软件体系结构及基于软件体系结构的系统开发
摘要
软件体系结构在20世纪70年代的时候由于人们利用一些程序模块的集合来组合成一个软件系统而被人们所认识(这有别于以往程序的语句级设计)，80年代软件体系结构作为一个计算机术语而正式被提出。接着这个术语被大量引用，且意义不尽相同。作为软件工程的一个分支和一个新的软件设计的视角，软件体系结构在软件设计中的重要作用已经得到普遍的认可。建立在UML(统一建模语言)上的“统一软件开发过程”中，也提出了以体系结构为中心的软件设计开发过程。
本文主要作了以下几个方面的工作：
介绍了软件体系结构的出现背景和一些相关概念，接着按体系结构的各个方面和研究热点逐一展开，并对于软件体系结构的形式化描述进行了较为细致的阐述
对于新近出现的崭新的分布式计算模型Web Services给予了高度的关注，详细探讨了它的概念性体系结构和关键技术
结合分布式网络环境下消息中心系统的实现，提出了一种以体系结构为中心，基于构件的解决方案
While it has been known at least since the mid-70's that structuring a collection of modules together into a system fundamentally different from traditional statement-level programming, it was not until the late 80's that the term Software Architecture (SA ) emerged. Since then, the use of the term has skyrocketed, often with different meanings. As a branch of Software Engineering (SE) and a new viewpoint of software design, the importance of Software Architecture has been widely accepted. " Unified Software Development Process" bring forward the view that software development process must depend on SA.
Our main work is following:
1. We firstly introduce the background and some relative concepts, then we describe every aspect and research hotspot of SA one by one and elaborate its formal description
2. We highly concern Web Services ,which is the brand new distributed computing model recently presented, then we discuss the conceptual architecture and key technology of that in detail
3. Combined with the implement of Message Center System in the network environment , We give a solution depending on SA , which is based on Component
本文主要作了以下几个方面的工作：
介绍了软件体系结构的出现背景和一些相关概念，接着按体系结构的各个方面和研究热点逐一展开，并对于软件体系结构的形式化描述进行了较为细致的阐述
对于新近出现的崭新的分布式计算模型Web Services给予了高度的关注，详细探讨了它的概念性体系结构和关键技术
结合分布式网络环境下消息中心系统的实现，提出了一种以体系结构为中心，基于构件的解决方案
While it has been known at least since the mid-70's that structuring a collection of modules together into a system fundamentally different from traditional statement-level programming, it was not until the late 80's that the term Software Architecture (SA ) emerged. Since then, the use of the term has skyrocketed, often with different meanings. As a branch of Software Engineering (SE) and a new viewpoint of software design, the importance of Software Architecture has been widely accepted. " Unified Software Development Process" bring forward the view that software development process must depend on SA.
Our main work is following:
1. We firstly introduce the background and some relative concepts, then we describe every aspect and research hotspot of SA one by one and elaborate its formal description
2. We highly concern Web Services ,which is the brand new distributed computing model recently presented, then we discuss the conceptual architecture and key technology of that in detail
3. Combined with the implement of Message Center System in the network environment , We give a solution depending on SA , which is based on Component
引文
1. C.Gaek,A.Abd-Allah,B.Clark,B.Boehm , "On the Definition of Software Architecture",ICSE 17 Software Architecture Workshop,April 1995
2. D.Garlan and M.Shaw, "An Introduction to Software Architecture" Advances in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering,World Scientific Publishing Co.,1993
3. Ahmed Abd-Allah, "Composing Heterogeneous Software Architectures" USC Center for Software Engineering,Aprl3th 1995
4. Mary Shaw,David Garlan, Software Architecture- Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline, 清华大学出版社，1998
5. Dewayne E. Perry,Alexander L. Wolf, "Foundations for the Study of Software Architecture" ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes,Oct 1992
6. G. Abowd, J. Pitkow, R. Kazman, "Analyzing Differences Between Intemet Information System Software Architectures" ICC '96, (Dallas, TX), June 1996
