药物加运动对SD雌性大鼠骨的生物力学性能的影响
|
摘要
目的:随着年龄的老化,妇女由于雌激素的分泌减少而导致骨的性能降低已经引起的人们充分重视。本文采用去卵巢大鼠模型,观察运动和雌激素对由于老年化而导致的激素减少造成的骨质疏松症预防和治疗的作用。为老年妇女选择适度的运动和药物疗法提供理论上的参考。
方法:将三月龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分成二大组手术组和假手术组:手术静止组10只(OVX)、手术给药组10只(OVX+ES)、手术给药运动组10只(OVX+ES+EX)、手术运动组10只(OVX+EX)和假手术运动组10只(SHAM+EX)、假手术静止组10只(SHAM)。手术组为双侧去除卵巢,假手术组在卵巢附近去除与卵巢体积大小相当的脂肪。在手术一周后,运动组均采用小动物跑台(型号:DSPT—202型小动物跑台)每天进行一个小时的运动强度为18米/分的跑步练习。跑台为水平状态,运动频率为每周6天的跑步练习。给药组所给的药物为17--β雌二醇,剂量未5ug/200g体重。注射时间安排采用每周1、3、5。运动组先进行5天逐渐加大运动量的预备训练,学习在跑台上跑步运动,直至符合实验的要求。用水合氯醛麻醉并用电子天平称量出大鼠的体重。对所有的大鼠进行股动脉放血处死并取下大鼠的后下肢左、右胫骨、股骨和第四腰椎骨,去除干净附着的结缔组织。把胫骨按编号放置在摄氏60度的实验室烤箱烤12个小时后取出。用电子分析天平称量所有胫骨的质量。再用游标卡尺测出大鼠胫骨的长度。计算出左右胫骨质量的平均值和大鼠质量比值乘以100---胫骨和体重的质量指数。对股骨和腰椎骨进行浸有pbs溶液的纱布包裹后放在-20摄氏度的冰箱里保存。然后在实验室常温下解冻至室温时,用骨密度仪测量右侧股骨和第四腰椎骨的骨密度后,测量出第四要椎骨的几何数据。用万能材料试验机进行股骨的三点弯曲实验和腰椎骨的压缩实验。对断裂的股骨用胶水粘合,用牙科锯在断裂处平整地锯断后,使用游标卡尺测出股骨的内外径,并计算出截面惯性矩。最后计算出骨材料力学指标。数理统计采用SPSS12.0进行单因素方差分析。
结果:本实验条件下,去除卵巢的大鼠其骨骼的几何尺寸、骨密度和力学指标值与假手术组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。进行了药物和运动干预的去卵巢大鼠与SHAM+EX比较,其骨密度指标、骨的生物力学指标没有显著性的变化。说明药物加运动对预防由于雌激素的缺乏而导致的骨质疏松是有效果的。但是这种效果不是单纯由药物和运动所引起。因为手术药物组和OVX+EX的去卵巢大鼠,尽管其力学指标值和骨密度与去势组静止组的大鼠比较有加强的变化(P<0.01或P<0.05),但是其与手术运动加药物组的去卵巢大鼠比较也有显著性的变化(P<0.01或P<0.05)。
结论:17--β雌二醇和跑步运动对改善去势大鼠的胫骨长度和胫骨与体重质量指数有意义。但是17--β雌二醇加跑步运动对改善这两个指标无协同作用。17--β雌二醇加跑步运动对改善去势大鼠股骨和第四腰椎骨骨密度效果明显;单纯给予17--β雌二醇、单纯的跑步对改善骨量的丢失也有显著性。但不如药物加运动的作用显著。单纯的17--β雌二醇、跑步运动对改善大鼠股骨和第四腰椎骨生物力学指标有一定的作用;但是17--β雌二醇加跑步运动的协同作用对改善去势大鼠骨骼生物力学指标效果更明显。实验的结果提示我们在预防和治疗由于老年化引起的骨质疏松,单纯的药物与运动干预,不如两者共同协同作用效果显著
Objective:with aging, people, especially women aroused much attention by the reduction of osseous performance which because of the estrogenic decrease. This thesis tries to use the older female rats SD to simulate on the condition of non-ovary and to make research using the interference of moments and medicines, which aim at discussing moments’and drugs’function to prevent and treat osteoporosis which result from hormone decrease because of aging as well as make the academic reference for women’s choices to moderate athletics and medicines.
