先进的公共交通系统（APTS）实现方案
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摘要
智能交通系统(ITS，Intelligent Transportation System)是目前国际交通运输领域最受重视的研究方向，它是在较完善的道路设施基础上，将先进的电子技术、信息技术、传感器技术和系统工程技术集成运用于地面交通管理所建立的一种实时、准确、高效、大范围、全方位发挥作用的交通运输管理系统。它是充分发挥现有交通基础设施的潜力，提高运输效率，保障交通安全，缓解交通拥挤的最有力措施。
本文就是研究智能交通系统中一个非常重要的子系统，先进的公共交通系统(APTS，Advanced Public Transportation Systems)中的公共汽车运输部分的实现，论文通过研究目前国外的先进的公共交通系统技术的发展情况，总结出一套符合中国国情的公共汽车运输的先进的公共交通系统技术的实现方案。
文中先介绍了智能交通系统技术的一些相关知识，然后通过比较国内外的公交系统的发展情况以及国外对先进的公共交通系统技术的研究成果，提出了自己的观点：建立一套适合中国公交现状的先进的公共交通系统技术。然后提出了具体实现该技术的总体方案，即通过对公共汽车捷运技术(BRT，Bus Rapid Transit)和先进的公交管理系统(ABM，Advanced Bus Management System)的实现来实现该技术。最后，给出了这两部分技术的具体实现方法。
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the direction that most taken into account in the international transportation field, it integrates advanced electric technique, information technique, sensor technique and system technique and use them on the ground traffic management on the foundation of rather completed road installations, establishes a kind of real-time, accurate, high-efficient, wide-ranged, all-directional traffic and transportation management system. It's the most efficient way that can fulfill the potentiality of the current basic traffic installation, improve the transportation efficiency, insure traffic safety, and mitigate crowded traffic.
This paper studies a very important sub-system of ITS-Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS), this paper emphasizes on the part of bus transportation of this sub-system. The author summarizes a set of rather advanced plan that fixes in with current Chinese conditions through introducing the current development of APTS abroad; it can fulfill the APTS technique.
At the beginning of this paper, the author introduces some knowledge about ITS, it makes the readers get a preliminary impression on ITS, and then present his own viewpoint through studying some countries' outcome on APTS and comparing APTS development in China with in other countries: establishing a set of APTS that fixes in with Chinese current transportation conditions. Then the author present a plan that can fulfill this technique as a whole, that is, to fulfill this technique through fulfilling Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Advanced Bus Management Systems (ABMS). At last, the Author presents a detailed plan that can fulfill these two techniques.
本文就是研究智能交通系统中一个非常重要的子系统，先进的公共交通系统(APTS，Advanced Public Transportation Systems)中的公共汽车运输部分的实现，论文通过研究目前国外的先进的公共交通系统技术的发展情况，总结出一套符合中国国情的公共汽车运输的先进的公共交通系统技术的实现方案。
文中先介绍了智能交通系统技术的一些相关知识，然后通过比较国内外的公交系统的发展情况以及国外对先进的公共交通系统技术的研究成果，提出了自己的观点：建立一套适合中国公交现状的先进的公共交通系统技术。然后提出了具体实现该技术的总体方案，即通过对公共汽车捷运技术(BRT，Bus Rapid Transit)和先进的公交管理系统(ABM，Advanced Bus Management System)的实现来实现该技术。最后，给出了这两部分技术的具体实现方法。
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the direction that most taken into account in the international transportation field, it integrates advanced electric technique, information technique, sensor technique and system technique and use them on the ground traffic management on the foundation of rather completed road installations, establishes a kind of real-time, accurate, high-efficient, wide-ranged, all-directional traffic and transportation management system. It's the most efficient way that can fulfill the potentiality of the current basic traffic installation, improve the transportation efficiency, insure traffic safety, and mitigate crowded traffic.
This paper studies a very important sub-system of ITS-Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS), this paper emphasizes on the part of bus transportation of this sub-system. The author summarizes a set of rather advanced plan that fixes in with current Chinese conditions through introducing the current development of APTS abroad; it can fulfill the APTS technique.
At the beginning of this paper, the author introduces some knowledge about ITS, it makes the readers get a preliminary impression on ITS, and then present his own viewpoint through studying some countries' outcome on APTS and comparing APTS development in China with in other countries: establishing a set of APTS that fixes in with Chinese current transportation conditions. Then the author present a plan that can fulfill this technique as a whole, that is, to fulfill this technique through fulfilling Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Advanced Bus Management Systems (ABMS). At last, the Author presents a detailed plan that can fulfill these two techniques.
