纳米SiO_2强化絮凝处理水溶性有机污染物的应用研究
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摘要
本文对纳米SiO_2分散液的性质及纳米SiO_2作为助凝剂去除水溶性有机物进行了研究。通过调节pH为7及超声波震荡10min后获得了一种纳米尺度的分散液。扫描电镜、透射电镜及激光粒度检测表明该溶液中有99％的SiO_2颗粒尺寸小于30nm，并且该分散液中的颗粒保持这一尺寸10小时。
选取三种代表不同分子量大小的有机物：腐殖酸(HA)、阴离子表面活性剂(SDS)及对氯酚作为典型有机污染物进行纳米SiO_2作为助凝剂的强化絮凝实验。对腐殖酸这一大分子有机物而言，试验结果表明，用硫酸铝作絮凝剂(20mg/L)及纳米SiO_2作为助凝剂(1mg/L)可以去除高达73％的腐殖酸，相对而言，没有纳米SiO_2作助凝剂的腐殖酸去除率只有30％。同样强化絮凝条件下，对比大分子腐殖酸，小分子的有机物SDS及对氯酚的去除率要低得多(＜8％)，这一结果说明纳米SiO_2的强化絮凝对大分子物质更有效。
此外，pH值、温度、硫酸铝及纳米SiO_2的投加量能影响溶解性有机物的去除，对腐殖酸有较好去除的条件为：pH=5～9，硫酸铝投加量为20～40mg／L，SiO_2投加量为1～10mg／L。
Characteristics of nano-SiO2 dispersions and application of nano-SiO2 as coagulation-aid in removal of dissolved organic pollutants were studied. A nano- SiO2 dispersion was obtained by adjusting of the dispersion to pH 7 and supersonic agitating it for 10 minutes. Results of SEM, TEM, and Laser seizer measurements indicated that there more than 99% of the SiO2 particles were less than 30 nm size. The dispersion could be stable with the particle size for 10 hours.
Three organic compounds, humic acid(HA), anionic surfactant(SDS) and p-chlorphenol, representing different molecule size, were selected as typical organic pollutants for enhanced coagulation experiment with nano-SiO2 as the aid. For HA, a big molecule compound, results showed that it could be removed up to 73% by coagulation with Al2(SO4)3 (20mg/L) as coagulant and nano-SiO2 (Img/L) as the aid, comparing a lower removal of 30 % without the aiding of nano-SiO2 at the same conditions.
Comparison to the big molecule compound HA, smaller molecule compounds SDS and p-chlorphenol, a much lower removal (less than 8%) was obtained under the same coagulation conditions with the aid of nano-sized SiO2 as the HA, indicating that the enhancement of nano-sized SiO2 was more effective for bigger molecule compound than the smaller ones.
In addition, conditions such as pH volume, temperature, dosage of Al2(SO4)3 and SiO2, could also affect the removal of the dissolved organics. The suggested conditions for good removal of HA were pH 5-9, Al2(SO4)3 20mg/L, SiO2 1~10mg/L.
选取三种代表不同分子量大小的有机物：腐殖酸(HA)、阴离子表面活性剂(SDS)及对氯酚作为典型有机污染物进行纳米SiO_2作为助凝剂的强化絮凝实验。对腐殖酸这一大分子有机物而言，试验结果表明，用硫酸铝作絮凝剂(20mg/L)及纳米SiO_2作为助凝剂(1mg/L)可以去除高达73％的腐殖酸，相对而言，没有纳米SiO_2作助凝剂的腐殖酸去除率只有30％。同样强化絮凝条件下，对比大分子腐殖酸，小分子的有机物SDS及对氯酚的去除率要低得多(＜8％)，这一结果说明纳米SiO_2的强化絮凝对大分子物质更有效。
此外，pH值、温度、硫酸铝及纳米SiO_2的投加量能影响溶解性有机物的去除，对腐殖酸有较好去除的条件为：pH=5～9，硫酸铝投加量为20～40mg／L，SiO_2投加量为1～10mg／L。
Characteristics of nano-SiO2 dispersions and application of nano-SiO2 as coagulation-aid in removal of dissolved organic pollutants were studied. A nano- SiO2 dispersion was obtained by adjusting of the dispersion to pH 7 and supersonic agitating it for 10 minutes. Results of SEM, TEM, and Laser seizer measurements indicated that there more than 99% of the SiO2 particles were less than 30 nm size. The dispersion could be stable with the particle size for 10 hours.