Methods:to group randomly 60 female rats SD who 3 months old into the operation group and fake group, I divide the operation group into the operation stillness team of 10 rats (OVX), the operation giving-medicine stillness team of 10 rats (OVX+ES), the operation giving-medicine moment team of 10 rats (OVX+ES+EX), the operation pure action team of 10 rats (OVX+ES), the fake operation action team of 10 rats (SHAM+EX), the fake operation stillness team of 10 rats(SHAM). The operation group is that ovary-removed on both sides, the fake operation group is that remove ovary-size fats near ovary. one weeks latter, the moment groups all utilize the machine of little animal running platform (model: DSPT—202) to run an hour daily that 18m/min. The running platform take on the level circumstance and the frequency is 6 days one week. The medicines to the giving-medicine group is 17—βestradiol which dosage is 5ug/200g weight. The time to inject is Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The moment group carries through the preliminary training that is increasing intensity to study run at the running platform until measure up to requires. To hocus rats with Hydration of acetaldehyde and measure its weight, kill all rats by bleed at the femoral and take their right and left shankbones of back crura and thighbone、the fourth lumbar vertebra, then remove the clear connective tissue. After that, lay the shankbone into the experiment oven which temperature is 60 degree Celsius by number and take them out 12 hours latter. Then measure all shankones’masses by electronic analytical balance and measure their lengths by vernier caliper, then calculate the average of the right and left shankbones and the ratio of the rats’masses which multiply 100----the index of them. Then bandage the thighbones and lumbar spine bones with the gauze that is penetrated solution pbs, and reserve within the icebox which is -20 degree Celsius, as melt toward the room temperature under the normal temperature, then after measure the masses of right thighbone and the fourth lumbar vertebra by DEXA, measure the geometry data of the fourth lumbar vertebra, using the universal testing machine to carry out the three-points-bend experiment over the femoral and the condensing test of the lumbar bone. And paste in the rupturing thighbone with adhesive, after saw evenly the rupturing place by dental saw, to measure the femoral inner and outer lengths with vernier caliper and calculate the sectional moment of inertia, lastly calculate the indicators of bone material mechanics. Mathematical Statistics adopts SPSS12.0 to carry out the analysis of variance in single factor.
Results:according to this experiment, the ovary-removed rats’skeletal geometry, bone mineral density and mechanical index value took place the tendency to descend(P<0.01) in comparison with the fake operation group. The indicators of bone mineral density and the bone biomechanical indicators of ovary-removed rats who experienced the interference of medicines and movements had not change dramatically in comparison with the fake operation group, which meant medicines and movements work to prevent osteoporosis leading by the lack of estrogen, but the effect was not alone. Because the ovary-removed rats of the operation-medicine group and operation-movement group had changed dramatically compared with ones of the operation-movement-medicine group( (P<0.01 or P<0.05), despite its mechanical index and bone mineral density values had a little diversification compared with the emasculation group and stillness group( (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The fake operation group is to research whether the normal surgery lead to the change of skeletal dynamo data of rats. the ovary-removed operation lead to the change of skeletal dynamo data of rats. The above-mentioned results revealed that the estrogen on emasculation rat bone morphology, bone mineral density and bone biomechanical has a certain therapeutic effect. By the same reason, running matters to enhance the bone masses, and running blending with 17—βestradiol have the coordinating effect to treat the rats who suffer from osteoporosis. Key word: exercise and drug, drug, exercise, rag, bone mineral density, femur, lumbar spine bone, tibia, mechanical indicator.
