基于WWW的信息查询服务方式研究
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摘要
网络化环境下，信息服务已不再限于传统服务中的手工检索和借阅印刷文献，而是通过万维网(WWW)来传递和提供数字化信息。正是Internet赋予了用户的信息意识，培养了其信息查询的习惯，造就了其信息需求多样化的特征，提高了其对网络信息查询服务的质量的要求。然而，新旧信息的交织和网络检索工具的层出不穷，导致了用户检索出大量冗余信息，也增加了用户识别信息的负担，更影响了用户的信息查准率和检索速度。在此背景下，从最终用户角度来研究基于WWW的信息服务就具有特殊意义。
网络信息服务以网络信息查询为基础。网络信息查询的特异性在于网络环境下引起的资源分布化和数字技术带来的信息资源多媒体化，这在一定程度上增加了信息查询服务研究的复杂性。由于不同种类和不同层次的用户有着不同的信息需求，他们要求信息系统提供不同层次的信息资源，但这种层次是建立在开放性信息服务系统及其内部信息资源基础之上的。而用户就是信息资源序化和优化的推动力。这里的用户，是指接受信息并利用信息完成自己研究、教学等各类任务的用户，他们一般没有或很少接受有关计算机管理和信息检索的专门培训，习惯上也称为普通用户，也即文中所称的最终用户。最终用户从信息系统里获取信息资源是连续性的，往往也是有目的性的。最终用户的需求和习惯与信息专业人员有很大差异，尽管联机信息系统拥有信息质量高和可靠性强的数据库，但由于价格、检索功能、检索方式等对用户的限制以及市场上充满了类似的产品等诸多因素，把最终用户带入两难的处境。
本文研究的创新之处就在于，从最终用户角度而非信息专业人员角度来研究和评价网络信息服务系统。随着信息技术的日新月异，信息服务商普遍重视的是信息检索技巧、信息技术的变化等，而忽视了信息服务最直接的对象——最终用户，他们的信息素质、信息需求和行为是提高信息查询服务的关键因素。因此，本文选取信息服务最直接的对象——最终用户作为研究的视角，在阐述网络化信息服务形成的信息化环境及信息查询服务发展变化的背景下，分析最终用户的特征及其信息需求的多样性和复杂性，在此基础上，对国内外两个著名的信息服务系统OCLC FirstSearch(第一检索)和DIALOG进行了深入、细致的对比分析。由于OCLC FirstSearch和DIALOG两个系统分别是非盈利组织与盈利组织的代表，又都是面向最终用户的，集信息组织、检索、提供于一体的功能强大的信息服务系统，因而，以这两个在国内较为常用的系统作为研究WWW信息服务的案例具有代表性。
本文选题的目标在于提出，基于WWW的信息查询服务系统必须重视最终用户的信息需求，提供方便、友好的查询界面，并从最终用户的消费能力和利益出发制定合理的收费标准，不断地优化信息服务质量，以满足用户信息需求的广泛性、动态性、综合性、多层
华东帅范大学硕七学位论文
信息学系张怡
性以及查询信息手段的多样性等特点。同时，最终用户也应努力提高自身的信息素质和能
力，在多种信息服务系统中灵活、能动地选择合适的系统来获取快速、有用的信息内容，
以最大程度地满足其信息需求。所以说，网络环境卜信息服务的改变是必然的社会要求，
信息服务质量的提高有利于全社会信息素质的提高和信息利用的广泛性，本文的研究具有
社会意义和实际的应用价值。
作者通过使用对比方法、统计方法、表格、流程图等，力求完整地分析、说明问题，
清晰地阐明作者的观点和见解。本文共分五章进行论述:
第1章引言:介绍了论文的研究背景，信息商品、信息服务价格、最终用户等概念以
及信息查询课题的提出;
第2章网络环境下的信息服务的转变:分析了信息用户所处网络化环境，以及信息服
务在方式、内容、对象、观念、手段上的变化，并提出网络信息服务应由信息技术为重转
向以用户为本;
第3章网络环境下的信息用户的需求分析:论述了网络环境下的最终用户特征及其信
息需求的网络化、开放化、集成化、多样化等，并对用户信息需求作了经济学分析，为下
文的信息服务收费问题作铺垫;
第4章基于WWW的信启、查询服务系统:比较了W娜检索_}几具和WWW信息服务系统的异
同点，着重从内容覆盖面和容量、运行环境、Web检索入口、检索模式、检索结果、检索
输出格式、用户界面、价格与服务费用、用户培训和产品支持等方面对OCLC Firstsearch
和DIALOG进行详细的对比分析:
第5章用户使用信息系统的障碍及对策:综合分析影响最终用户获取信息的主、客观
因素，和}现有信息、服务在满足用户需求方面存在的问题。最后提出最终用户选择信息服务
系统的儿项标准，及提高信息服务质量和系统应用性的对策，实现向用户提供序化和优化
的信息资源。
In the networking environment, information service is no longer confined to the traditional modes of manually searching and browsing printed materials. The World Wide Web (WWW) provides a channel for transmitting and publishing digitized information. The uses of the Internet raise users' awareness of the importance of information and accustom them to information search. They also contribute to the heterogeneity of users' information needs and their growing expectations for the improvement of the quality of information services. However, the overabundance of old and new information, and rapid emergence of web-based search engines have generated a great amount of redundant search results and affected the efficiency and accuracy in terms of users' search efforts. Given this situation, it is worthwhile to take a look at the information services available on the WWW from the end users' perspective.
Network information services are based on network information search. The peculiarity of information search in the networking environment lies in the multimedia characteristics of information as a result of wide distribution and digitization of data sources, which makes it more complicated for our research, to some extent. Since there exist various types of users from various social strata, the information they need comes from different layers of sources. Such layering is based on an open information service system with its inherent information resources. Users are the incentive for organizing and optimizing these resources. We define users to be those people who receive and employ information in their various research and teaching activities. Generally speaking, they have little formal training in computerized management or information search. They are customarily known as common users, or end users as above mentioned. End users elicit information from systems continuously, often to a given end, but they have considerable differences from professional users of information systems in terms of needs and habits. Although online information systems are backed up by high-quality, reliable databases, users are constrained by factors such as prices, search capabilities and search methods, and puzzled by a surfeit of similar systems available on the market. Thus, users are often left in a dilemma as to effective utilization of these systems.
This paper presents a unique analysis and evaluation of the networked information service systems from the perspective of end users instead of system professionals. Despite the miraculous growth of information technologies, information service providers tend to focus their attention on search techniques and technological changes, but overlook end users whom their services are supposed to target. However, users' awareness of, needs for and behavior related to information are vital to the improvement of information search services. Thus, the paper zeros in on end users, the direct targets of information service, to analyze their characteristics and the diversity and complexity of their information needs in light of the informationized environment in which networked information search services arose and of the evolution of these services. Based on this analysis, the paper goes further to make an in-depth, detailed comparative study of two well-known information service systems, i.e. OCLC FirstSearch and DIALOG. Since both are powerful systems in relatively common use, capable of organization, search and provision of information and oriented toward end users, they make representative subjects of a case study of the information service systems residing on the WWW.
The purpose of this paper is to underscore the importance for web-based information service systems to emphasize end users' information needs, provide user-friendly interfaces, enhance the quality of service, and validate the criteria for service charges, with a view to accommodating users' extensive, dynamic, synthetic, and multi-layered information needs and diverse means of information search. On the other hand, end users oug
网络信息服务以网络信息查询为基础。网络信息查询的特异性在于网络环境下引起的资源分布化和数字技术带来的信息资源多媒体化，这在一定程度上增加了信息查询服务研究的复杂性。由于不同种类和不同层次的用户有着不同的信息需求，他们要求信息系统提供不同层次的信息资源，但这种层次是建立在开放性信息服务系统及其内部信息资源基础之上的。而用户就是信息资源序化和优化的推动力。这里的用户，是指接受信息并利用信息完成自己研究、教学等各类任务的用户，他们一般没有或很少接受有关计算机管理和信息检索的专门培训，习惯上也称为普通用户，也即文中所称的最终用户。最终用户从信息系统里获取信息资源是连续性的，往往也是有目的性的。最终用户的需求和习惯与信息专业人员有很大差异，尽管联机信息系统拥有信息质量高和可靠性强的数据库，但由于价格、检索功能、检索方式等对用户的限制以及市场上充满了类似的产品等诸多因素，把最终用户带入两难的处境。
本文研究的创新之处就在于，从最终用户角度而非信息专业人员角度来研究和评价网络信息服务系统。随着信息技术的日新月异，信息服务商普遍重视的是信息检索技巧、信息技术的变化等，而忽视了信息服务最直接的对象——最终用户，他们的信息素质、信息需求和行为是提高信息查询服务的关键因素。因此，本文选取信息服务最直接的对象——最终用户作为研究的视角，在阐述网络化信息服务形成的信息化环境及信息查询服务发展变化的背景下，分析最终用户的特征及其信息需求的多样性和复杂性，在此基础上，对国内外两个著名的信息服务系统OCLC FirstSearch(第一检索)和DIALOG进行了深入、细致的对比分析。由于OCLC FirstSearch和DIALOG两个系统分别是非盈利组织与盈利组织的代表，又都是面向最终用户的，集信息组织、检索、提供于一体的功能强大的信息服务系统，因而，以这两个在国内较为常用的系统作为研究WWW信息服务的案例具有代表性。
本文选题的目标在于提出，基于WWW的信息查询服务系统必须重视最终用户的信息需求，提供方便、友好的查询界面，并从最终用户的消费能力和利益出发制定合理的收费标准，不断地优化信息服务质量，以满足用户信息需求的广泛性、动态性、综合性、多层
华东帅范大学硕七学位论文
信息学系张怡
性以及查询信息手段的多样性等特点。同时，最终用户也应努力提高自身的信息素质和能
力，在多种信息服务系统中灵活、能动地选择合适的系统来获取快速、有用的信息内容，
以最大程度地满足其信息需求。所以说，网络环境卜信息服务的改变是必然的社会要求，
信息服务质量的提高有利于全社会信息素质的提高和信息利用的广泛性，本文的研究具有
社会意义和实际的应用价值。
作者通过使用对比方法、统计方法、表格、流程图等，力求完整地分析、说明问题，
清晰地阐明作者的观点和见解。本文共分五章进行论述:
第1章引言:介绍了论文的研究背景，信息商品、信息服务价格、最终用户等概念以
及信息查询课题的提出;
第2章网络环境下的信息服务的转变:分析了信息用户所处网络化环境，以及信息服
务在方式、内容、对象、观念、手段上的变化，并提出网络信息服务应由信息技术为重转
向以用户为本;
第3章网络环境下的信息用户的需求分析:论述了网络环境下的最终用户特征及其信
息需求的网络化、开放化、集成化、多样化等，并对用户信息需求作了经济学分析，为下
文的信息服务收费问题作铺垫;
第4章基于WWW的信启、查询服务系统:比较了W娜检索_}几具和WWW信息服务系统的异
同点，着重从内容覆盖面和容量、运行环境、Web检索入口、检索模式、检索结果、检索
输出格式、用户界面、价格与服务费用、用户培训和产品支持等方面对OCLC Firstsearch
和DIALOG进行详细的对比分析:
第5章用户使用信息系统的障碍及对策:综合分析影响最终用户获取信息的主、客观
因素，和}现有信息、服务在满足用户需求方面存在的问题。最后提出最终用户选择信息服务
系统的儿项标准，及提高信息服务质量和系统应用性的对策，实现向用户提供序化和优化
的信息资源。
In the networking environment, information service is no longer confined to the traditional modes of manually searching and browsing printed materials. The World Wide Web (WWW) provides a channel for transmitting and publishing digitized information. The uses of the Internet raise users' awareness of the importance of information and accustom them to information search. They also contribute to the heterogeneity of users' information needs and their growing expectations for the improvement of the quality of information services. However, the overabundance of old and new information, and rapid emergence of web-based search engines have generated a great amount of redundant search results and affected the efficiency and accuracy in terms of users' search efforts. Given this situation, it is worthwhile to take a look at the information services available on the WWW from the end users' perspective.
Network information services are based on network information search. The peculiarity of information search in the networking environment lies in the multimedia characteristics of information as a result of wide distribution and digitization of data sources, which makes it more complicated for our research, to some extent. Since there exist various types of users from various social strata, the information they need comes from different layers of sources. Such layering is based on an open information service system with its inherent information resources. Users are the incentive for organizing and optimizing these resources. We define users to be those people who receive and employ information in their various research and teaching activities. Generally speaking, they have little formal training in computerized management or information search. They are customarily known as common users, or end users as above mentioned. End users elicit information from systems continuously, often to a given end, but they have considerable differences from professional users of information systems in terms of needs and habits. Although online information systems are backed up by high-quality, reliable databases, users are constrained by factors such as prices, search capabilities and search methods, and puzzled by a surfeit of similar systems available on the market. Thus, users are often left in a dilemma as to effective utilization of these systems.
This paper presents a unique analysis and evaluation of the networked information service systems from the perspective of end users instead of system professionals. Despite the miraculous growth of information technologies, information service providers tend to focus their attention on search techniques and technological changes, but overlook end users whom their services are supposed to target. However, users' awareness of, needs for and behavior related to information are vital to the improvement of information search services. Thus, the paper zeros in on end users, the direct targets of information service, to analyze their characteristics and the diversity and complexity of their information needs in light of the informationized environment in which networked information search services arose and of the evolution of these services. Based on this analysis, the paper goes further to make an in-depth, detailed comparative study of two well-known information service systems, i.e. OCLC FirstSearch and DIALOG. Since both are powerful systems in relatively common use, capable of organization, search and provision of information and oriented toward end users, they make representative subjects of a case study of the information service systems residing on the WWW.
The purpose of this paper is to underscore the importance for web-based information service systems to emphasize end users' information needs, provide user-friendly interfaces, enhance the quality of service, and validate the criteria for service charges, with a view to accommodating users' extensive, dynamic, synthetic, and multi-layered information needs and diverse means of information search. On the other hand, end users oug
引文
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