基于纺织企业供应链管理环境下的库存控制的研究
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摘要
在国际竞争的新形势下，纺织企业急需提高市场适应能力和应变能力。同时，纺织行业时尚流行的周期变得越来越短，市场不确定性增加，个性化、短周期、小批量、高频率、快速交货和追求零库存成了现代纺织制造业的显著趋势。
这一切都要求纺织企业改变传统的管理模式，采取先进的库存管理模式和库存控制模型，对企业库存进行优化和控制，既可以保持高的服务水平，又不会造成库存积压，从而降低了库存成本。
本论文的研究内容是管理科学、信息技术在纺织企业中的具体应用，是典型的综合性交叉学科研究实例之一。本论文的研究是从纺织企业实际业务运作模式出发，研究了纺织企业的库存管理模式，并开发了一套适合纺织企业的基于Web的库存管理信息系统。
本论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面：
1)分析了供应链环境下纺织企业库存的若干问题。首先分析了供应链上不确定性因素与库存的问题，详细分析了产生“牛鞭效应”的原因，并找出了解决的方法；其次分析了生产管理、采购策略对库存的影响问题；最后分析了不确定因素对库存风险的影响，并用实例分析了降低库存风险的控制方法。
2)纺织企业库存模型的分析及优化。首先用实例来分析了各种订货决策模型并挑选出最优方案；紧接着，以织厂为原型，分析并优化了纺织企业原料和成品库存管理模型；最后分析了多个仓库如何进行最优控制。
3)系统构建。库存管理信息系统的各个模块的建模，系统分析及构建。
其中，本论文的创新点在于：
1)利用了面向对象的设计方法，采用基于Web技术的三层B／S体系结构思想，在先进的.NET开发平台中实现了整个系统的开发。相比
嘉尹纺织企业群应慈营理环醋子功库疾趁羡叨夕研死护
于其它同类的企业信息管理软件，本论文采用的技术是相当先进的，
其应用必将使企业的信息化建设提高到一个新的水平。
2)本论文将多个仓库纳入一个整体进行集中控制，从库存风险、
库存管理费用和用户满足率来说，可以说是符合企业的整体利益。利用
遗传算法的自适应与学习性能，可以求得比较满意的结果。由于遗传算
法的并行性，可以获得多个满意解，因而可以根据实际情况，比较选择，
具有较好的可替代性，有一定的经济实用价值。
Facing the new international competition, textile enterprises need to raise market adaptive capacity as well as the ability to meet an emergency. Simultaneously, along with market acute competition, the fashion period of textile industry is getting shorter and shorter, it is a remarkable trend for modern textile manufactures to pursue zero stock, short period, small batch, high frequency and quickly delivering.
All these require an advanced inventory control model and inventory management model for the textile enterprise, with them to optimize and control the enterprise stock, thus can keep a high service level, reduce the stock cost without overstock.
The context of this dissertation is a concrete application for textile enterprise on management and information technology and it is one of typical instances of comprehensive crossing discipline. This dissertation has studied the stock management mode of the textile enterprise according to the practical business operation mode and developed a set of management system based on Web, which suits to the textile enterprise.
This thesis mainly focus on the following aspects:
1. Have analyzed the stock problems of textile enterprise under the supply chain. Firstly have analyzed the relationship between the stock and uncertain factors of the supply chain as well as the reason of "ox's whip effect" and the way to solve it. Secondly, have studied the impact on the stock produced by production management and purchasing strategy. Finally, have discussed the impact on the stock venture produced by uncertain factors and the way to reduce stock
venture using an instance.
2. Analysis and optimization of the stock models on textile enterprise. Firstly, have discussed all kinds of ordering decision models and have selected the best one using an instance. Secondly, have analyzed and optimized raw material and production stock models of a weaving factory. At last, have analyzed how to control optimally of many warehouse.
3. System construction. System modeling, systematic analysis and system construction on whole and individual modules of the stock management system.
Among them, the innovation of the thesis consists of the following aspects:
1. With the object-oriented designing method and 3-tied structure based on B/S architecture. The system is developed by the most advanced .NET platform. Compared with other management information systems, the developing technique used in stock management system is the most advanced, which will upgrade the information management for companies to a new level.
2. This thesis has taken many warehouses into a centralized control, which meets the enterprise's whole interests from the point of stock venture the expense of stock management and custom's satisfaction. It can get a relative satisfied result using self-adaptation and study of Genetic Algorithms (GA), and can get a lot of them due to GA's parallelism. Therefore we can choose a better one according to the reality. It will bring us a certain economy value.
