．检测技术．北京：中国计量出版社，2001
[34] 严钟豪、谭祖根．非电量电测技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1994
[35] 徐爱均．智能化测量控制仪表原理与设计．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1995
[36] 李刚．AduC8XX 系列单片机原理与应用技术．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，2002
[37] 杨振江、杜铁军、李群．流行单片机实用子程序及应用实例．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[38] 马忠梅、籍顺心、张凯、马岩．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1999
[39] 梁法春、曹学文、冠杰、林宗虎．多相流流型检测与识别技术 油气储运，2001．(11)：1—4
[40] 含水原油流变规律实验研究．西安石油学院学报(自然科学版)2002．(1)．28—31
[41] 顾春来、董守平．多相流检测技术在石油工业中的应用．石油大学学报(自然科学版)1999．(3)：109—111
[42] 王化祥、吴伟、张淑英、刘俊华．多相界面检测系统及软件算法．自动化仪表，1997．(7)：11—14
[43] 庄海军、彭玉矿、刘兴斌等．集流型流体电容含水率计低流速测量原理．测量技术，1995，19(6)：411—415
[44] 庄海军、吴世旗，彭玉辉．流型对电容含水率计响应的影响．测量技术，1997，21(6)：409—412
[45] 钟兴檀、张新宏等．油水两相持水率非线性模型及真数值解．测量技术．1998．22(6)：404—406
[46] 郑希科、谭珏栋、李进旺等．油水两相流动漂流模型的研究．测量技术，1998，22(3)：178—182
[47] 陈杰、章龙江、严大凡．油—水两相流流型研究．油气田地面工程 2001(1)：6—9
[48] 陈杰、于达、严大凡．油—水两相流流型转换研究．水动力学研究与进展．2003(5)：355—364
[49] 郝雪岩、姚彦秋、李雪松．原油低含水传感器的研制．信息技术 2002(7)：62—63
[50] 刘兴斌等．沾污对取样含水率计的影蛔及传感器的设计原则．测量技术，1995，19(1)，54—57
[51] 王莉田、王玉田、史锦珊、郑龙江．电荷转移式原油含水率传感器的研究．传感器技术 1999．(2)：19—21
[52] 马世勇．射频电容式传感器的研究与应用．传感器技术，2001．(2)：43——45
[53] 陆国强、郑志受等．智能化射频原油含水率测量仪．计量技术 1990．(8)：19—21
[54] 孙克辉、杨欣荣、凌玉华等．重油含水率测量仪传感器的原理与应用．传感器技术．1998(6)：21—23
[55] 黄正华、陈世廉．短波型原油低含水率测定仪的研制．石油大学学报
(自然科学版)．1992(6)：127—130
[56] 黄正华、黄文霞．输油管线原油含水率的在线测量．油气田地面王程．1996(7)：50——52
[57] 黄正华．用传输线法在线测量原油含水率．油气田地面工程．1998(3)：49—51
[58] 黄正华．油水混合介质相对介电常数的研究．油气田地面工程．2000(3)：8—10
[59] 黄正华．原油含水率敏感探头的设计与研究．油气田地面工程．2000(9)．48—50
[60] XEMICS. XE2004 Data Sheet[z]. www.xemics.com, 2001. 6
[61] XEMICS. XE2004 Flyer[z]. www.xemics.com, 2001.6
[62] XEMICS. XE2004 AN2004.1, Application note[z], www.xemics.com,2001.6
[63] XEMICS. XE2004 Application note[z], www.xemics.com, 2001.6
[2] Collier J G. Convective Boiling and Condensation, 3rd edition.Oxford: Claredon Press, 1994
[3] Hewitt G F, Roberts D N. AERE-M2195.1969
[4] Baker O. Oil and Gas Journal. 1954,2,7:185
[5] Taiel Y, Dukler A E. AICHEJ, 1976,22(1) :47～55
[6] Wallis G B. One-Dimensional Two-phase Flow. Mcgraow-Hill, 1969
[7] Bennett A W, Hewitt G F, Kearsy H A. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 1965,180(3c): 1～11
[8] Ishii M, Mishima K. Identification of flow patterns of two-phase flow by mathematical modeling. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 1994,149:111～116
[9] Zwmansky M W. Heat and Thermodynamics, fifth edtion. McGrawHill Book Company. 1957
[10] CHARLES M. The reduction of the Pressure gradientsin oil pipelines[J]. Trans. Cn.Inst. Min. And Met. 1960, 67: 306—310.