Conclusion:17-βestrodiol and running can improve length of the tibia and index of the mass.But 17-βestrodiol plus running can not develop them each other.17-βostradiol plus running in effect improve BMD of the thighbone and vertebra of the emasculated rats.Only 17-βestrodiol only running also improve BMD .But less notable than drugs plus running.Only17-βestrodiol only running improve biomechanical index of the thighbone and lumbar bone partly.But 17-βostrodiol plus running can in effect improve the biomechanical index of them.Experimental results show esteoporosis was prevented and cured when agedness came in,intervenor of only drugs and running was less effective than intervernor drugs plus running.
方法:将三月龄SD雌性大鼠60只,随机分成二大组手术组和假手术组:手术静止组10只(OVX)、手术给药组10只(OVX+ES)、手术给药运动组10只(OVX+ES+EX)、手术运动组10只(OVX+EX)和假手术运动组10只(SHAM+EX)、假手术静止组10只(SHAM)。手术组为双侧去除卵巢,假手术组在卵巢附近去除与卵巢体积大小相当的脂肪。在手术一周后,运动组均采用小动物跑台(型号:DSPT—202型小动物跑台)每天进行一个小时的运动强度为18米/分的跑步练习。跑台为水平状态,运动频率为每周6天的跑步练习。给药组所给的药物为17--β雌二醇,剂量未5ug/200g体重。注射时间安排采用每周1、3、5。运动组先进行5天逐渐加大运动量的预备训练,学习在跑台上跑步运动,直至符合实验的要求。用水合氯醛麻醉并用电子天平称量出大鼠的体重。对所有的大鼠进行股动脉放血处死并取下大鼠的后下肢左、右胫骨、股骨和第四腰椎骨,去除干净附着的结缔组织。把胫骨按编号放置在摄氏60度的实验室烤箱烤12个小时后取出。用电子分析天平称量所有胫骨的质量。再用游标卡尺测出大鼠胫骨的长度。计算出左右胫骨质量的平均值和大鼠质量比值乘以100---胫骨和体重的质量指数。对股骨和腰椎骨进行浸有pbs溶液的纱布包裹后放在-20摄氏度的冰箱里保存。然后在实验室常温下解冻至室温时,用骨密度仪测量右侧股骨和第四腰椎骨的骨密度后,测量出第四要椎骨的几何数据。用万能材料试验机进行股骨的三点弯曲实验和腰椎骨的压缩实验。对断裂的股骨用胶水粘合,用牙科锯在断裂处平整地锯断后,使用游标卡尺测出股骨的内外径,并计算出截面惯性矩。最后计算出骨材料力学指标。数理统计采用SPSS12.0进行单因素方差分析。
结果:本实验条件下,去除卵巢的大鼠其骨骼的几何尺寸、骨密度和力学指标值与假手术组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。进行了药物和运动干预的去卵巢大鼠与SHAM+EX比较,其骨密度指标、骨的生物力学指标没有显著性的变化。说明药物加运动对预防由于雌激素的缺乏而导致的骨质疏松是有效果的。但是这种效果不是单纯由药物和运动所引起。因为手术药物组和OVX+EX的去卵巢大鼠,尽管其力学指标值和骨密度与去势组静止组的大鼠比较有加强的变化(P<0.01或P<0.05),但是其与手术运动加药物组的去卵巢大鼠比较也有显著性的变化(P<0.01或P<0.05)。
结论:17--β雌二醇和跑步运动对改善去势大鼠的胫骨长度和胫骨与体重质量指数有意义。但是17--β雌二醇加跑步运动对改善这两个指标无协同作用。17--β雌二醇加跑步运动对改善去势大鼠股骨和第四腰椎骨骨密度效果明显;单纯给予17--β雌二醇、单纯的跑步对改善骨量的丢失也有显著性。但不如药物加运动的作用显著。单纯的17--β雌二醇、跑步运动对改善大鼠股骨和第四腰椎骨生物力学指标有一定的作用;但是17--β雌二醇加跑步运动的协同作用对改善去势大鼠骨骼生物力学指标效果更明显。实验的结果提示我们在预防和治疗由于老年化引起的骨质疏松,单纯的药物与运动干预,不如两者共同协同作用效果显著
Objective:with aging, people, especially women aroused much attention by the reduction of osseous performance which because of the estrogenic decrease. This thesis tries to use the older female rats SD to simulate on the condition of non-ovary and to make research using the interference of moments and medicines, which aim at discussing moments’and drugs’function to prevent and treat osteoporosis which result from hormone decrease because of aging as well as make the academic reference for women’s choices to moderate athletics and medicines.