Liu Changhui (Textile Engineering) Supervised by Hua Dongping
这一切都要求纺织企业改变传统的管理模式，采取先进的库存管理模式和库存控制模型，对企业库存进行优化和控制，既可以保持高的服务水平，又不会造成库存积压，从而降低了库存成本。
本论文的研究内容是管理科学、信息技术在纺织企业中的具体应用，是典型的综合性交叉学科研究实例之一。本论文的研究是从纺织企业实际业务运作模式出发，研究了纺织企业的库存管理模式，并开发了一套适合纺织企业的基于Web的库存管理信息系统。
本论文的主要内容包括以下几个方面：
1)分析了供应链环境下纺织企业库存的若干问题。首先分析了供应链上不确定性因素与库存的问题，详细分析了产生“牛鞭效应”的原因，并找出了解决的方法；其次分析了生产管理、采购策略对库存的影响问题；最后分析了不确定因素对库存风险的影响，并用实例分析了降低库存风险的控制方法。
2)纺织企业库存模型的分析及优化。首先用实例来分析了各种订货决策模型并挑选出最优方案；紧接着，以织厂为原型，分析并优化了纺织企业原料和成品库存管理模型；最后分析了多个仓库如何进行最优控制。
3)系统构建。库存管理信息系统的各个模块的建模，系统分析及构建。
其中，本论文的创新点在于：
1)利用了面向对象的设计方法，采用基于Web技术的三层B／S体系结构思想，在先进的.NET开发平台中实现了整个系统的开发。相比
嘉尹纺织企业群应慈营理环醋子功库疾趁羡叨夕研死护
于其它同类的企业信息管理软件，本论文采用的技术是相当先进的，
其应用必将使企业的信息化建设提高到一个新的水平。
2)本论文将多个仓库纳入一个整体进行集中控制，从库存风险、
库存管理费用和用户满足率来说，可以说是符合企业的整体利益。利用
遗传算法的自适应与学习性能，可以求得比较满意的结果。由于遗传算
法的并行性，可以获得多个满意解，因而可以根据实际情况，比较选择，
具有较好的可替代性，有一定的经济实用价值。
Facing the new international competition, textile enterprises need to raise market adaptive capacity as well as the ability to meet an emergency. Simultaneously, along with market acute competition, the fashion period of textile industry is getting shorter and shorter, it is a remarkable trend for modern textile manufactures to pursue zero stock, short period, small batch, high frequency and quickly delivering.
All these require an advanced inventory control model and inventory management model for the textile enterprise, with them to optimize and control the enterprise stock, thus can keep a high service level, reduce the stock cost without overstock.
The context of this dissertation is a concrete application for textile enterprise on management and information technology and it is one of typical instances of comprehensive crossing discipline. This dissertation has studied the stock management mode of the textile enterprise according to the practical business operation mode and developed a set of management system based on Web, which suits to the textile enterprise.
This thesis mainly focus on the following aspects:
1. Have analyzed the stock problems of textile enterprise under the supply chain. Firstly have analyzed the relationship between the stock and uncertain factors of the supply chain as well as the reason of "ox's whip effect" and the way to solve it. Secondly, have studied the impact on the stock produced by production management and purchasing strategy. Finally, have discussed the impact on the stock venture produced by uncertain factors and the way to reduce stock
venture using an instance.
2. Analysis and optimization of the stock models on textile enterprise. Firstly, have discussed all kinds of ordering decision models and have selected the best one using an instance. Secondly, have analyzed and optimized raw material and production stock models of a weaving factory. At last, have analyzed how to control optimally of many warehouse.
3. System construction. System modeling, systematic analysis and system construction on whole and individual modules of the stock management system.
Among them, the innovation of the thesis consists of the following aspects:
1. With the object-oriented designing method and 3-tied structure based on B/S architecture. The system is developed by the most advanced .NET platform. Compared with other management information systems, the developing technique used in stock management system is the most advanced, which will upgrade the information management for companies to a new level.
2. This thesis has taken many warehouses into a centralized control, which meets the enterprise's whole interests from the point of stock venture the expense of stock management and custom's satisfaction. It can get a relative satisfied result using self-adaptation and study of Genetic Algorithms (GA), and can get a lot of them due to GA's parallelism. Therefore we can choose a better one according to the reality. It will bring us a certain economy value.
