用户名: 密码: 验证码:
中外企业管理层收购(MBO)比较研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
从英国经济学家麦克·莱特(Mike Wright)于1980年正式定义了管理层收购(MBO)现象,至今已经20余年了。通过西方的实践证明,国外的管理层收购在激励内部人积极性、降低代理成本、改善企业经营状况等方面起到了积极的作用,因而被广泛应用并迅速发展完善。国外上市公司一般在分拆业务、剥离资产、反敌意收购以及多元化经营的母公司为避免财务危机和筹集现金从而剥离子公司等情况下实施管理层收购,因此MBO在西方完全是一种市场化行为。
    
    目前我国在上市公司中推行管理层收购的目的则大多是为了国有企业中的国有资本退出和改制或是民营企业为明晰产权和激励高层管理人员等,行政性安排在管理层收购中起到了决定性的作用,因而与国外管理层收购在产生背景和出发点等方面不仅相差甚远,甚至因此产生了一些问题。由于相关的政策和法律法规滞后出台,在实际操作中产生的一系列违规行为以及造成的后果更加剧了人们对MBO认识上的分歧,引发了对国有资产流失的担心和疑问。以至于政府监管部门对上市公司和非上市公司的MBO“叫停”,而专家们则一致认为“迄今为止,中国尚未出现一例真正意义上的MBO”。
    
    基于此,本篇论文试图采用比较研究的分析方法对中外企业MBO的案例进行分析,对比两者在不同的社会环境、经济体制和行业背景下,在赋予MBO的作用和意义上的不同,分析总结MBO前后对企业竞争力(包括组织结构、业务结构、组织文化、发展战略和管理绩效)的影响,总结MBO对企业发展的战略意义,提出对中国企业在未来实施MBO改制时可借鉴的建议和对策。同时,本论文也试图通过中外企业MBO成功和失败案例的分析,探讨MBO作为一种企业“交易战略”的手段对企业发展的推动作用,力图总结一些对中国企业改革发展有益的成功经验,为中国企业不断提高国际竞争力和保持持续发展的能力提供有益的参考,因此本论文具有一定的实用性和现实意义。
    
    通过比较研究本文得出,对中国企业而言,管理层收购(MBO)是中国企业产权改革的一种可供选择的方式。从企业MBO之后的实施效果看,改制并非是在短期内解决企业一切管理问题的灵丹妙药,而通过改制提高企业的核心竞争力,促进企业发展,才是MBO成功的关键之所在。由于国情不同,目前我国企业的MBO存在较大局限性,尽管如此,它仍不失为在现有条件下进行国有经济的战略性重组以及企业产权改革的一个有益尝试,特别是对民营企业来说,当产权问题成为阻碍企业发展的绊脚石时,作为企业明晰产权、体现企业家价值和激励企业家的一种方法,对在未来将占有中国经济举足轻重地位的民营经济、对具有巨大发展潜力的民营资本和富于开拓进取精神的民营企业家来说,管理层收购(MBO)无疑具有积极的借鉴意义,通过MBO进行改制也必将是未来我国企业进一步深化产权改革的发展趋势。
It has been more than 20 years since Mike Wright, an Economist of UK gave the official definition of the phenomenon of Management Buy-outs (MBO) in 1980. It has been proved by the western practice that MBOs has played an active role in the aspects of increasing internal motivation, decreasing agency cost as well as improving a company' operational performance and managerial capabilities. That's why it has been widely applied. The MBO is usually used by foreign listed companies in business divestiture, spin-off, anti-hostile acquisition, as well as by diversified parent companies when in need for raising cash in order to avoid financial crisis or to divest their subsidiaries, therefore it is purely market-oriented.
    
    While the purposes for MBO to be introduced among the domestically listed companies are mainly for the withdrawal of state assets from the state-owned enterprises and system transformation, or for the private enterprises' identifying property rights and motivating the management, the administrative arrangement has played a decisive role in the management buy-outs, therefore there creates a difference in terms of the background and starting point for the MBO to emerge abroad, and has even caused some problems. Furthermore, a series of violation activities in the actual practice, and the delay in formulating relevant policies, rules and regulations have further aggravated the different opinions on MBO, creating worries and casting doubts over the loss of the state assets. As a result, since the beginning of this year the relevant government authority has put a "halt" to the MBOs both in listed companies and non-listed companies. Meanwhile, experts have unanimously agreed that “until today, no real MBO has ever taken place in China."
    