Methods:to group randomly 60 female rats SD who 3 months old into the operation group and fake group, I divide the operation group into the operation stillness team of 10 rats (OVX), the operation giving-medicine stillness team of 10 rats (OVX+ES), the operation giving-medicine moment team of 10 rats (OVX+ES+EX), the operation pure action team of 10 rats (OVX+ES), the fake operation action team of 10 rats (SHAM+EX), the fake operation stillness team of 10 rats(SHAM). The operation group is that ovary-removed on both sides, the fake operation group is that remove ovary-size fats near ovary. one weeks latter, the moment groups all utilize the machine of little animal running platform (model: DSPT—202) to run an hour daily that 18m/min. The running platform take on the level circumstance and the frequency is 6 days one week. The medicines to the giving-medicine group is 17—βestradiol which dosage is 5ug/200g weight. The time to inject is Monday, Wednesday and Friday. The moment group carries through the preliminary training that is increasing intensity to study run at the running platform until measure up to requires. To hocus rats with Hydration of acetaldehyde and measure its weight, kill all rats by bleed at the femoral and take their right and left shankbones of back crura and thighbone、the fourth lumbar vertebra, then remove the clear connective tissue. After that, lay the shankbone into the experiment oven which temperature is 60 degree Celsius by number and take them out 12 hours latter. Then measure all shankones’masses by electronic analytical balance and measure their lengths by vernier caliper, then calculate the average of the right and left shankbones and the ratio of the rats’masses which multiply 100----the index of them. Then bandage the thighbones and lumbar spine bones with the gauze that is penetrated solution pbs, and reserve within the icebox which is -20 degree Celsius, as melt toward the room temperature under the normal temperature, then after measure the masses of right thighbone and the fourth lumbar vertebra by DEXA, measure the geometry data of the fourth lumbar vertebra, using the universal testing machine to carry out the three-points-bend experiment over the femoral and the condensing test of the lumbar bone. And paste in the rupturing thighbone with adhesive, after saw evenly the rupturing place by dental saw, to measure the femoral inner and outer lengths with vernier caliper and calculate the sectional moment of inertia, lastly calculate the indicators of bone material mechanics. Mathematical Statistics adopts SPSS12.0 to carry out the analysis of variance in single factor.
Results:according to this experiment, the ovary-removed rats’skeletal geometry, bone mineral density and mechanical index value took place the tendency to descend(P<0.01) in comparison with the fake operation group. The indicators of bone mineral density and the bone biomechanical indicators of ovary-removed rats who experienced the interference of medicines and movements had not change dramatically in comparison with the fake operation group, which meant medicines and movements work to prevent osteoporosis leading by the lack of estrogen, but the effect was not alone. Because the ovary-removed rats of the operation-medicine group and operation-movement group had changed dramatically compared with ones of the operation-movement-medicine group( (P<0.01 or P<0.05), despite its mechanical index and bone mineral density values had a little diversification compared with the emasculation group and stillness group( (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The fake operation group is to research whether the normal surgery lead to the change of skeletal dynamo data of rats. the ovary-removed operation lead to the change of skeletal dynamo data of rats. The above-mentioned results revealed that the estrogen on emasculation rat bone morphology, bone mineral density and bone biomechanical has a certain therapeutic effect. By the same reason, running matters to enhance the bone masses, and running blending with 17—βestradiol have the coordinating effect to treat the rats who suffer from osteoporosis. Key word: exercise and drug, drug, exercise, rag, bone mineral density, femur, lumbar spine bone, tibia, mechanical indicator.
