低温放电等离子体在水处理中的应用
摘要
低温等离子体水处理技术是近20年兴起的新型水处理高级氧化技术。因其处理效率高、操作简便、与环境兼容等优点引起了研究者的广泛关注。它能在常温常压下，通过放电反应直接或间接产生羟基自由基，紫外线和高能冲击波，从而有效降解难生化降解的污染物。我们应用辉光放电电解等离子体技术对水溶液中苯酚类物质进行降解，研究了其中间产物和动力学规律。
论文由六章组成：
第一章 介绍了等离子体的概念，讨论了应用等离子体降解水中有机有毒物质的原理，并对就放电等离子体水处理的几种典型工艺及原理及其发展趋势作一介绍。
第二章 以邻氯苯酚溶液模拟废水，采用接触辉光放电产生的等离子体对其进行了降解研究。考察了浓度、电压、pH值、催化剂等外界条件对降解速率的影响，并探讨了降解机理。
第三章 以菲的水溶液为模拟多环芳烃废水，采用接触辉光放电产生的等离子体对其进行了降解研究。考察了浓度、电压、pH值、催化剂等外界条件对降解速率的影响，并探讨了降解机理。
第四章 通过实验，我们对传统的接触辉光放电等离子体反应器进行了改进，以苯酚为模拟废水，从放电的稳定性，降解效果等方面评价了改进效果，并研究了降解动力学规律和降解机理。
第五章 研究了对硝基甲苯在改进型的等离子体装置中的降解行为，重点探讨了对硝基甲苯降解机理。
第六章 总结了接触辉光放电等离子体水处理技术的特点与水处理过程中的共同点。
Plasma processes are among the emerging technologies for water treatment that were originated from the early 1980's. They have received extensive attentions of the researchers both home and abroad because of their high degradation efficiency, instrumental simplicity, and amenability to the environment. They can produce the powerful oxidizing free radicals to degrade the organic compounds and kill bacteria or virus in water through discharge under ordinary conditions.
This paper includes six chapters:
The chapter 1 reviews the application of low temperature discharge plasma technology in the treatment of water.
Chapter 2 describes the degradation of o-chlorophenol by plasma in a contact glow discharge electrolysis reactor, and also the influence of the initial concentration, pH on the reaction kinetics.
Chapter 3 provides the degradation of phenanthrene by plasma with contact glow discharge electrolysis, and discusses the influence of the initial concentration, pH and different mediums of phenanthrene on the reaction kinetic was investigated.
Chapter 4 demonstrates a modified contact glow discharge electrolysis reactor and evaluates the modification in various aspects.
Chapter 5 further studies the degradation of 4-Nitrotoluene by plasma with direct glow discharge electrolysis, and the influence of the initial concentration, pH on the reaction kinetic was investigated, focusing the mechanistic aspects.
Chapter 6 summarizes the characteristics of CGDE and the common points in the degradation of organic compounds in water.
论文由六章组成：
第一章 介绍了等离子体的概念，讨论了应用等离子体降解水中有机有毒物质的原理，并对就放电等离子体水处理的几种典型工艺及原理及其发展趋势作一介绍。
第二章 以邻氯苯酚溶液模拟废水，采用接触辉光放电产生的等离子体对其进行了降解研究。考察了浓度、电压、pH值、催化剂等外界条件对降解速率的影响，并探讨了降解机理。
第三章 以菲的水溶液为模拟多环芳烃废水，采用接触辉光放电产生的等离子体对其进行了降解研究。考察了浓度、电压、pH值、催化剂等外界条件对降解速率的影响，并探讨了降解机理。
第四章 通过实验，我们对传统的接触辉光放电等离子体反应器进行了改进，以苯酚为模拟废水，从放电的稳定性，降解效果等方面评价了改进效果，并研究了降解动力学规律和降解机理。
第五章 研究了对硝基甲苯在改进型的等离子体装置中的降解行为，重点探讨了对硝基甲苯降解机理。
第六章 总结了接触辉光放电等离子体水处理技术的特点与水处理过程中的共同点。
Plasma processes are among the emerging technologies for water treatment that were originated from the early 1980's. They have received extensive attentions of the researchers both home and abroad because of their high degradation efficiency, instrumental simplicity, and amenability to the environment. They can produce the powerful oxidizing free radicals to degrade the organic compounds and kill bacteria or virus in water through discharge under ordinary conditions.