    Based on the situation mentioned above, this paper tries to make analysis of the cases of both domestic and foreign MBO by adopting the method of comparable research. By comparing the different roles and meanings of MBO under different social environments, economical mechanism and industrial background, analyzing and making summary of the impacts by pre- and post-MBO in terms of the competitiveness of the enterprises (including organization structure, business structure, corporate culture, development strategy as well as managerial performance), trying to summarize the strategic significance that MBO has brought to the company's development, suggesting some proposals and countermeasures for reference to those Chinese companies which adopt MBO in their future's reform. Meanwhile, through case studies on successful and unsuccessful MBOs both at home and abroad, this paper also tries to probe into the impetus MBO plays as a role of "transactional strategy" in promoting the company's development, gathering some successful experiences which are
    
    beneficial for the reform of Chinese enterprises, so as to provide useful reference for the Chinese enterprises in enhancing international competitiveness and sustainable development. Thus, this paper is both practical and realistic.
    
    
    
    To summarize the analysis by comparable research in this paper, one can see that the MBO is an alternative for the reform in property rights in Chinese enterprises. From the after effects of MBO, system transformation is not the "Panacea" for an enterprise to solve all the managerial problems in a short time, but rather a key point for the success of MBO by increasing the company's core competitiveness. Even though the practice of MBO in China has certain limitations, it's still a good attempt for the strategic restructure of state economies and reforms in property rights under the current conditions, especially for those private enterprises, while the property right issue has become an obstacle for the company's development, as a means to identify the property right and to show the value of the entrepreneurs and motivate the entrepreneurs, the MBO has no doubt a positive reference meaning for private economies which will play a decisive role in the future economy, and also for pr
引文
1、Darryl J.Cooke, "Management Buy-Outs", Longman Group UK Ltd, 1993
    2、Mike Wright & John Coyne,“Management Buy-outs", Croom Helm Ltd,1985
    3、王巍、李曙光著《MBO管理者收购-从经理到股东》,中国人民大学出版社,1999年
    4、王阳、李斌著《从员工持股到管理者收购操作手册(第二版)》,机械工业出版社,2003年
    5、陈志杰、吴昊等著《中国并购评论(第一册)》,清华大学出版社,2003年(93-132页)
    6、侯先荣和吴栾湖编著《企业创新管理 - 理论与实践》,电子工业出版社,2003年3月(113-120页)
    7、胡迟著《利益相关者激励》,经济管理出版社,2003年
    8、中国企业家协会《经营者收入分配制度-年薪制、期股期权制设计》,企业管理出版社,2000年
    9、李甬著《四通产权变局》,“财经”杂志,1999(7)
    10、魏建著《管理层收购的失败与避免失败》,“经济管理.新管理”杂志,2003(1)
    11、杜卓君著《MBO利益相关方利弊分析与风险防范》,“现代管理科学”杂志,2003(6)
    12、韩天放著《MBO为什么-管理者收购的五大理由》,“企业管理“杂志,2003(4)
    13、张伟著《如何运作MBO》,“中外管理”杂志,2003(4)
    14、陈玉平著《MBO革现代企业制度的命?》,“中外管理”杂志,2003(4)
    15、靳玉英著《MBO:特点及作用》,“中国改革”杂志,1998(3)
    16、郭武军著《MBO与中国的企业重组》,“现代管理杂志”,2000(4)
    17、吴硕著《美国ESOP和MBO对我国股份制改革的启示》,“广西商业经济”杂志,1999(1)
    18、谭志坚等著《管理者收购在我国国有企业改革中的可应用性分析》,“软科学”杂志,2000(3)
    19、王化成、佟岩著《从粤美的看我国的管理层收购》〉“经济理论与经济管理”杂志2002年第10期
    20、《MBO迷局》“中国企业家”杂志2001年第8期
    21、陈军君著《美的决胜精英四法则》“中国经济时报”2002年6月28日
    22、朱恒鹏著《中国高新技术企业的产权演变-一四通、联想为例》“中经网”
    23、姜业庆著《粤美的MBO第一案例的操作过程》“中国经济时报”2003年6月30日
    24、邱国栋著《股权结构与公司治理的相关分析-理论、实践的比较与借鉴》“中国软科学〉杂志
    
    2003年第2期
    25、魏建著《投资者保护视角下的管理层收购新论》“中国工业经济”杂志2003年第5期
    26、余颖、陈琦伟著《中国引入管理层收购的框架设计》“经济理论与经济管理”2000年第6期
    27、“北京师范大学经济与资源管理锁”著《中国市场经济发展报告2003(简本)》,来源:人民网2003年4月14日
    28、高波,杨冰 《企业购并中地方政府行为分析》 “经济理论与经济管理”1999年第2期
    29、参考网站:http://finance.sina.com.cn
    30、参考网站:http://www.mergers-china.com
    31、参考网站:http://www.realise.com.cn

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700