Liu Changhui (Textile Engineering) Supervised by Hua Dongping
引文
[1] 吴迪．纺织企业信息化全景扫描—纺织企业信息化现状调查与分析中国纺织工业协会产业部http: //WWW2. ccw. com. cn/sss0149C01_1. asp
[2] 中创网鞍山分站信息 用信息化提升核心竞争力纺织行业企业信息化建设现状分析，http: //WWW. ctiin. com. cn/hydt/fz/fz0301/fz0130-1. htm
[3] 马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．2000，机械工业出版社，北京
[4] 沈厚才，陶青，陈煜波．供应链管理理论与方法．中国管理科学，2000，(3)：1～9
[5] 赵先德，谢金星．现代供应链管理的几个基本概念．南开管理评论，1999，2(1)：62～66
[6] Jones T C, Riley D W. Using inventory for competitive advantage through supply chain management. Int. J. Phys Distrib Mater Mgme. 1995, 15(5):16～26
[7] 胡双增，张铎．全球化供应链管理．中国物资流通，2000(3)：12～14
[8] 宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．2000．4，经济管理出版社，北京
[9] Richard B Chase, Nicholas J Aquilano, F Robert Jacobs.生产与运作管理：制造与服务．宋国防等译．1999，8，机械工业出版社，北京
[10] 王成，闫培金．企业内控精要．中国经济出版社，1999：191～208
[11] 彭禄斌，赵林度．供应链网状结构中多级库存控制模型．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，32(2)：218～222
[12] 王田苗，胡耀光．基于价值链的企业流程再造与信息集成．清华大学出版社．2002：173～174
[13] 陈剑，黄朔．供应链结构研究进展．系统工程学报，2002，17(3)：246～251
[14] 汪云峰，马士华．供应链上不确定因素与库存．工业工程与管理1999，(5)：37～40
[15] 马土华．现代生产与作业管理．经济管理出版社，1997
[16] 邵晓峰，季建华，黄培清．供应链中的牛鞭效应分析．东华大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，27(4)：119～123
[17] Forrester J. Industrial Dynamics. New York: IT Press, and John Wiley& Sons Inc, 1961:21
[18] Sterman J D. Modeling managerial behavior: Misperceptions of feedback in a dynamics decision making experiment. Management Science, 1989, 35: 321～339
[19] Hau L Lee, Padmanabhan V, Seungjin Whang, Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect. Management Science, 1997, 43: 546～558
[20] Manuel P Baganha, Morris A Cohen. The stabilizing effect of inventory in supply chains. Operations Research, 1998, 46(3): 72～83
[21] Peter kelle, Alistair Milne. The effect of (s, S) ordering policy on the supply chain. Int. J Production Economics, 1999, 59: 113～122
[22] Frank Chen, Jennifer K Ryan, David Simchi-Levi. The impact of exponential smoothing forecasts on the bullwhip effect. Naval Research Logistics, 2000, 47: 269～286
[23] Frank Chen, Zvi Drezner, Jennifer K Ryan, et al. Quantifying the bullwhip effect in a simple supply chain: the impact of forecasting, lead time, and information. Management Science, 2000, 46(3): 436～443
[24] 王一凡，陈志祥．中国企业供应链管理现状调查分析——销售与售后服务．管理科学学报，1998，(3)：83～88
[25] 陈志祥，王一凡．中国企业供应链管理现状调查分析——供应与库存管理．物流技术，1999，(2)：28～32
[26] 刘字海，罗新星．企业资源计划与面向供需链的管理．管理信息系统，2000，(3)：53～55
[27] 齐二石，霍艳芳等．CIMS环境下的ERP管理模式——概念、理论及
实施研究．工业工程，2000，3(1)11～13．
[28] Fisher M L. What is the right supply chain for your product? Harvard Business Rev, 1997, 75(2)
[29] John Dwyer. Who's clear headed about ERP. Manufacturing Computer Solutions, January 1996
[30] Porter M E．竞争优势．陈小悦译，1997，华夏出版社，北京
[31] Donald A Hicks, Kathryn Stake. The ERP Maze: Enterprise Resources Planning and Other Production and Inventory Control [J]. IIE Solutions, 1995, 27(8): 12～15
[32] 陈武，杨家本．采购过程风险管理．系统工程理论与实践，2000(6)：54～55
[33] 解琨，刘凯．降低企业库存风险问题研究．中国安全科学学报，2002，12(5)：31～34
[34] Supply Chain Management. Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl Prentic Hall, 2000: 56～65
[35] 宋福根．现代企业决策与决策支持系统．1996，中国纺织大学出版社，上海，135～137
[36] 潘玮．基于供应链管理的制造业物料管理系统研究与开发．硕士论文，2000：39～44
[37] Richard B. Chase, Nicxholas J. Aquilano, F. Robert. Jacobs. Production and Operations management: manufacturing and services.机械工业出版社，1998，7：585～613
[38] Jay Heizer, Barry Render. principles of operations management.北京大学出版社 2002：471～510
[39] Ronald H．Ballou．企业物流管理一供应链的规划、组织和控制．机械工业出版社，2002：198～383
[40] 秦明森．物流技术手册．中国物资出版社．2002：705～738
[41] 蒋旻伟．基于Web的纺织企业生产管理信息系统的研究与开发．硕士论文，2003：33