This paper includes six chapters:
The chapter 1 reviews the application of low temperature discharge plasma technology in the treatment of water.
Chapter 2 describes the degradation of o-chlorophenol by plasma in a contact glow discharge electrolysis reactor, and also the influence of the initial concentration, pH on the reaction kinetics.
Chapter 3 provides the degradation of phenanthrene by plasma with contact glow discharge electrolysis, and discusses the influence of the initial concentration, pH and different mediums of phenanthrene on the reaction kinetic was investigated.
Chapter 4 demonstrates a modified contact glow discharge electrolysis reactor and evaluates the modification in various aspects.
Chapter 5 further studies the degradation of 4-Nitrotoluene by plasma with direct glow discharge electrolysis, and the influence of the initial concentration, pH on the reaction kinetic was investigated, focusing the mechanistic aspects.
Chapter 6 summarizes the characteristics of CGDE and the common points in the degradation of organic compounds in water.
引文
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[2] 赵化侨．等离子体化学及其应用，大学化学，1994，9(4)：1～8
[3] 赵化侨．等离子体化学与工艺．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1993：
[4] 盖轲，高锦章，胡中爱，等，低温等离子体在废水降解中的应用，甘肃环境研究与监测，15(1)2002：64～65
[5] 吴承康，第十三届国际等离子体化学会议总结．力学与实践．1997,19(6)：74～76
[6] 张仁熙，侯建．等离子体技术在环境保护中的应用(上)，上海化工．2000，25(20)：4～5
[7] 侯健，潘循皙，赵太杰等，常压非平衡态等离子体降解挥发性烃类污染物．中国环境科学．1999，19(3)：277～280
[8] 于勇，李晖，张振满等．用低温等离子体技术降解三氟溴甲烷(哈隆1301)．复旦学报．1997，36(1)：84～90
[9] 于勇，王淑惠，潘循等．等离子体降解哈隆类物质中的竞争反应．环境科学．2000，Vol．21，No．3：60～63
[10] Clements J S, Sato M, Davis R H, Preliminary investigation of pre-breakdown phenomena and chemical reactions using a pulsed high voltage discharge in water [J], IEEE transactions on industry application,1987.IA-23(2):224～235
[11] Sharma A. K, Locke B. R, et al, A preliminary study of pulsed streamer corona discharge for degradation of phenol in aqueous solution, Hazardous Waste&Hazardous Material,
1993，10(2)：209～219
[12] 李胜利，李劲，脉冲放电对印染废水脱色效果的实验研究，环境科学，1996，17(1)：13～16
[13] 文岳中，姜玄珍，吴墨，高压脉冲放电降解水中苯乙酮的研究[J]， 中国环境科学，1999，19(5)：406～409
[14] 文岳中，姜玄珍，刘维屏，高压脉冲放电与臭氧氧化联用降解水中对氯苯酚[J]．环境科学，2002，23(2)：73～76
[15] 胡祺昊，王黎明，关志成等．脉冲电流处理印染废水的研究[J]．高压电器，2001，37(6)：11～13
[16] 李劲，叶齐政，郭香会等．电流体直流放电降解水中硝基苯的研究[J]．环境科学，2001，22(5)：99～101
[17] Yuezhong Wen, Xuanzhen Jiang, et al. Degradation of 4-chlorophenol by high voltage pulse corona discharges combined with ozone, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma processing, 2002, 22(1): 175～185
[18] 陈银生，张新胜，袁渭康．高压脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解废水中苯酚[J]．环境科学学报，2002，22(5)：566～569
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[20] 凌一鸣，无声放电等离子体及其应用，电子器件，Vol．20，No．3 Sep．1997 8～17
[21] Eliasson, B.; Kogelschatz, U., Modeling and applications of silent discharge plasmas, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1991, 19(2): 309-323
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