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罗汉果的提纯复壮
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摘要
罗汉果是广西特产的经济作物,一般采取压蔓繁殖,长期的无性繁殖使得病虫害日积月累,造成目前品种退化、混杂严重。近年来,罗汉果产区普遍感染花叶病毒,典型症状表现为花叶、叶片畸形,产量和品质大幅度下降。
    
    利用茎尖组织培养脱毒苗是阻止病毒传染、提高产量、发挥优良品种特性的有效途径。本试验以罗汉果试管苗为材料,结合高温热处理剥取(或切取)茎尖,进行罗汉果的脱毒培养和快繁技术的研究。所用培养基以MS为基本培养基,固体培养基添加蔗糖4.5%,琼脂0.8%,PH值调至5.8~6.0。通过激素配比试验,筛选出最佳的培养基组成。试验结果表明:材料在MS+BA0.3mg/l+NAA(或IBA)0.1mg/l+GA0.1mg/l(以下除特别说明外,单位均为mg/l)的琼脂培养基中进行热处理效果最好,材料存活率高,生长分化正常,顶芽锥形,有利于剥取较小的茎尖;最佳诱芽培养基为MS+BA1.0+NAA0.05+GA0.1,诱芽率100%,能够产生大量丛生芽;将丛生芽转接至MS+BA0.5~1.0+IBA0.1+GA0.1培养基进行继代培养,可获得大量健壮、抽长的罗汉果苗。最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA1.0+0.1%炭粉液体培养基,生根率为100%,根系发达,生长健壮。与对照苗相比,移栽后长势旺,对环境有较强的适应性,移栽成活率达93.33%。
    
    为降低剥茎尖难度和大规模生产罗汉果优良种苗,本试验探讨了:(1)在38.5℃条件下对罗汉果试管苗热处理7天、10天、15天,然后剥取0.2~0.5mm、0.6~1.0mm和1.5~2.0mm的茎尖进行培养,结果表明,热处理10天,剥取0.2~0.5mm的茎尖进行培养,可获100%的脱毒苗。(2)将罗汉果试管苗置于38.5℃条件下热处理7天和10天后,切取1.0~1.5mm和1.5~2.0mm进行培养,长出小植株后重复切茎尖再培养。结果表明,热处理10天后切取1.0~1.5mm茎尖诱导成苗,再对所得茎尖苗重复热处理10天切取茎尖(1.0~1.5mm)脱毒率为100%。
Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. is a speciallocal product grown in Guilin . It reproduces by asexuality which leads to the viruses accumulating from generation to generation . Almost all Siraitia grosvenorii being cultured are infected by Luohanguo Mosaic Diseases at present .The infection causes typical mosaic symptoms, local chlorotic spot ,as well as curling on leaves .Virus infection produces important reductions of quality and yield .
    
    Shoot tip culture is an effective way to eliminate the viruses and improve the qualities of many economic plants. S. grosvenorii plantlets in vitro were used as material in this experiment and the elimination luohanguo virus by combing tissue culture of shoot-tip with heat therapy were studied. MS was the basical medium ,in which each of the solid medium was added 4.5% surcose and 0.8%arger, and the medium PH was 5.8~6.0. A series of optimization experiment for cultural medium composition were investgated with a view to accelerate the propagation .of shoot-tip The results show that the best heat therapy medium wasMS+BA0.3+IBA(orNAA)0.1
    +GA0.1,on which the rate of survival was relative higher and the plantlets could differentiation as normal ,as well as the apical buds were taper and it was good for peeling smaller meristem tips The best medium for shooting was MS+BA1.0+NAA
    0.05+GA0.1, in this condition ,tips of S. grosvenorii could induce multiple shoots. The medium supplemented with BA0.5~1.0, IBA0.1 and GA0.1 was suitable for subculturing , multiple shoot clumps could produce strong plantlets .100%of the shoot-tip plantlets treated with IBA1.0 and activated carbon 0.1% could develope
    
    their roots ,grew robustly. The survival rate of tansplanting reached 93.33% , the regenerated plantlets could adapt to environment better than the controlled ones.
    
    In order to lower the difficullties of peeling shoot tips and to set up a rapid propagation techniques of good quality S.grosvenorii seedling ,we carried out the
    
    
    experiment in two ways: (1)peeling the shoot tips after heat thrapy at 38.5℃ for 7 days ,10 days ,15 days. Plants derived from 0.2~0.5mm heat treated (38.5℃ ;10 days )meristems were 100% free from disease. (2) heat thrapy for 0 day 、7 days and 10 days ,then peeling 1.0~2.0mm shoot tips to cultrure until the plantlets regeneration, and then peeling the shoot tips again in the same way .The results show that heat thrapy 10days twice and peeling the size of the meristems twice from 1.0~1.5mm was suitable to get 100% virus-free plants.
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