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纳米透明耐磨涂料的研制
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摘要
纳米材料因其独特的纳米效应,通过最近十几年的发展,已成为世界各国研究的热点。选择合适的纳米材料与合适的高分子材料制备纳米复合涂料,来获得高耐磨高透明性的涂料,使其应用于家具地板、树脂镜片及其它需要提供耐磨性和透明性的领域具有十分重要的应用价值。
    本文首先研究了纳米Al2O3在水中的分散,选择阴离子聚电解质聚丙烯酸氨和阳离子表面活性剂作为分散剂,讨论了分散剂用量、PH值、分散时间、分散方法以及纳米Al2O3粒子浓度对分散效果的影响。用分光光度计和粒度分析仪表征了纳米粒子水分散液的稳定性,结果表明纳米γ相Al2O3浓度为4%,分散剂为阴离子聚电解质,用量0.4%,PH=9,采用超声波分散20分钟得到最好的分散效果,纳米颗粒的平均粒径为205nm。α相Al2O3浓度为2%,分散剂用阳离子表面活性剂(CTAB),用量0.1%,PH=12时能获得很好的分散稳定性。
    对纳米γ相Al2O3用硬脂酸做亲油处理,红外光谱分析表明硬脂酸成功与纳米Al2O3的表面的羟基进行反应。经过表面修饰处理的纳米γ相Al2O3,与丙烯酸聚氨酯和聚酯复配,制备了纳米透明涂料。用分光光度计、耐磨仪及摆杆硬度计测定了涂料的透明性和耐磨性,添加15%的纳米Al2O3,涂膜的耐磨性能提高了100%,纳米复合涂料对底材有机玻璃的耐磨性能提高了2.75倍,可见光透过率在80%左右。
    选用已做表面亲油处理的纳米SiO2,如加入10%的纳米SiO2,清漆的耐磨性提高了26%,10%的纳米SiO2复合涂料对有机玻璃的耐磨性提高了1.82倍,可见光透过率在80%以上。
    最后用扫描电镜表征了涂料中纳米Al2O3的分散效果,纳米Al2O3在树脂中的分散基本在20~100nm之间,解释了纳米耐磨涂料的耐磨机理,涂料的磨损机理为粘着磨损和磨料磨损机理共同作用。
    对水性耐磨透明纳米涂料的研制做了初步探索,合成了水性聚氨酯乳液,在其中添加纳米Al2O3的水分散液,添加40%的纳米Al2O3,硬度可从3B提高到2H,透过率符合透明性要求,再加入会影响涂膜的透明性。用原位聚合法制备出耐磨透明纳米有机硅涂料,用环氧树脂改性后获得了综合性能较好的涂料。
Nanometer materials have become hotspots researched all over the world because of its unique nano characters in lately decade years. The nano-composite coatings can be manufactured by selecting appropriate nano-materials and polymer. The high abrasion resistant transparent coatings can apply for furniture floor and resin lens or eyeglass and other similarities.The coating has very important applied value.
    First of all, nano-alumina dispersed in water is studied. We selected anion polyelectrolyte PMAA and cation surface active reagent(CTAB) as dispersant. It is discussed that dispersant dosage, PH value, disperse time, disperse means and nano-alumina concentration affect disperse effect. The stability of nano-alumina aqueous dispersion is tokened by spectrophotometer and particle size distribution instrument. It is proved that when condition is dispersant PMAA =0.4%, pH =9, nano-γ-alumina content = 4%(Wt%),ultrasonic for twenty minites, excellent stable nano-alumina aqueous dispersion can be acquired. Nano particle average size is 205nm. Nano-α-alumina content = 2%(Wt%), PH=12, CTAB=0.1%, best nano-α-alumina aqueous dispersion can be acquired.
    Nano-γ-alumina surface is treated by stearic acid. It is proved by infrared spectral analysis that stearic acid can react with hydroxide of nano-alumina surface. Nano transparent abrasion resistant coating can be prepared by mixing modified nano-silica and modified nano-alumina with acrylic-PU and PE resin. Coating's transparent and abrasive characters are measured by spectrophotometer and abrasion instrument and sway pole sclerometer. As a result, lacquer's abrasion-resistant performance improved 100% adding 15% nano-alumina. Nano composite coating improved PMMA base 2.75 times. The transmission of visible light is about 80%.
    Nano transparent abrasion resistant coating can be prepared by mixing modified nano-silica with acrylic-PU. Lacquer's abrasion-resistant performance improved 26% adding 10% nano-silica. Nano composite coating improved PMMA base 1.82 times. The transmission of visible light is over 80%.
    
    
    Lastly, nano-alumina dispersed in coating was observed by SEM. Particle size of nano-alumina in resin is mainly within 20-100nm.The coating's abrasion mechanism is cooperation of adhere and abrasive stuff wearing.
    The preparation of aqueous abrasion resistant coatings is primarily explored. Firstly, aqueous PU latex is synthesized, and then add nano-alumina aqueous disperse liquid. The hardness can be improved from 3B to 2H if added 40% nano-alumina aqueous disperse liquid. Certainly, added much enough, the transparence is harmed. We synthesize organosilicone resin by in situ polymerization. The coating's hardness even reaches at 5H, but it is brittle. So we add a small quantity of epoxy resin to the coatings to attain better compositive performance.
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