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我国社会主义“德法兼治”的理论及其实践
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摘要
对一个国家的治理来说,法治与德治,从来都是相辅相成、相互促进的。二者缺一不可,不可偏废。根据这一原理,结合文献分析法,文章主要论述了:当代中国德法兼治理论,即社会主义法治和社会主义德治在实质上是一致的,都是最广大的人民群众利益的反映,都是建立在社会主义经济基础之上的上层建筑,共同为社会主义经济基础服务。社会主义法律与道德相互渗透,相互补充,相互支持,互为表里,道德渗入法律,法律体现道德精神。法律与道德形成和存在的历史阶段不同、外在表现形式不同、结构和内容不同、调整的范围不尽相同,但法治离不开德治,德治离不开法治,二者相辅相成、互相促进。要很好地维护社会秩序,规范人们的思想和行为,既离不开法律规范,也离不开道德规范。只有把“依法治国”与“以德治国”紧密结合起来,统一发挥法律规范和道德规范的作用,才是完整、系统、科学的治国方略。把“依法治国”与“以德治国”紧密结合起来,努力确立和形成与社会主义市场经济相适应的法律体系和思想道德体系,才能保障社会主义市场经济健康有序运行。从一定意义上讲,市场经济就是法治经济。加强法治是社会主义市场经济的内在要求,没有健全的法制就不可能形成规范的市场秩序,也就没有完善的市场经济。另一方面,市场经济也是道德经济。遵守诚实守信、公平竞争、等价交换、反对垄断等道德规范也是市场经济的内在要求。法制建设和道德建设对市场经济的健康运行分别从不同的方面起着重要的调节作用,推动社会主义市场经济健康有序地发展。
    在实践上,本文针对青少年这一特定群体,提出:青少年教育应当全面认识法律和道德的作用,使道德规范和法律规范相互结合,统一发挥作用。在道德教育中,我们应当强调,遵守法律是道德的最基本的要求,同时,我们要把重要的道德规范,尽量纳入到我们的法律之中,融入到我们的管理制度中,融入到公民的各种守则、公约之中。
    社会主义德法兼治这一重要理论,是对历史上政治文明和精神文明优良传统的批判继承,是对新中国成立以来特别是改革开放以来实践经验的科学总结,是对我们党在新的历史条件下如何治理、建设国家,进行创造性理论探索的伟大成果,是对马克思主义国家学说的新贡献,是对邓小平理论的创造性运用、丰富和发展。
To manage a nation law and moral are reliant and stimulative each other. They cannot do one thing and neglect another. The article states the theory of moral governing and law governing that means in the present age of China socialist law and socialist moral are accordant virtually. Reflecting the benefit of most people, they are superstructure that stand on the basis of socialist economy and serve for socialist economy. Socialist law and moral penetrate, supplement, sustain and become the outside and the inside one another. Moral enters law and law materializes the spirit of moral. Law and moral form and exist on the different historical phase. Outer shape of behavior, fabric, content and adjustive range of the two are not the same. But law cannot part from moral and moral cannot be away from law. It is not short of law and moral to maintain social order and correct people's thinking and conduct primely. Only banding law and moral together tightly and exerting the function of legal criterions and moral criterions mutually are a full , systemic and scientific strategy of managing state affaires. We only band law and moral together tightly , establish and form legal system and moral system that can adapt to socialist market economy. Socialist market economy can run well and orderly. Market economy is legal economy on one aspect. Strengthening law is essential request of market economy. Without right legal system, correct market order cannot come into being. Market economy is not perfect,too. On the other aspect market economy is moral economy. Abidance by honesty, faith, just competition, equivalent exchange , opposing monopolization and other morals criterion are also inside request of market economy. Legal construction and moral construction act as an important adjustive effect in order to promote socialist market economy developing well and orderly.
    In practice of educating the young, we should understand the function of law and moral completely. Let the function of legal criterions and moral criterions exert mutually. In moral education we should emphasize the essential moral need of keeping law. At the same time some important moral criterions should be brought
    
    into legal system, administrant system and all kinds of rules and pacts as possible as we can.
    Moral governing and law governing as an important theory has been a scientific sum-up for practical experience in innovation and open since new China came into existence, a grand harvest in groping creative theory for our party how to manage, build country in the new historical condition, a new contribution to Marxism about country Lysenkoism, a creative exertion, enrichment and development for Deng xiaoping theory.
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