Three organic compounds, humic acid(HA), anionic surfactant(SDS) and p-chlorphenol, representing different molecule size, were selected as typical organic pollutants for enhanced coagulation experiment with nano-SiO2 as the aid. For HA, a big molecule compound, results showed that it could be removed up to 73% by coagulation with Al2(SO4)3 (20mg/L) as coagulant and nano-SiO2 (Img/L) as the aid, comparing a lower removal of 30 % without the aiding of nano-SiO2 at the same conditions.
Comparison to the big molecule compound HA, smaller molecule compounds SDS and p-chlorphenol, a much lower removal (less than 8%) was obtained under the same coagulation conditions with the aid of nano-sized SiO2 as the HA, indicating that the enhancement of nano-sized SiO2 was more effective for bigger molecule compound than the smaller ones.
In addition, conditions such as pH volume, temperature, dosage of Al2(SO4)3 and SiO2, could also affect the removal of the dissolved organics. The suggested conditions for good removal of HA were pH 5-9, Al2(SO4)3 20mg/L, SiO2 1~10mg/L.
引文
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[14] 程沧沧，肖忠海，等．不锈钢负载TiO_2薄膜光降解印染废水．环境污染与防治，2001，23(5)：241～242
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[17] Taha M, El-Morsi, Wes R, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of 1, 10-dichlorodecane in aqueous suspensions of TiO_2: A reaction of adsorbed chlorinated alkane with surface hydroxyl radicals. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2000, 34(6): 1018～1023
[18] 陈士夫，赵梦月，陶跃武．玻璃纤维负载TiO2光催化降解有机磷农药．环境科学，1996，17(4)：33～35．
[19] 戴遐明．半导体氧化物超细粉末对Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原作用研究．环境科学，1996，17(6)：34～36
[20] Fu H X, Lu G X, Li S B. Adsorption and photo-induced reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)ion in Cr(Ⅳ)-4CP(4-Chlorophenol)aqueous system in the presence of TiO_2 as photocatalyst. J. Photochem. Photobiol, A: Chem., 1998, 114(1): 81～90
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[22] 刘转年，金奇挺，周安宁．纳米技术处理废水．环境污染治理技术与设备，2002，3(10)：75～78
[23] Pal O R, Vanjara A K. Removal of malathion and butachlor from aqueous Solution by clays and organoclays. Separation and Purification Technology, 2001, 24(2): 167～172
[24] 钱易，汤鸿宵，文湘华．水体颗粒物和难降解有机物的特性与控制技术原理．北京：中国环境科学出版社，2000
[25] 刘勇建，侯小平，牟世芬．饮用水消毒副产物研究状况．环境污染治理技术与设备，2001，2(2)：31～40
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[27] Rook J.J. Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters. J. Water Treat. Exam., 1974, 23(2): 234～243
[28] Koivusalo M., Pukkala E., Vartiainen T. et al. Drinking water chlorination and cancer-a historical cohort study in finland. Cancer Cause Control, 1997, 8(2): 192～200
[29] Ballmaier D., Epe B. Oxidative DNA damage induced by potassium bromate under cell-free conditions and in mammalian cells. Carcinogenisis, 1995,
16(4)：335～342
[30] 曹春秋．强化混凝法去除饮用水中天然有机物质评价．给水排水，1998，24(6)：65～70
[31] Bruchet A. T., et al. Effect of humic substances on the treatment of drinking water. Adv. In Chemiker, 1989, 219(1): 93～101
[32] Aiken R. G., et al. Humid substances in soil, sediment and water. In: Wiler-Interscience. New York, 1985
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