通用多协议标记交换GMPLS相关技术研究
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摘要
GMPLS由MPLS演进而来，它是MPLS向光层扩展的必然产物。GMPLS将时隙、波长和光纤端口作为标签用于数据转发，通过采用扩展的信令、路由协议和新增的链路管理机制以适应对智能光网络进行动态控制和传送信令的要求，动态提供网络资源并增加网络的存活性。
随着Internet规模的不断扩大，网络上的业务流量日益增多，并具有很强的突发性和不可预测性。如何管理和协调各种业务的流量负载以避免拥塞是当前研究的一个热点问题，这也使得流量工程(Traffic engineering)在Internet中的作用越来越重要。流量工程主要考虑对网络性能进行优化，其目标是有效而可靠地运行网络，同时优化网络资源的使用。然而当前基于覆盖模型的流量工程技术的局限性，由于新的网络通信技术的出现和发展日益明显。迫切需要以一种新的技术来取代其现有的功能并克服其克服其固有的管理复杂性、难以扩展等局限。GMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)具有很多适合于缓解拥塞和平衡负载的特点，它的提出和发展为流量工程的实施开辟了一条崭新的道路。
本文的研究工作是作者在大唐电信“基于WDM技术的多业务智能光网络系统”可行性研究小组在GMPLS研究方面的一部分，在对GMPLS的基本技术原理、实现机制以及核心技术进行研究分析的基础上，针对GMPLS的约束显式路由技术特点，作者在本文设计了一种基于GMPLS的流量工程解决方案，它充分利用了现有协议的简单扩展和组合，该解决方案包括四个基本组成部分：包转发单元、信息发布单元、路径选择单元和信令单元。该方案的特点是按照模块化进行设计，每个功能单元都是一个独立的模块。四个功能模块之间提供开放的接口。这种模块化的组合与开放的接口，可以满足随着技术的发展，实现对单个模块进一步优化的需要。
本文还对GMPLS流量工程中的信令机制进行了研究，对RSVP-TE与CRLDP两种信令过程进行了较为深入的分析和比较，为运营商选择合适的信令协
议提供了一定的理论依据。
GMPLS is developed from MPLS GMPLS, in which time slots, wavelengths and optical fiber physical ports are used as labels for corresponding data transmit, is the inevitable result of MPLS extending to optical networks.By the extended signaling protocols,routing protocols and new link management protocols,GMPLS satisfies the requests of intelligent optical networks control automatically and signaling , and so provides dynamic networks resource and improves survivability.
With the rapid increase of Internet, the network traffic is growing accordingly. How to manage and control the burst and unexpected traffic load to avoid congestion is a hot issue in current researches. Now Traffic Engineering (TE), which mainly concerns the optimization of network performance,becomes more and more important in Internet,whose objective is to make the operation of network efficient and reliable,and to optimize network resources. The current technology of traffic engineering is built on IP over ATM, which becomes outdated due to new network communication technology's appearing and developing. It is exigent for ISPs to seek a kind of new technology to replace its current functions without its inherent complexity to administrate and extend. GMPLS has many characteristics for lessening congestion and balancing load and presents a new path to implementing TE.
This study is a part of the GMPLS research project charged by the research
group of "WDM-based Multi-Service ASON". A solution for traffic engineering design based on GMPLS is demonstrated in this study. The solution is based on the analysis of the technical theory, implementation mechanism and core technology of GMPLS and featured in its constraint-based routing. By using the expansion and
combination of the existing protocols, the solution composes of 4 parts: packet forwarding module, information distribution module, path selection module and signaling module. The solution is featured in its modularized design, with every single function unit as an independent module and an open interface between the 4 modules. The modularized combination and open interface would be used to satisfy the need for a further optimization of every single module with the development of technology.
A study on signaling mechanism in GMPLS traffic engineering is also provided here. A deep analysis and comparison between the two different signaling process RSVP-TE and CR-LDP is given, providing a theoretical standard for operators in their choice of signaling protocols.