7. G.Abowd,R.Allen,D.Garlan, "Using Style to Understand Descriptions of Software Architecture",Proceedings of the First ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations Software Engineering,Software Engineering Notes,ACM Press,December 1993
8. Boehm B. and Scherlis W, "Megaprogramming".Proceedings of the DARPA Software Technology Conference,April 1992
9. Philippe B.Kruchten, "The 4+1 View Model of Architecture" IEEE Software, Nov 1995
10. R.Allen and D.Garlan, "Towards Formalized Software Architecture",Technical Report CMU-CS-92-163,Camegie Mellon University,School of Computer Science,July 1992
11. A.Hall, "Specifying and Interpreting Class Hierarchies in Z",Z User Workshop 1994,Workshops in Computing, Springer Verlag, 1994
12. Perry D.and Wolf A, "Foundations of the Study of Software Architecture".ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes,Vol.17,4, Oct 1992
13. Hall,A.,"Seven Myths of Formal Methods",IEEE Software,Sept 1990
14. Lano,J.and H.Haughton(eds.), 《Object-Oriented Specification Case Studies》,Prentice-Hall,1993
15. Kruchten P. 《Software Architecture and Iterative Development》, Rational,1994
16. Kazman R.and Bass L."Toward Deriving Software Architectures From Quality Attributes",Technical Report,CMU/SEI-94-TR-10,Software Engineering Institute
17. [from web]."Web Services Architecture" http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/, W3C Working Draft 14,Nov 2002
18. [from web]."UDDI White Papers" http://www.uddi.org/whitepapers.html, Sep 6,2000
19. [from web]." Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 1.2" http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl 12/, W3C Working Draft 3,Mar 2003
20. [from web]. "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/, W3C Note 08, May 2000
21. [from web]. 柴晓路，“Web Service Case Study: 事务性 Web 服务”
http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webscrviccs/wscasestudy/part3/index.shtml, Apr 26,2002
22. [from web].Heather Kreger, "Web Services Conceptual Architecture"
http://www-900, ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wsca/index.shtml, May,2001
23. [from web]. Naveen Balani," Web services architecture using MVC style"
http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-mvc[index.shtml, Feb,2002
24. [from web]. Frank Cohen," Understanding Web service interoperability"
http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/wsinter/index eng.shtml, Feb,2002
25．孙昌爱等，“软件体系结构研究综述”软件学报，Vol．13，2002
26．王昕等，“软件体系结构的研究与发展现状”计算机科学，Vol．25，1998
27．杨云，徐永红等，“网络软件工程技术的发展及其对策”计算机科学，Vol．29，2002
28．冯铁，张家晨等，“基于框架和角色模型的软件体系结构规约”软件学报，Vol．11，2000
29．孙吕爱，金茂忠，“软件体系结构描述研究与发展”计算机科学，Vol．30，2003
30．Roger S.Pressman,《软件工程—实践者的研究方法》，机械工业出版社，2002
31．飞思科技产品研发中心，《Java Web 服务应用开发详解》，电子工业出版社，2002
32．万建成，卢雷，《软件体系结构的原理、组成与应用》，科学出版社，2002
33．Ivar Jacobson,Grady Booch,James Rumbaugh,《统一软件开发过程》，机械工业出版社，2002
34．王永茂(译)，《Sun One 体系结构指南》，机械工业出版社，2002
35，朱三元，钱乐秋等，《软件工程技术概论》，科学出版社，2002
36．Erich Gamma,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,John Vlissides,《设计模式—可复用面向对象软件的基础》，机械工业出版社，2000
37．Ronald J.Norman,《Object-Oriented System Analysis And Design》，清华大学出版社，1998
38．杨安乐，程慧霞，”基于XML+MIMEMESSAGE的消息中心的实现”微机发展，Jun,2003
39．邓勇、丁峰等，“用UML和 Object-Z 描述交互式系统的接口规格说明”小型微型计算机系统，Vol．23，2002
40．张家晨，冯铁等，“基于主动连接件的软件体系结构及其描述方法”软件学报，Vol．11，2000
2. D.Garlan and M.Shaw, "An Introduction to Software Architecture" Advances in Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering,World Scientific Publishing Co.,1993
3. Ahmed Abd-Allah, "Composing Heterogeneous Software Architectures" USC Center for Software Engineering,Aprl3th 1995
4. Mary Shaw,David Garlan, Software Architecture- Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline, 清华大学出版社，1998