[42] CHAI Yueting, HAN Jian, LI Fangyun. Research of agile supply chain
based on coordination center[J] . Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 1998,4(4):26～29
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[51] Jay Heizer, Barry Render.Principles of Operations Management. 北京大学出版社，2002
[2] 中创网鞍山分站信息 用信息化提升核心竞争力纺织行业企业信息化建设现状分析，http: //WWW. ctiin. com. cn/hydt/fz/fz0301/fz0130-1. htm
[3] 马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．2000，机械工业出版社，北京
[4] 沈厚才，陶青，陈煜波．供应链管理理论与方法．中国管理科学，2000，(3)：1～9
[5] 赵先德，谢金星．现代供应链管理的几个基本概念．南开管理评论，1999，2(1)：62～66
[6] Jones T C, Riley D W. Using inventory for competitive advantage through supply chain management. Int. J. Phys Distrib Mater Mgme. 1995, 15(5):16～26
[7] 胡双增，张铎．全球化供应链管理．中国物资流通，2000(3)：12～14
[8] 宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．2000．4，经济管理出版社，北京
[9] Richard B Chase, Nicholas J Aquilano, F Robert Jacobs.生产与运作管理：制造与服务．宋国防等译．1999，8，机械工业出版社，北京
[10] 王成，闫培金．企业内控精要．中国经济出版社，1999：191～208
[11] 彭禄斌，赵林度．供应链网状结构中多级库存控制模型．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2002，32(2)：218～222
[12] 王田苗，胡耀光．基于价值链的企业流程再造与信息集成．清华大学出版社．2002：173～174
[13] 陈剑，黄朔．供应链结构研究进展．系统工程学报，2002，17(3)：246～251
[14] 汪云峰，马士华．供应链上不确定因素与库存．工业工程与管理1999，(5)：37～40
[15] 马土华．现代生产与作业管理．经济管理出版社，1997
[16] 邵晓峰，季建华，黄培清．供应链中的牛鞭效应分析．东华大学学报(自然科学版)，2001，27(4)：119～123
[17] Forrester J. Industrial Dynamics. New York: IT Press, and John Wiley& Sons Inc, 1961:21
[18] Sterman J D. Modeling managerial behavior: Misperceptions of feedback in a dynamics decision making experiment. Management Science, 1989, 35: 321～339
[19] Hau L Lee, Padmanabhan V, Seungjin Whang, Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect. Management Science, 1997, 43: 546～558
[20] Manuel P Baganha, Morris A Cohen. The stabilizing effect of inventory in supply chains. Operations Research, 1998, 46(3): 72～83
[21] Peter kelle, Alistair Milne. The effect of (s, S) ordering policy on the supply chain. Int. J Production Economics, 1999, 59: 113～122
[22] Frank Chen, Jennifer K Ryan, David Simchi-Levi. The impact of exponential smoothing forecasts on the bullwhip effect. Naval Research Logistics, 2000, 47: 269～286
[23] Frank Chen, Zvi Drezner, Jennifer K Ryan, et al. Quantifying the bullwhip effect in a simple supply chain: the impact of forecasting, lead time, and information. Management Science, 2000, 46(3): 436～443
[24] 王一凡，陈志祥．中国企业供应链管理现状调查分析——销售与售后服务．管理科学学报，1998，(3)：83～88
[25] 陈志祥，王一凡．中国企业供应链管理现状调查分析——供应与库存管理．物流技术，1999，(2)：28～32
[26] 刘字海，罗新星．企业资源计划与面向供需链的管理．管理信息系统，2000，(3)：53～55
[27] 齐二石，霍艳芳等．CIMS环境下的ERP管理模式——概念、理论及
实施研究．工业工程，2000，3(1)11～13．
[28] Fisher M L. What is the right supply chain for your product? Harvard Business Rev, 1997, 75(2)
[29] John Dwyer. Who's clear headed about ERP. Manufacturing Computer Solutions, January 1996
[30] Porter M E．竞争优势．陈小悦译，1997，华夏出版社，北京
[31] Donald A Hicks, Kathryn Stake. The ERP Maze: Enterprise Resources Planning and Other Production and Inventory Control [J]. IIE Solutions, 1995, 27(8): 12～15
[32] 陈武，杨家本．采购过程风险管理．系统工程理论与实践，2000(6)：54～55
[33] 解琨，刘凯．降低企业库存风险问题研究．中国安全科学学报，2002，12(5)：31～34
[34] Supply Chain Management. Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl Prentic Hall, 2000: 56～65
[35] 宋福根．现代企业决策与决策支持系统．1996，中国纺织大学出版社，上海，135～137
[36] 潘玮．基于供应链管理的制造业物料管理系统研究与开发．硕士论文，2000：39～44
[37] Richard B. Chase, Nicxholas J. Aquilano, F. Robert. Jacobs. Production and Operations management: manufacturing and services.机械工业出版社，1998，7：585～613
[38] Jay Heizer, Barry Render. principles of operations management.北京大学出版社 2002：471～510
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