随着Internet规模的不断扩大，网络上的业务流量日益增多，并具有很强的突发性和不可预测性。如何管理和协调各种业务的流量负载以避免拥塞是当前研究的一个热点问题，这也使得流量工程(Traffic engineering)在Internet中的作用越来越重要。流量工程主要考虑对网络性能进行优化，其目标是有效而可靠地运行网络，同时优化网络资源的使用。然而当前基于覆盖模型的流量工程技术的局限性，由于新的网络通信技术的出现和发展日益明显。迫切需要以一种新的技术来取代其现有的功能并克服其克服其固有的管理复杂性、难以扩展等局限。GMPLS(通用多协议标签交换)具有很多适合于缓解拥塞和平衡负载的特点，它的提出和发展为流量工程的实施开辟了一条崭新的道路。
本文的研究工作是作者在大唐电信“基于WDM技术的多业务智能光网络系统”可行性研究小组在GMPLS研究方面的一部分，在对GMPLS的基本技术原理、实现机制以及核心技术进行研究分析的基础上，针对GMPLS的约束显式路由技术特点，作者在本文设计了一种基于GMPLS的流量工程解决方案，它充分利用了现有协议的简单扩展和组合，该解决方案包括四个基本组成部分：包转发单元、信息发布单元、路径选择单元和信令单元。该方案的特点是按照模块化进行设计，每个功能单元都是一个独立的模块。四个功能模块之间提供开放的接口。这种模块化的组合与开放的接口，可以满足随着技术的发展，实现对单个模块进一步优化的需要。
本文还对GMPLS流量工程中的信令机制进行了研究，对RSVP-TE与CRLDP两种信令过程进行了较为深入的分析和比较，为运营商选择合适的信令协
议提供了一定的理论依据。
GMPLS is developed from MPLS GMPLS, in which time slots, wavelengths and optical fiber physical ports are used as labels for corresponding data transmit, is the inevitable result of MPLS extending to optical networks.By the extended signaling protocols,routing protocols and new link management protocols,GMPLS satisfies the requests of intelligent optical networks control automatically and signaling , and so provides dynamic networks resource and improves survivability.
With the rapid increase of Internet, the network traffic is growing accordingly. How to manage and control the burst and unexpected traffic load to avoid congestion is a hot issue in current researches. Now Traffic Engineering (TE), which mainly concerns the optimization of network performance,becomes more and more important in Internet,whose objective is to make the operation of network efficient and reliable,and to optimize network resources. The current technology of traffic engineering is built on IP over ATM, which becomes outdated due to new network communication technology's appearing and developing. It is exigent for ISPs to seek a kind of new technology to replace its current functions without its inherent complexity to administrate and extend. GMPLS has many characteristics for lessening congestion and balancing load and presents a new path to implementing TE.
This study is a part of the GMPLS research project charged by the research
group of "WDM-based Multi-Service ASON". A solution for traffic engineering design based on GMPLS is demonstrated in this study. The solution is based on the analysis of the technical theory, implementation mechanism and core technology of GMPLS and featured in its constraint-based routing. By using the expansion and
combination of the existing protocols, the solution composes of 4 parts: packet forwarding module, information distribution module, path selection module and signaling module. The solution is featured in its modularized design, with every single function unit as an independent module and an open interface between the 4 modules. The modularized combination and open interface would be used to satisfy the need for a further optimization of every single module with the development of technology.
A study on signaling mechanism in GMPLS traffic engineering is also provided here. A deep analysis and comparison between the two different signaling process RSVP-TE and CR-LDP is given, providing a theoretical standard for operators in their choice of signaling protocols.
引文
[1] 张成良，传送网又一轮的竞争重点——城域传送网，电信科学，2002，5
[2] 范忠礼 南京邮电学院 《智能光网络的控制平面》
[3] 隋志成等 南京邮电学院 《未来光网络中的mp^s技术》；
[4] 李正斌等 北京大学 《广义多协议标记交换GMPLS》
[5] 贺钢等 华中科技大学 《GMPLS—IP层与光层融合的核心技术》
[6] 龚涌涛 毛东峰 《GMPLS在自动交换光网络控制平面中的应用》
[7] Eric Mannie, Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Architecture, draftietf-ccamp-gmpls-architecture-03.txt
[8] Peter Ashwood-Smith, Generalized MPLS Signaling-CR-LDP Extensions, draft-ietf-mplsgeneralized-cr-ldp-06.txt
[9] Lou Berger, Generalized MPLS Signaling-RSVP-TE Extensions, draft-ietf-mplsgeneralized-rsvp-te-07.txt
[10] Masaru Katayama, Requirements for using RSVP-TE in GMPLS signaling, draft-matsuuragmpls-rsvp-requirements-00.txt
[11] Lou Berger, Generalized MPLS-Signaling Functional Description, draft-ietf-mplsgeneralized-signaling-08.txt
[12] Francois Le Faucheur, Requirements for support of Diff-Serv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering "draft-ieff-tewg-diff-te-reqts-06.txt"
[13] Naoaki Yamanaka,Masaru Katayama 等, 《Multi-layer traffic engineering in photonicGMPLS-router networks》
[14] The International Engineering Consortium, 《Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching(GMPLS)》
[14] 徐磊 流量工程发展技术研究 计算机工程 2002年11月
[15] 王晓霞 王翠茹 多协议标记交换网络的流量工程 华北电力大学学报 2002．1
[16] Paul Brittain,et al,MPLS Traffic Engineering: A choice of signaling protocols,Jan,2000.
