基于Web的路由器管理技术研究与实现
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摘要
随着因特网的发展，Web技术得到了广泛应用。Web技术提供了灵活、高效的信息管理方式，友好、方便的访问途径，各个领域纷纷采用它来开发自己的接口界面，Web技术改变了人们使用信息的方式。同时，Web技术也正在改变着人们管理信息的模式。基于Web的管理概念包括系统管理、网络管理、网元管理、设备管理等，本文主要讨论基于Web的路由器管理技术。基于Web的管理技术为管理系统提供了友好的图形接口、更好的可维护性以及平台无关性，并且可以使得多台设备的管理可以无缝的集成，这些都促使许多设备制造商为自己设备提供基于Web的设备管理支持。
目前，有两种实现基于Web管理接口的方式，基于代理的形式和嵌入式的形式。本文集中讨论了嵌入式方式实现基于Web管理接口的技术，该方式是基于两层结构，结构简单，特别适合设备管理。在嵌入式实现方案中，主要是开发一个嵌入在路由器中Web服务器，并利用该服务器为管理员提供路由器的管理配置界面。管理系统中客户端程序是标准的Web浏览器，不需要重新开发客户端程序；同时，Web服务中使用的主要协议HTTP的实现技术也比较成熟，所以提供基于Web的设备管理界面具有很高的性能价格比。
基于Web的用户管理接口界面系统主要由三个部分组成：用户界面部分，嵌入的Web服务器和管理应用程序。用户界面负责与用户进行交换，向用户展示管理信息并获取用户输入的参数；嵌入的Web服务器则负责与客户端进行交换，并提供管理界面和管理应用程序之间的接口；管理应用程序负责具体的配置和管理动作。
在路由器中，基于Web的用户管理接口界面和基于命令行的管理接口界面共同组成了UI子系统，维护相同的配置信息，并且使用相同的底层支持获得管理信息。本文对路由器的配置命令进行了详细的分析，对其进行了组织和表示，以友好的方法方便管理员的配置。同时对嵌入式Web服务器的实现从体系结构、提供的应用程序接口机制、安全等方面进行了研究。系统采用模块化实现，方便了服务器的裁减；采用了SSI应用程序接口机制，同时提出符号表的概念，使得用户界面的设计和底层产生逻辑相区分。
在路由器中采用基于Web的管理接口方便了路由器的管理，减轻了管理员的负担。
With the development of Internet, web technology gains wide use. Web technology provides a flexible, efficient way to manage information with friendly way to access it. Many applications adopt this technology to develope its user interface, Web technology has changed people's way to use information. At the same time, web technology is changing the way people manage the information too. The concept of Web-based management is general, including system management, network management, network element management and device management, the topic of this paper is web-based device management. Web-based management technology provides friendly graphic user interface, better maintenance, platform independence and seamless integration of multiple devices management. These merits make device manufacturers to provide Web-based management user interface for their products.
Now there are two means to implement Web-based management: agent-based and embedded. This paper concentrates on embedded implementation which is a two layer archtecture. It is very simple and proper for device management. In this implement method, the main work is developing an embedded Web server through which provides router configuration interface. In the configure system, the client is the standard Web browser, and the main protocol Web technology use is mature, so providing web-based device management through embedded method has high quality-price rate.
Web-based management user interface system includes three parts: user interface, embedded Web server and management application. User interface is used for changing information with administrator, showing information and getting the administrator's parameters. Embedded Web server communicates with the client, provides the interface between user interface and management application. Manage application executes the configure action.
In the router system, web-based management user interface and command line interface constitute the UI subsystem. These two parts of UI subsystem maintain the same configure information and use the same function to interface with the other parts of the router system. This paper analyses the router configuration commands and groups the commands for friendly use of the network administrator. And this paper has also done some study in embedded server's archtecture, application interface and security. System is moduled for cutting down. SSI application interface and the concept of symbol table abstract the design of user interface from underground logic.
Adopting Web-based management user interface in router conveniences the configuration of the router and alleviates the administrator's burden.