5. Dewayne E. Perry,Alexander L. Wolf, "Foundations for the Study of Software Architecture" ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes,Oct 1992
6. G. Abowd, J. Pitkow, R. Kazman, "Analyzing Differences Between Intemet Information System Software Architectures" ICC '96, (Dallas, TX), June 1996
7. G.Abowd,R.Allen,D.Garlan, "Using Style to Understand Descriptions of Software Architecture",Proceedings of the First ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations Software Engineering,Software Engineering Notes,ACM Press,December 1993
8. Boehm B. and Scherlis W, "Megaprogramming".Proceedings of the DARPA Software Technology Conference,April 1992
9. Philippe B.Kruchten, "The 4+1 View Model of Architecture" IEEE Software, Nov 1995
10. R.Allen and D.Garlan, "Towards Formalized Software Architecture",Technical Report CMU-CS-92-163,Camegie Mellon University,School of Computer Science,July 1992
11. A.Hall, "Specifying and Interpreting Class Hierarchies in Z",Z User Workshop 1994,Workshops in Computing, Springer Verlag, 1994
12. Perry D.and Wolf A, "Foundations of the Study of Software Architecture".ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes,Vol.17,4, Oct 1992
13. Hall,A.,"Seven Myths of Formal Methods",IEEE Software,Sept 1990
14. Lano,J.and H.Haughton(eds.), 《Object-Oriented Specification Case Studies》,Prentice-Hall,1993
15. Kruchten P. 《Software Architecture and Iterative Development》, Rational,1994
16. Kazman R.and Bass L."Toward Deriving Software Architectures From Quality Attributes",Technical Report,CMU/SEI-94-TR-10,Software Engineering Institute
17. [from web]."Web Services Architecture" http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/, W3C Working Draft 14,Nov 2002
18. [from web]."UDDI White Papers" http://www.uddi.org/whitepapers.html, Sep 6,2000
19. [from web]." Web Services Description Language (WSDL) Version 1.2" http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl 12/, W3C Working Draft 3,Mar 2003
20. [from web]. "Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1" http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/, W3C Note 08, May 2000
21. [from web]. 柴晓路，“Web Service Case Study: 事务性 Web 服务”
http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webscrviccs/wscasestudy/part3/index.shtml, Apr 26,2002
22. [from web].Heather Kreger, "Web Services Conceptual Architecture"
http://www-900, ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-wsca/index.shtml, May,2001
23. [from web]. Naveen Balani," Web services architecture using MVC style"
http://www-9OO.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/ws-mvc[index.shtml, Feb,2002
24. [from web]. Frank Cohen," Understanding Web service interoperability"
http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/webservices/wsinter/index eng.shtml, Feb,2002
25．孙昌爱等，“软件体系结构研究综述”软件学报，Vol．13，2002
26．王昕等，“软件体系结构的研究与发展现状”计算机科学，Vol．25，1998
27．杨云，徐永红等，“网络软件工程技术的发展及其对策”计算机科学，Vol．29，2002
28．冯铁，张家晨等，“基于框架和角色模型的软件体系结构规约”软件学报，Vol．11，2000
29．孙吕爱，金茂忠，“软件体系结构描述研究与发展”计算机科学，Vol．30，2003
30．Roger S.Pressman,《软件工程—实践者的研究方法》，机械工业出版社，2002
31．飞思科技产品研发中心，《Java Web 服务应用开发详解》，电子工业出版社，2002
32．万建成，卢雷，《软件体系结构的原理、组成与应用》，科学出版社，2002
33．Ivar Jacobson,Grady Booch,James Rumbaugh,《统一软件开发过程》，机械工业出版社，2002
34．王永茂(译)，《Sun One 体系结构指南》，机械工业出版社，2002
35，朱三元，钱乐秋等，《软件工程技术概论》，科学出版社，2002
36．Erich Gamma,Richard Helm,Ralph Johnson,John Vlissides,《设计模式—可复用面向对象软件的基础》，机械工业出版社，2000
37．Ronald J.Norman,《Object-Oriented System Analysis And Design》，清华大学出版社，1998
38．杨安乐，程慧霞，”基于XML+MIMEMESSAGE的消息中心的实现”微机发展，Jun,2003
39．邓勇、丁峰等，“用UML和 Object-Z 描述交互式系统的接口规格说明”小型微型计算机系统，Vol．23，2002
40．张家晨，冯铁等，“基于主动连接件的软件体系结构及其描述方法”软件学报，Vol．11，2000
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