引文
[1]杨兆升，姜桂艳．城市交通流诱导系统结构框架研究．公路交通科技．1997(3)
[2]蒋璜等译．交通流理论．人民交通出版社，1983
[3]钱颂迪．运筹学基础与应用．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1981
[4]周云杰．洛杉矶的快速公共交通运输．人民交通出版社，1997
[5]王广运等．差分GPS定位技术与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，1996
[6]龚建雅．地理信息系统技术的发展．计算机世界，1998
[7]武芳．地图设计与编绘．解放军测绘学院，1995
[8]胡友元，黄杏元．计算机地图制图．测绘出版社，1987
[9]王家耀，邹建华．地图制图数据处理的模型与方法．解放军出版社，1992
[10]田德森．现代地图学理论．测绘出版社，1991
[11]石韫璋，秦凌亚．地图学简明教程．河南大学出版社，1989
[12]张克权，黄仁涛．专题地图编制．测绘出版社，1982
[13]承继成．GPS卫星定位技术．科学出版社，2000
[14]蔡孟裔．新编地图学教程．高等教育出版社，2000
[15]齐清文．现代地图学的前沿问题．地球信息科学．2000，第1期
[16]祝国瑞等．地图分析．测绘出版社，1996
[17]毋河海．地图数据库系统．测绘出版社，1996
[18]池天河等．城市地理信息系统．北京希望电子出版社，1999
[19]蔡孟裔等．新编地图学教程．高等教育出版社，2001
[20]龚健雅．当代GIS的若干理论与技术．武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1999
[21]曹立明等．图论及其在计算机科学中的应用．中国矿业大学出版社，1995
[22]刘家壮，王建方．网络最优化．华中工学院出版社，1987
[23]严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构．清华大学出版社，1997
[24]边馥苓．地理信息系统原理和方法．测绘出版社，1996
[25]刘光运等．电子地图技术与应用．测绘出版社，1996
[26]郭礼珍等．交互地图的设计与应用．测绘通报．2002，第1期
[27]曹江雄．工具化电子地图的概念及其模型初探．测绘通报．2002，第1期
[28]陆化普．日本智能公共交通系统的开发应用现状与展望．国外城市规划，1999(1)
[29]赵军喜，华一新．GIS中地图输出的表现形式．测绘通报．2001，第2期
[30]张燕燕，胡毓钜．地图可视化．测绘工程．2001，第3期
[31]高世海，赵韶平等．基于PC机的三维地图制作．测绘通报．1999，第1期
[32]杨兆升．城市交通流诱导系统理论与模型[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．2000，1
[33]中国测绘学会地图学与GIS专业委员会．地图学与地理信息系统的现状与趋势．测绘通报．1997，第6期
[34]陈毓芬．地图符号设计的逻辑性原则．北京测绘．1998，第1期
[35]艾廷华．动态符号与动态地图．武汉测绘科技大学学报．1998，第1期
[36]程朋根，龚建雅．面向对象GIS中地图符号组织的研究．测绘信息与工程．1998，第4期
[37]彭群生等．计算机地图图形学的算法基础．科学出版社．1998
[38]李小曼，付子傲．MapInfo中地图符号的制作与使用．测绘学院学报．2000，第2期
[39]张世强．常用图形设计软件中适于地图制作的十个特性．电子出版．1995，第10期
[40]吴立新，刘纯波等．地图符号库的面向对象技术与引用接口设计．矿山测量．1999，第1期．
[41]陈桂茹，吴立新，刘纯波，崔志琳．MapGIS的面向对象设计与改进．测绘通报．2000，第4期．
[42]姚兴海．城市地图计算机制图．城市勘测．2000，第1期．
[43]Michael Kofler. Towards a 3-D GIS Database. GIM.1997, 5
[44]Rick G. Interaction in Virtual World Views——Link 3D GIS with VR. Geographical Information Science.1999, 13 (4)
[45]Rhyne.T. Going with Geographic Information and Scientific Visualization. Computers and Geosciences.1997, 23
[46]Mark GaheGan. Four Barriers to the Develop of Effective Exploratory Visualization Tools For the Geosciences. Int.J.Geographical Information Science. 1999, 13 (4)
[47]Borden Dent. Cartography Thematic Map Design. Brown Publishers, 1990
[48]Japan National ITS architecture
[49]European ITS Architecture
[50]U.S. National ITS Architecture
[51]The U.S. Department of Transportation. ITS AMERICA. ITS Architecture Development Program.1994, phasel
[52]Transportation Research Record, No. 1453. Intelligent Transportation Systems. Evaluation, Driver Behavior, and Artificial Intelligence, 1994
[53]Proceedings of the 1995 Anural Meeting of ITS AMERICA. Intelligent Transportation. Serving the User Through Deployment. 1995, Volume 1
[54]Robert Stokers, Giancarlo Marucci. GIS for Transportation Current Practices. Problems and Prospects, 1995
[55]SimkowitzHJ. Geographic Information System for Transportation Planning and Operations. Transportation Research Record 1236. Washington DC Transportation Research Board, 1989
[56]Department US of Transportation FTA. Advanced Public Transportation System. The State of the Art Updated98.1998
[57]Intelligent Transportation Society of America , Access ITS America[M]
[58]C F Scheepers. Computer_ Assisted Map Symbolism. Annual Convention. 1998