目前，有两种实现基于Web管理接口的方式，基于代理的形式和嵌入式的形式。本文集中讨论了嵌入式方式实现基于Web管理接口的技术，该方式是基于两层结构，结构简单，特别适合设备管理。在嵌入式实现方案中，主要是开发一个嵌入在路由器中Web服务器，并利用该服务器为管理员提供路由器的管理配置界面。管理系统中客户端程序是标准的Web浏览器，不需要重新开发客户端程序；同时，Web服务中使用的主要协议HTTP的实现技术也比较成熟，所以提供基于Web的设备管理界面具有很高的性能价格比。
基于Web的用户管理接口界面系统主要由三个部分组成：用户界面部分，嵌入的Web服务器和管理应用程序。用户界面负责与用户进行交换，向用户展示管理信息并获取用户输入的参数；嵌入的Web服务器则负责与客户端进行交换，并提供管理界面和管理应用程序之间的接口；管理应用程序负责具体的配置和管理动作。
在路由器中，基于Web的用户管理接口界面和基于命令行的管理接口界面共同组成了UI子系统，维护相同的配置信息，并且使用相同的底层支持获得管理信息。本文对路由器的配置命令进行了详细的分析，对其进行了组织和表示，以友好的方法方便管理员的配置。同时对嵌入式Web服务器的实现从体系结构、提供的应用程序接口机制、安全等方面进行了研究。系统采用模块化实现，方便了服务器的裁减；采用了SSI应用程序接口机制，同时提出符号表的概念，使得用户界面的设计和底层产生逻辑相区分。
在路由器中采用基于Web的管理接口方便了路由器的管理，减轻了管理员的负担。
With the development of Internet, web technology gains wide use. Web technology provides a flexible, efficient way to manage information with friendly way to access it. Many applications adopt this technology to develope its user interface, Web technology has changed people's way to use information. At the same time, web technology is changing the way people manage the information too. The concept of Web-based management is general, including system management, network management, network element management and device management, the topic of this paper is web-based device management. Web-based management technology provides friendly graphic user interface, better maintenance, platform independence and seamless integration of multiple devices management. These merits make device manufacturers to provide Web-based management user interface for their products.
Now there are two means to implement Web-based management: agent-based and embedded. This paper concentrates on embedded implementation which is a two layer archtecture. It is very simple and proper for device management. In this implement method, the main work is developing an embedded Web server through which provides router configuration interface. In the configure system, the client is the standard Web browser, and the main protocol Web technology use is mature, so providing web-based device management through embedded method has high quality-price rate.
Web-based management user interface system includes three parts: user interface, embedded Web server and management application. User interface is used for changing information with administrator, showing information and getting the administrator's parameters. Embedded Web server communicates with the client, provides the interface between user interface and management application. Manage application executes the configure action.
In the router system, web-based management user interface and command line interface constitute the UI subsystem. These two parts of UI subsystem maintain the same configure information and use the same function to interface with the other parts of the router system. This paper analyses the router configuration commands and groups the commands for friendly use of the network administrator. And this paper has also done some study in embedded server's archtecture, application interface and security. System is moduled for cutting down. SSI application interface and the concept of symbol table abstract the design of user interface from underground logic.
Adopting Web-based management user interface in router conveniences the configuration of the router and alleviates the administrator's burden.
引文
[1] (德) Heinz-Gerd Hegering, Sebastian Abeck, Bernhard Neumair, 曹阳， 尹建华，凌军等译，网络系统的集成管理、概念、体系及其应用，北京： 清华大学出版社，2001． 11．
[2] Hong-Taek Ju , Mi-Joung Choi and James W. Hong , "EWS-based Management Application Interface and Integration Mechanisms for Web-based Element Management, " Technical Report, POSTECH, Korea, Dec. 2000．
[3] M. J. Choi, H. T. Ju and J. W. Hong, "MIB2HTML Compiler, "Technical Report PIRL-TR-99-002 , POSTECH, Korea, Dec. 1999．
[4] Barry Bruins , "Some Experiences with Emerging Management Technologies, " The Simple Times, Volume 4, Number 3, July, 1996, pp. 6-8．
[5] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk Nielsen, L. Masinter, P. Leach and T. Berners-Lee , "Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1． 1, " RFC 2616 IETF HTTP WG, June 1999．
[6] JavaTM Management Extensions White Paper. http://java.sun.com/products/JavaManagement.
[7] Patrick Mullaney, "Overview of a Web-based Agent", The Simple Times, Volume 4, Number 3, July, 1996, pp. 6-8．
[8] . J. P. Martin-Flatin, Push vs. pull in Web-based network management, Technical Report SSC/1998/022, version 3, SSC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, November 1998．
[9] (美)Bruce Eckel，京京工作室译，Java编程思想，北京：机械工业出 版社，1999． 4．
[10] WBEM, "WBEM Initiative", http://www.dmtf.org/wbem/.
[11] Alan Dix , Design of User Interfaces for the Web, User Interfaces to Data Intensive Systems, 1999． Proceedings , 1999 Page(s): 2-11．
[12] L. Bovet. The Push Model in a Java-Based Network Management Application. Master's Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne , Switzerland , March 1999． Available at.
[13] Douglas Hyde, Web-Based Management, 3Com Technical Papers, 1997．
[14] J. P. Martin-Flatin, L. Bovet, and J. P. Hubaux. "JAMAP: a Web-Based Management Platform for IP Networks" , Proc. 10th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems:
Operations & Management (DSOM'99) , LNCS 1700: 164-178, Zurich, Switzerland, Oct. 1999．
[15] Balachander Krishnamurthy, Jeffrey C. Mogul, David M. Kristol, Key Differences between HTTP/1． 0 and HTTP/1． 1．
[16] Netscape. Persistent client state HTTP cookies.http://www.netscape. com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html.