[11] MALINOWSKY M S. An experimental study of oil-water and air-oil-water flowing mixtures in horizontal pipes[D]. M. S. Thesis, University of Tulsa, 1975.
[12] RAJINDER Pal. Effect of droplet size on the rheologyof emulsions[J]. AICHE J. 1996, 42(11): 567—574.
[13] TRALLERO J L, SARICA C, BRHLL J P. A study ofoil-water flow pantterns in horizontal pipes[A]. SPEAnn. Tech. Conf. and Exhi.-[C]. Denver, Colorado,U S A, Oct 6-9, SPE36609. 1996. 363-375.
[14] ADLER M N and MEWES D. Flow induced emulsification in the flow of two immiscible liquids in horizontalPiPes[J]. Int. J.MultiPhase Flow, 1997,
23(1): 55-68.
[15] HINZE. Fundamentals of the hydrodynamic mechanismof splitting in dispersion processes[J]. AICHE. J1, 1955, 3: 289—295.
[16] YOUVAL MLYNEK. Drop sizes in an agitated liquid-liquid system[J]. AICHE, 1972, 187—198
[17] CALDERBANK. Physicalrate Process in industrial fermentation. Pant Ⅰ the interfacialarea in gas-liquid contacting with mechanical agitatio[J]. Trans. Inst. Chem. Engrs, 1958, 26: 443—463.
[18] BAUNER N and MOALEM NARON D. Stability analysis of stratified liquid-liquidflow[J]. Int.J. MultiPhaseFlow, 1992, 18(1): 103—121.
[19] ANGELI P. Pressure gradient In horizontal liquid-liquidflows [J]. International Journal Of MultiPhase Flow, 1998, 24: 1183—1203.
[20] Jin Zhenwu, Guo Haimin and Wu Xiling, New Response Equations of Fluid Capacitance Instrument and applications in Multiphase Flows. SPWLA 31 at Annual Logging Symposium, June 24-27, 1990.
[21] Bruce L. Knight, Flow—loop Evaluation of Production-Logging Holdup Meter. The Log Analyst, July-August, 1992.
[22] Calson, N. R., Barnette, J, C., and Davarzani, M. J., Applications of Fluid Capacitance Instrument in Multiphase Flows. Paper B, Transactions, 10th European Formation Evalution Symposium, April 22—25, Alberdeen, Scotland, 1986.
[23] Liu Xingbin, Qiang Xifu, Qiao Hetang,Ma Guifu and Xiong Jianghong. The Theoretical Model for Capacitance Tool and Its Application to Production Logging. Flow Meas. Instru.
[24] Liu Xingbin, Qiang Xifu and Zhuang Haijun. Effect of Water Salinity on Measurement of Ultrashort. Wave Water Cut Meter. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Measuring Techniques for Multiphase Flows, April 10—13, 1995, Nanjing,China, Southeast University Press.1995, pp 296—300.
[25] Merilo M., Dechene R. L., Cichowalas W.M., Void fraction
measurement with rotating field conductance gauge. J. Heat Transfer, 99: 330—332.1977
[26] Andreussi, P., Donfrancesco, A. & Messia,M.An impedance method for the measurement of liquid hold—up in two—phase flow. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 6,1998.
[27] Nydal. Liquid volume fraction measurements with a gamma densitometer and a conductance probe. Multi—phase Production. Published by Elsevier Applied Science London and New York, 1991.
