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磁悬浮列车速度控制与自动驾驶系统研究
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摘要
随着磁悬浮列车技术的发展与成熟,磁悬浮列车正逐步步入商业运营阶段。八达岭磁悬浮线路开工在即,设计要求磁悬浮列车在大约两公里的线路上来回往返运行,这一线路特点决定了列车的驾驶系统可以采用自动驾驶与手动驾驶相结合的方式,正常运行时以自动驾驶为主,调试阶段以手动驾驶为主。实现自动驾驶不但可以大幅降低驾驶员的工作强度,而且由于在自动驾驶条件下,列车是以最优的速度运行的,耗能、乘坐舒适度都会有很大改善,安全性也将有所提高。
     实现自动驾驶不是一躇尔就的。列车现有的驾驶系统通过直接改变牵引力的大小来控制列车运行速度,本文在现有系统的基础上,通过设计增加DSP控制平台,实现列车的速度控制,驾驶员只需给出期望的速度,至于如何调节速度则由速度控制器来完成。DSP数字控制平台以TMS320VC33作为核心处理器,扩展了串口和并口以采集和发送信息。
     进行算法设计必须有确定的目标系统,本文通过列车主控PLC采集运行参数,用最小二乘法辨识出了列车的运行模型。并基于模糊控制理论设计出了速度控制算法,并针对运动模型用MATLAB对速度控制算法作了仿真,得出了列车在各种情况下的仿真曲线。
     最后本文讨论了实现自动驾驶对硬件平台与逻辑程序的要求,给出了硬件平台的冗余结构,并对自动驾驶的原则、功能、逻辑规则作了讨论。
With the development of the technology of the maglev, maglev is stepping into the operational phase of the industry. Maglev line is going to be built on Mount Bada, designment requires that the maglev runs on the rail 2 miles long back and forth. The speciality of the line means that the automatic drive and the manual drive can be used together to comprise the driving system of the maglev, it can use automatic drive in the normal time and manual drive in the debugging period. Automatic drive can not only greatly reduce the work intensity of the drivers, but also decrease energy consume, improve ride comfort and safety.
    Automatic drive system must be studied step by step. Now on the maglev , driving system controls it's speed by straight changing the pull. Based on the existing system, this paper designs a DSP platform, using it to implement the speed control. Drivers merely give the target speed, how to acquire it leaves to the speed control system. Digital control platform of the DSP uses the TMS320VC33 as its kernel processor, it also expands serial port and parallel port to collect and send out information.
    Designing mathematic must have a certain target system. This paper uses master control PLC of the maglev to collect the running data, and uses the method of minimum squares to fit the kinetic model of the maglev. We also design the speed control mathematic on the basis of fuzzy control theory. Using MATLAB, we simulate the speed control mathematic based on the kinetic model, and get the simulated curve under various environments.
    At last, we discuss the requirements of the hardware and logical to implement the automatic drive, give the redundant structure of the hardware platform. We also discuss the principle, function, and logical rules of the automatic drive.
引文
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