[17] Eric Rescorla, An Introduction to OpenSSL Programming, October 5, 2001．
[18] HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication, RFC 2617, June 1999．
[19] Paul Brigner, Creating Signed, Persistent Java Applets, Dr. Dobb's Journal, February 1999．
[20] DMTF, "Common Information Model (CIM)", http://www.dmtf.org/standards/standard_cim. php.
[21] Franck Barillaud, Luca Deri, Metin Feridun.Network Management using Internet Technologies, 1996．
[22] Web-based configuration management architecture for router networks, HonsoonKu; Forslow, J. ; Park, J.-G. Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2000． NOMS 2000． 2000 IEEE/IFIP , 2000．
[23] An efficient embedded Web server for Web-based network element management Mi-Joung Choi; Hong-Taek Ju; Hyun-Jun Cha; Sook-Hyang Kim; Hong, J.W.-K. Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2000． NOMS 2000． 2000 IEEE/IFIP , 2000 Page(s): 187-200．
[24] 张茜，张银福，基于Web的设备管理技术研究与实现，计算机工程与应 用(已录用)．
[25] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk, Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1． 0, 1996． 5．
[26] T. Dierks , Certicom, C. Allen, Certicom, RFC2246, The TLS Protocol, 1999． 1
[27] W．Richard Stevens，TCP／IP详解 卷3 TCP事务协议、HTTP、NNTP和 UNIX域协议，北京：机械工业出版社
[2] Hong-Taek Ju , Mi-Joung Choi and James W. Hong , "EWS-based Management Application Interface and Integration Mechanisms for Web-based Element Management, " Technical Report, POSTECH, Korea, Dec. 2000．
[3] M. J. Choi, H. T. Ju and J. W. Hong, "MIB2HTML Compiler, "Technical Report PIRL-TR-99-002 , POSTECH, Korea, Dec. 1999．
[4] Barry Bruins , "Some Experiences with Emerging Management Technologies, " The Simple Times, Volume 4, Number 3, July, 1996, pp. 6-8．
[5] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk Nielsen, L. Masinter, P. Leach and T. Berners-Lee , "Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1． 1, " RFC 2616 IETF HTTP WG, June 1999．
[6] JavaTM Management Extensions White Paper. http://java.sun.com/products/JavaManagement.
[7] Patrick Mullaney, "Overview of a Web-based Agent", The Simple Times, Volume 4, Number 3, July, 1996, pp. 6-8．
[8] . J. P. Martin-Flatin, Push vs. pull in Web-based network management, Technical Report SSC/1998/022, version 3, SSC, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, November 1998．
[9] (美)Bruce Eckel，京京工作室译，Java编程思想，北京：机械工业出 版社，1999． 4．
[10] WBEM, "WBEM Initiative", http://www.dmtf.org/wbem/.
[11] Alan Dix , Design of User Interfaces for the Web, User Interfaces to Data Intensive Systems, 1999． Proceedings , 1999 Page(s): 2-11．
[12] L. Bovet. The Push Model in a Java-Based Network Management Application. Master's Thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne , Switzerland , March 1999． Available at
[13] Douglas Hyde, Web-Based Management, 3Com Technical Papers, 1997．
[14] J. P. Martin-Flatin, L. Bovet, and J. P. Hubaux. "JAMAP: a Web-Based Management Platform for IP Networks" , Proc. 10th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems:
Operations & Management (DSOM'99) , LNCS 1700: 164-178, Zurich, Switzerland, Oct. 1999．
[15] Balachander Krishnamurthy, Jeffrey C. Mogul, David M. Kristol, Key Differences between HTTP/1． 0 and HTTP/1． 1．
[16] Netscape. Persistent client state HTTP cookies.http://www.netscape. com/newsref/std/cookie_spec.html.
[17] Eric Rescorla, An Introduction to OpenSSL Programming, October 5, 2001．
[18] HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication, RFC 2617, June 1999．
[19] Paul Brigner, Creating Signed, Persistent Java Applets, Dr. Dobb's Journal, February 1999．
[20] DMTF, "Common Information Model (CIM)", http://www.dmtf.org/standards/standard_cim. php.
[21] Franck Barillaud, Luca Deri, Metin Feridun.Network Management using Internet Technologies, 1996．
[22] Web-based configuration management architecture for router networks, HonsoonKu; Forslow, J. ; Park, J.-G. Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2000． NOMS 2000． 2000 IEEE/IFIP , 2000．
[23] An efficient embedded Web server for Web-based network element management Mi-Joung Choi; Hong-Taek Ju; Hyun-Jun Cha; Sook-Hyang Kim; Hong, J.W.-K. Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2000． NOMS 2000． 2000 IEEE/IFIP , 2000 Page(s): 187-200．
[24] 张茜，张银福，基于Web的设备管理技术研究与实现，计算机工程与应 用(已录用)．
[25] T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk, Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1． 0, 1996． 5．
[26] T. Dierks , Certicom, C. Allen, Certicom, RFC2246, The TLS Protocol, 1999． 1
[27] W．Richard Stevens，TCP／IP详解 卷3 TCP事务协议、HTTP、NNTP和 UNIX域协议，北京：机械工业出版社
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