[28] 李海清、乔贺堂．多相流检测技术进展．北京．石油工业出版社，1996
[29] 李海青等．两相流参数检测及应用．杭州．浙江大学出版社．1991
[30] 刘心斌．井下油、水两相流测量．哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文，1996．3
[31] 鲁钟琪．两相流与沸腾传热．清华大学出版社，2002
[32] 许科军、陈荣保、张崇巍．自动检测和仪表中的共性技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[33] 张国忠 赵家贵．检测技术．北京：中国计量出版社，2001
[34] 严钟豪、谭祖根．非电量电测技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1994
[35] 徐爱均．智能化测量控制仪表原理与设计．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1995
[36] 李刚．AduC8XX 系列单片机原理与应用技术．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，2002
[37] 杨振江、杜铁军、李群．流行单片机实用子程序及应用实例．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2002
[38] 马忠梅、籍顺心、张凯、马岩．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1999
[39] 梁法春、曹学文、冠杰、林宗虎．多相流流型检测与识别技术 油气储运，2001．(11)：1—4
[40] 含水原油流变规律实验研究．西安石油学院学报(自然科学版)2002．(1)．28—31
[41] 顾春来、董守平．多相流检测技术在石油工业中的应用．石油大学学报(自然科学版)1999．(3)：109—111
[42] 王化祥、吴伟、张淑英、刘俊华．多相界面检测系统及软件算法．自动化仪表，1997．(7)：11—14
[43] 庄海军、彭玉矿、刘兴斌等．集流型流体电容含水率计低流速测量原理．测量技术，1995，19(6)：411—415
[44] 庄海军、吴世旗，彭玉辉．流型对电容含水率计响应的影响．测量技术，1997，21(6)：409—412
[45] 钟兴檀、张新宏等．油水两相持水率非线性模型及真数值解．测量技术．1998．22(6)：404—406
[46] 郑希科、谭珏栋、李进旺等．油水两相流动漂流模型的研究．测量技术，1998，22(3)：178—182
[47] 陈杰、章龙江、严大凡．油—水两相流流型研究．油气田地面工程 2001(1)：6—9
[48] 陈杰、于达、严大凡．油—水两相流流型转换研究．水动力学研究与进展．2003(5)：355—364
[49] 郝雪岩、姚彦秋、李雪松．原油低含水传感器的研制．信息技术 2002(7)：62—63
[50] 刘兴斌等．沾污对取样含水率计的影蛔及传感器的设计原则．测量技术，1995，19(1)，54—57
[51] 王莉田、王玉田、史锦珊、郑龙江．电荷转移式原油含水率传感器的研究．传感器技术 1999．(2)：19—21
[52] 马世勇．射频电容式传感器的研究与应用．传感器技术，2001．(2)：43——45
[53] 陆国强、郑志受等．智能化射频原油含水率测量仪．计量技术 1990．(8)：19—21
[54] 孙克辉、杨欣荣、凌玉华等．重油含水率测量仪传感器的原理与应用．传感器技术．1998(6)：21—23
[55] 黄正华、陈世廉．短波型原油低含水率测定仪的研制．石油大学学报
(自然科学版)．1992(6)：127—130
[56] 黄正华、黄文霞．输油管线原油含水率的在线测量．油气田地面王程．1996(7)：50——52
[57] 黄正华．用传输线法在线测量原油含水率．油气田地面工程．1998(3)：49—51
[58] 黄正华．油水混合介质相对介电常数的研究．油气田地面工程．2000(3)：8—10
[59] 黄正华．原油含水率敏感探头的设计与研究．油气田地面工程．2000(9)．48—50
[60] XEMICS. XE2004 Data Sheet[z]. www.xemics.com, 2001. 6
[61] XEMICS. XE2004 Flyer[z]. www.xemics.com, 2001.6
[62] XEMICS. XE2004 AN2004.1, Application note[z], www.xemics.com,2001.6
[63] XEMICS. XE2004 Application note[z], www.xemics.com, 2001.6
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |