中学古诗词教学的反思与实践研究
摘要
中国曾经是一个泱泱诗歌大国。我们的祖先十分看重诗歌对人的教育作用，有时甚至把诗教放到教育的首要地位。今天，我们也要重视古诗词教学。中学古诗词教学是素质教育的一个重要组成部分，它对推动中学语文德育目标、美育目标、智育目标的实现有着深远的意义。
从中学古诗词教学研究的现状来看，还只是停留在局部的、肤浅的研究上。本文既力图把中学古诗词教学放在诗歌美学、语文教学心理学、语文教育学的理论视野里来审视和考察，又想把中学古诗词教学作为一种独特的教学景观进行实践性的研究。希望通过对中学古诗词教学现状的梳理和反思，对传统诗歌教学经验的回顾，来去芜存精，以便匡正弊端，进而在吸收诗歌美学、语文教育学、语文教育心理学原理的基础上，谈谈自己对中学古诗词教学的一些实践性的研究，试图在实践中寻求中学古诗词教学的多种形式、多种手段，拟解决中学古诗词教学误区中所存在的一些关键问题，全文分为四章：
第一章是导论，主要是通过对传统诗教的回顾来进一步阐明中学古诗词教学的意义。其意义主要表现在对中学语文德育目标、美育目标、智育目标实现的推动上。另外还说明了本文的研究目标、研究内容、研究方法和拟解决的关键问题。
第二章是对中学古诗词教学现状的梳理和反思。就现状而言，中学古诗词教学正在加强，但也存在着一些误区，如教学能级梯度的模糊，教学过程中对学生主体的忽视，评价体系的不科学等。
第三章是中学古诗词教学的理论探究与实践研究。理论探究方面是从格式塔心理学理论和诗的本质论的角度谈对中学古诗词教学的启示，要求在中学古诗词教学过程中树立整体观、情感观、诵读观。在此基础上进行了五种课型的尝试研究，即诗歌朗诵课、诗歌鉴赏课、诗歌写作课、“诗音画意”课和诗歌主题教学课。
第四章是结语，一方面是对前三章内容的梳理总结，另一方面还对前三章内容作补充说明，前面的实践研究是否有效，要看一定的教学评价体系，还要看语文教师的个人素质是否能娴熟地驾驭那五种课型。教学效果的评价有显性的和隐性的评价。要搞好中学古诗词教学，语文教师要有较好的专业素养。
China once was a vast country rich in poems. Our ancestors greatly emphasized the importance of poems and once put it the key position in education. Nowadays we still attach importance to the education of ancient poems, which we consider as an important part of the quality education. It has a far-reading significance on middle school's moral and intelligence education.
From the present state of ancient poem teaching, we still warder around the study of partial and superficial study. The article not only puts ancient poems into the understanding and study of the esthetics of poesy, Chinese teaching psychology and Chinese teaching but also wants to put ancient poems teaching into practical study. Through the consider of present ancient poems and the review of traditional poem teaching experience, we want to have a practical discussion and study on ancient poem teaching based on esthetics of poesy, psychology on Chinese teaching and contemporary Chinese pedagogy, trying to seek various teaching methods in middle school ancient poems teaching to settle the key problems in poem teaching.
Chapter one is the guide statement, mainly to state the significance of middle school ancient poem teaching through the review of traditional poem teaching. The significance is mainly expressed in the promotion and achievement on middle school aim of Chinese moral education, esthetics education and intelligent education.
Chapter 2 is mainly about the summary and review of middle school ancient poem teaching state. As to the present state, the middle school ancient poem teaching is being strengthened but meanwhile some mistakes still exist, such as the out of focus of grading in teaching, the negligence of students principal and the unscientific evaluating system.
Chapter 3 is about the theoretical and practical study. The theoretical study mainly talks about the revelation in the teaching of ancient poems from the aspects of Gestalt Psychology and essence, requiring the cultivation of integer viewpoint, sentiment viewpoint and chant viewpoint, on the basis of which five new kinds of courses are carried out, including poem appreciation, poem reading, poem writing, 'poem-sound and picture-meaning' and poem principal.
Chapter 4 is the epilogue, giving a summary of the previous 3 chapters and some supplement that whether the previous practical study is efficient depends on two points, that is, the teaching evaluation system and the ability of Chinese teachers by which whether they can rein the five courses. The evaluation of teaching effect comprises two kinds, apparent and recessive. To advocate middle school poem teaching, Chinese teachers' major accomplishment must be improved first.
This thesis is only my personal opinion through my practical study during my middle school poem teaching, by which I am trying to seek various teaching methods in poem education and settle the key problems in the teaching of middle school ancient poems. All these detailed activities in my teaching practice are only some exploring study. To realize the ideal state, we, all Chinese teachers and workers, should make our joint efforts.
从中学古诗词教学研究的现状来看，还只是停留在局部的、肤浅的研究上。本文既力图把中学古诗词教学放在诗歌美学、语文教学心理学、语文教育学的理论视野里来审视和考察，又想把中学古诗词教学作为一种独特的教学景观进行实践性的研究。希望通过对中学古诗词教学现状的梳理和反思，对传统诗歌教学经验的回顾，来去芜存精，以便匡正弊端，进而在吸收诗歌美学、语文教育学、语文教育心理学原理的基础上，谈谈自己对中学古诗词教学的一些实践性的研究，试图在实践中寻求中学古诗词教学的多种形式、多种手段，拟解决中学古诗词教学误区中所存在的一些关键问题，全文分为四章：
第一章是导论，主要是通过对传统诗教的回顾来进一步阐明中学古诗词教学的意义。其意义主要表现在对中学语文德育目标、美育目标、智育目标实现的推动上。另外还说明了本文的研究目标、研究内容、研究方法和拟解决的关键问题。
第二章是对中学古诗词教学现状的梳理和反思。就现状而言，中学古诗词教学正在加强，但也存在着一些误区，如教学能级梯度的模糊，教学过程中对学生主体的忽视，评价体系的不科学等。
第三章是中学古诗词教学的理论探究与实践研究。理论探究方面是从格式塔心理学理论和诗的本质论的角度谈对中学古诗词教学的启示，要求在中学古诗词教学过程中树立整体观、情感观、诵读观。在此基础上进行了五种课型的尝试研究，即诗歌朗诵课、诗歌鉴赏课、诗歌写作课、“诗音画意”课和诗歌主题教学课。
第四章是结语，一方面是对前三章内容的梳理总结，另一方面还对前三章内容作补充说明，前面的实践研究是否有效，要看一定的教学评价体系，还要看语文教师的个人素质是否能娴熟地驾驭那五种课型。教学效果的评价有显性的和隐性的评价。要搞好中学古诗词教学，语文教师要有较好的专业素养。
China once was a vast country rich in poems. Our ancestors greatly emphasized the importance of poems and once put it the key position in education. Nowadays we still attach importance to the education of ancient poems, which we consider as an important part of the quality education. It has a far-reading significance on middle school's moral and intelligence education.
From the present state of ancient poem teaching, we still warder around the study of partial and superficial study. The article not only puts ancient poems into the understanding and study of the esthetics of poesy, Chinese teaching psychology and Chinese teaching but also wants to put ancient poems teaching into practical study. Through the consider of present ancient poems and the review of traditional poem teaching experience, we want to have a practical discussion and study on ancient poem teaching based on esthetics of poesy, psychology on Chinese teaching and contemporary Chinese pedagogy, trying to seek various teaching methods in middle school ancient poems teaching to settle the key problems in poem teaching.
Chapter one is the guide statement, mainly to state the significance of middle school ancient poem teaching through the review of traditional poem teaching. The significance is mainly expressed in the promotion and achievement on middle school aim of Chinese moral education, esthetics education and intelligent education.
Chapter 2 is mainly about the summary and review of middle school ancient poem teaching state. As to the present state, the middle school ancient poem teaching is being strengthened but meanwhile some mistakes still exist, such as the out of focus of grading in teaching, the negligence of students principal and the unscientific evaluating system.
Chapter 3 is about the theoretical and practical study. The theoretical study mainly talks about the revelation in the teaching of ancient poems from the aspects of Gestalt Psychology and essence, requiring the cultivation of integer viewpoint, sentiment viewpoint and chant viewpoint, on the basis of which five new kinds of courses are carried out, including poem appreciation, poem reading, poem writing, 'poem-sound and picture-meaning' and poem principal.
Chapter 4 is the epilogue, giving a summary of the previous 3 chapters and some supplement that whether the previous practical study is efficient depends on two points, that is, the teaching evaluation system and the ability of Chinese teachers by which whether they can rein the five courses. The evaluation of teaching effect comprises two kinds, apparent and recessive. To advocate middle school poem teaching, Chinese teachers' major accomplishment must be improved first.
This thesis is only my personal opinion through my practical study during my middle school poem teaching, by which I am trying to seek various teaching methods in poem education and settle the key problems in the teaching of middle school ancient poems. All these detailed activities in my teaching practice are only some exploring study. To realize the ideal state, we, all Chinese teachers and workers, should make our joint efforts.
引文
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