[2]蒋璜等译．交通流理论．人民交通出版社，1983
[3]钱颂迪．运筹学基础与应用．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1981
[4]周云杰．洛杉矶的快速公共交通运输．人民交通出版社，1997
[5]王广运等．差分GPS定位技术与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，1996
[6]龚建雅．地理信息系统技术的发展．计算机世界，1998
[7]武芳．地图设计与编绘．解放军测绘学院，1995
[8]胡友元，黄杏元．计算机地图制图．测绘出版社，1987
[9]王家耀，邹建华．地图制图数据处理的模型与方法．解放军出版社，1992
[10]田德森．现代地图学理论．测绘出版社，1991
[11]石韫璋，秦凌亚．地图学简明教程．河南大学出版社，1989
[12]张克权，黄仁涛．专题地图编制．测绘出版社，1982
[13]承继成．GPS卫星定位技术．科学出版社，2000
[14]蔡孟裔．新编地图学教程．高等教育出版社，2000
[15]齐清文．现代地图学的前沿问题．地球信息科学．2000，第1期
[16]祝国瑞等．地图分析．测绘出版社，1996
[17]毋河海．地图数据库系统．测绘出版社，1996
[18]池天河等．城市地理信息系统．北京希望电子出版社，1999
[19]蔡孟裔等．新编地图学教程．高等教育出版社，2001
[20]龚健雅．当代GIS的若干理论与技术．武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1999
[21]曹立明等．图论及其在计算机科学中的应用．中国矿业大学出版社，1995
[22]刘家壮，王建方．网络最优化．华中工学院出版社，1987
[23]严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构．清华大学出版社，1997
[24]边馥苓．地理信息系统原理和方法．测绘出版社，1996
[25]刘光运等．电子地图技术与应用．测绘出版社，1996
[26]郭礼珍等．交互地图的设计与应用．测绘通报．2002，第1期
[27]曹江雄．工具化电子地图的概念及其模型初探．测绘通报．2002，第1期
[28]陆化普．日本智能公共交通系统的开发应用现状与展望．国外城市规划，1999(1)
[29]赵军喜，华一新．GIS中地图输出的表现形式．测绘通报．2001，第2期
[30]张燕燕，胡毓钜．地图可视化．测绘工程．2001，第3期
[31]高世海，赵韶平等．基于PC机的三维地图制作．测绘通报．1999，第1期
[32]杨兆升．城市交通流诱导系统理论与模型[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．2000，1
[33]中国测绘学会地图学与GIS专业委员会．地图学与地理信息系统的现状与趋势．测绘通报．1997，第6期
[34]陈毓芬．地图符号设计的逻辑性原则．北京测绘．1998，第1期
[35]艾廷华．动态符号与动态地图．武汉测绘科技大学学报．1998，第1期
[36]程朋根，龚建雅．面向对象GIS中地图符号组织的研究．测绘信息与工程．1998，第4期
[37]彭群生等．计算机地图图形学的算法基础．科学出版社．1998
[38]李小曼，付子傲．MapInfo中地图符号的制作与使用．测绘学院学报．2000，第2期
[39]张世强．常用图形设计软件中适于地图制作的十个特性．电子出版．1995，第10期
[40]吴立新，刘纯波等．地图符号库的面向对象技术与引用接口设计．矿山测量．1999，第1期．
[41]陈桂茹，吴立新，刘纯波，崔志琳．MapGIS的面向对象设计与改进．测绘通报．2000，第4期．
[42]姚兴海．城市地图计算机制图．城市勘测．2000，第1期．
[43]Michael Kofler. Towards a 3-D GIS Database. GIM.1997, 5
[44]Rick G. Interaction in Virtual World Views——Link 3D GIS with VR. Geographical Information Science.1999, 13 (4)
[45]Rhyne.T. Going with Geographic Information and Scientific Visualization. Computers and Geosciences.1997, 23
[46]Mark GaheGan. Four Barriers to the Develop of Effective Exploratory Visualization Tools For the Geosciences. Int.J.Geographical Information Science. 1999, 13 (4)
[47]Borden Dent. Cartography Thematic Map Design. Brown Publishers, 1990
[48]Japan National ITS architecture
[49]European ITS Architecture
[50]U.S. National ITS Architecture
[51]The U.S. Department of Transportation. ITS AMERICA. ITS Architecture Development Program.1994, phasel
[52]Transportation Research Record, No. 1453. Intelligent Transportation Systems. Evaluation, Driver Behavior, and Artificial Intelligence, 1994
[53]Proceedings of the 1995 Anural Meeting of ITS AMERICA. Intelligent Transportation. Serving the User Through Deployment. 1995, Volume 1
[54]Robert Stokers, Giancarlo Marucci. GIS for Transportation Current Practices. Problems and Prospects, 1995
[55]SimkowitzHJ. Geographic Information System for Transportation Planning and Operations. Transportation Research Record 1236. Washington DC Transportation Research Board, 1989
[56]Department US of Transportation FTA. Advanced Public Transportation System. The State of the Art Updated98.1998
[57]Intelligent Transportation Society of America , Access ITS America[M]
[58]C F Scheepers. Computer_ Assisted Map Symbolism. Annual Convention. 1998
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