[17] DaveKatz,etal,"Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF",draft-katz-yeung-ospf-traffic-06.txt
[18] Daniel O,Awduche,et al,"Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering",draft
ietf-tewg-measure-01.txt Nov,2001
[19] Yang Cao,John Ellson, et al,"A Framework for Internet Network Engineering",draft-chengnetwork-engineering-framework-01.txt,July,2001.
[20] Awduche,D.,Malcolm,J.,Agogobua,J.,O'Dell,M. and J.McManus. "Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS",RFC 2702.September 1999.
[21] G. Ash, Traffic Engineering & QoS Methods for IP-, ATM-, &TDM-Based Multiservice Networks,
[22] 石晶林，丁炜，MPLS网络技术及其应用前景，通讯世界，2000．6
[23] 陈启美，王逸．(?)修毅，南京大学《MPLS流量工程及相关协议分析》
[2] 范忠礼 南京邮电学院 《智能光网络的控制平面》
[3] 隋志成等 南京邮电学院 《未来光网络中的mp^s技术》；
[4] 李正斌等 北京大学 《广义多协议标记交换GMPLS》
[5] 贺钢等 华中科技大学 《GMPLS—IP层与光层融合的核心技术》
[6] 龚涌涛 毛东峰 《GMPLS在自动交换光网络控制平面中的应用》
[7] Eric Mannie, Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Architecture, draftietf-ccamp-gmpls-architecture-03.txt
[8] Peter Ashwood-Smith, Generalized MPLS Signaling-CR-LDP Extensions, draft-ietf-mplsgeneralized-cr-ldp-06.txt
[9] Lou Berger, Generalized MPLS Signaling-RSVP-TE Extensions, draft-ietf-mplsgeneralized-rsvp-te-07.txt
[10] Masaru Katayama, Requirements for using RSVP-TE in GMPLS signaling, draft-matsuuragmpls-rsvp-requirements-00.txt
[11] Lou Berger, Generalized MPLS-Signaling Functional Description, draft-ietf-mplsgeneralized-signaling-08.txt
[12] Francois Le Faucheur, Requirements for support of Diff-Serv-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering "draft-ieff-tewg-diff-te-reqts-06.txt"
[13] Naoaki Yamanaka,Masaru Katayama 等, 《Multi-layer traffic engineering in photonicGMPLS-router networks》
[14] The International Engineering Consortium, 《Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching(GMPLS)》
[14] 徐磊 流量工程发展技术研究 计算机工程 2002年11月
[15] 王晓霞 王翠茹 多协议标记交换网络的流量工程 华北电力大学学报 2002．1
[16] Paul Brittain,et al,MPLS Traffic Engineering: A choice of signaling protocols,Jan,2000.
[17] DaveKatz,etal,"Traffic Engineering Extensions to OSPF",draft-katz-yeung-ospf-traffic-06.txt
[18] Daniel O,Awduche,et al,"Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering",draft
ietf-tewg-measure-01.txt Nov,2001
[19] Yang Cao,John Ellson, et al,"A Framework for Internet Network Engineering",draft-chengnetwork-engineering-framework-01.txt,July,2001.
[20] Awduche,D.,Malcolm,J.,Agogobua,J.,O'Dell,M. and J.McManus. "Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS",RFC 2702.September 1999.
[21] G. Ash, Traffic Engineering & QoS Methods for IP-, ATM-, &TDM-Based Multiservice Networks,
[22] 石晶林，丁炜，MPLS网络技术及其应用前景，通讯世界，2000．6
[23] 陈启美，王逸．(?)修毅，南京大学《MPLS流量工程及相关协议分析》
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