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快速成型技术的应用研究
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摘要
本文首先介绍了快速成型技术的国内外发展现状、快速成型技术的成型方式、成型特点和应用状况,指出立体光固化(SLA)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)、分层实体制造(LOM)、熔积成型(FDM)是目前使用的几种主要成型方式,并对它们的成型原理进行了简要介绍。研究了快速成型技术在新产品开发、铸造技术和模具制造方面的应用。快速成型技术改变了传统的产品开发模式,可以为设计者提供产品样件,缩短设计周期,加快新产品的开发进度,为决策者提供直观性;快速成型技术迅速提供砂型铸造、熔模铸造、实型铸造用的各种模样,包括树脂模、层压模、熔模和消失模等,还可采用直接制壳铸造法直接制造熔模铸造用的压型、金属型、压铸型、注塑模,甚至直接制造小批量铸件,介绍了熔积成型技术在石膏型精密铸造上的应用和基于选择性激光烧结技术的快速铸造技术,快速成型技术与铸造工艺的有机结合,开创了快速制造金属零件的新阶段,对用高新技术改造传统的铸造工业,使其面貌焕然一新,增强铸造行业的竞争能力;快速成型技术为母模的制造提供了一条快速、经济、可行的技术途径,讨论了利用快速成型技术制造模具的一般工艺方法,探讨了将快速成型技术与金属电弧喷镀技术结合起来快速制造金属模具问题,以及快速成型技术与精密铸造技术相结合的模具制造工艺,基于快速成型制造的快速模具技术,集成了快速成型制造高新技术和传统技术,发挥各自优势,已成为产品快速更新换代和新产品开发及中、小批量生产的有效手段之一。预测了快速成型技术的发展趋势,指出随着技术的不断进步和工业的发展,快速成型技术将发挥越来越重要的作用。
In the paper, the current developments of rapid prototyping at home and abroad, the molding methods of rapid prototyping, their characteristics and the condition of applications were introduced, indicated that Sterolithography Apparatus (SLA) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) and Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) were the several main prototyping methods of rapid prototyping at present, and their prototyping principle were briefly discussed. Some applications of rapid prototyping in new product design foundry technology and the field of mold were studied. Rapid prototyping technology changed the traditional pattern of product design, which could offer product sample for the designer, reduced design cycle and quicken the schedule of new product design, and it gave the decision-makers visual feeling.; RP technology provided kinds of molds including resin-boncled mold laminate mold, investment mold and lost foam casting mold and so on for sand casting investment casting and cavityless casting, it could also use direct shell production casting to make pattern dies metal dies die-casting dies injection dies directly, and it could even produce casting products in small scales. The applications of FDM technology in plaster precision casting and the rapid casting technology based on SLS technology were introduced, the organic combination between rapid prototyping tecnnology and foundry process, which initiated a new period of rapid manufacturing metal parts, by using advanced new technology alternated traditional foundry industry to make it looked brand-new, thus, the competition of foundry industry would be improved; rapid prototyping technology offered a rapid economical feasible technical method, common processes of using rapid prototyping technology to produce dies were discussed, in the paper it explored that .the problem of combining rapid prototyping technology with electric arc metal-spraying technology to make metal dies and technics in dies manufacturing of combining rapid prototyping technology with precision casting, rapid tooling based on rapid prototyping, integrated advanced new technology and tradition technology of rapid prototyping manufacture, each superiority were exerted, rapid prototyping technology had been an efficiency measure to rapid update products and develop new product , and to middle-. small scales manufacture. The development tendency of rapid prototyping technology were forecasted, it indicated that with the advancement of technique and the development of industry, rapid prototyping technology would play a more and more important role in the future.
引文
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