Conclusion:17-βestrodiol and running can improve length of the tibia and index of the mass.But 17-βestrodiol plus running can not develop them each other.17-βostradiol plus running in effect improve BMD of the thighbone and vertebra of the emasculated rats.Only 17-βestrodiol only running also improve BMD .But less notable than drugs plus running.Only17-βestrodiol only running improve biomechanical index of the thighbone and lumbar bone partly.But 17-βostrodiol plus running can in effect improve the biomechanical index of them.Experimental results show esteoporosis was prevented and cured when agedness came in,intervenor of only drugs and running was less effective than intervernor drugs plus running.
引文
[1] Davidson M,Oateoporosis update[J].Clin Rev.2002,12(4):75一82。
[2]孟迅吾.骨质疏松一我们的严峻挑战[M].国外医学内分泌学分册,2004,24(4):219一221。
[3]秦岭等.美国国家卫生院有关骨质疏松症的预防、诊断和治疗的共识文件[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.2002,8(1):90一93。
[4] Pak CYC, Sskhaee K, Beu NH. Comparison of nonrandomized rails with slow release odium fluoride with a randomized placebo on rolled trial in postmenopausal osteoporosis. [J] Bone MinerRes, 1996, 11:160-166.
[5] Ferretfi JC,Capozza RF.Interrelationships between densitometric,geometric and mechanical properties of bone modeling. [J] Bone Miner Res,1993,8:1389一1396。
[6] Njeh CF,Boivn CVI.The role of Ulteasound in the assessment of ostroporosjs:A reveiew[J」.Osteoporos Int, 1979:7(1):7-22。
[7] Cao XS,Zhang LS,et al.lntermittent+450head-up tilt improves mechanical Parameters of Hincdlimb unweightling in rats[J].Di一si Junyi Daxue Xyebao(J Fourth Mil Med Univ) 2000;21(6):655一658.
[8]邵敏,庄洪.骨密度、骨矿含量与椎体生物力学的相关性及中药骨康的干预作用[J].中医药临床杂志. 2006年6月第18卷第3期。
[9]曹建中.老年骨内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.1996.
[10]Victor h.Frankel,Margareta Nodrin主编,戴克戎等译。骨骼系统的生物力学基础[M].上海:学林出版社.1985.
[11]杨贵通.医用生物力学[M].北京:科学出版社.1994.
[12]孟和,顾志华.骨伤科生物力学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.1991.
[13]王健智.骨伤科生物力学的基本概念[J].中医正骨.1996,3:41一42.
[14]马建华,林燕萍.骨质疏松动物模型的研究进展[J].中国中医骨伤科杂.2001 5: 43一46.
[15] [2]Vermeulen A .Senile hypogonadism in man and hormone replacement therapy.Acta med Austriaca.2000,27:11—17.
[16] Kenny AM, PrestwoodKM,MarcelloKM, et al.Determinants of bone density in healthy older men with low testosterone levels.[J] Bone Miner Res, 1997,12:2119-2126.
[17]杨川,戴如春,廖二元.去势大鼠骨密度与生物力学间关系的改变[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志2001年8月第23卷第四册.
[18]崔伟,刘成林.瑞玲药液对老龄雌性大鼠骨质的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程.1994年第7卷第1期.
[19]陆邦超,王坚,赵明等.胰淀素对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响[J]医学研究生报.2006年10月第19卷第10期.
[20]沈志祥,刘翠鲜.游泳运动对老年雄性小鼠骨生物力学性能的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志.2007年一月第26卷第一期.
[21]胜田茂ほか.运动强度の违いがラットの骨成长に及ぼす影响[J].体育学研究,1991,36:39-51.
[22]曹建中.老年骨内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:155.
[23] KaastadTS,et al.Effect of intensitive training on Iower Ieg structural Strength:an in vivo study in ovarieotomized rats.Seand[J].Med.Sci.SPortS.1997:7(4):220.
[24] Nordsletten L.et al.The development of femoral osteopenia in ovariectomized rats is not reduced by high intensity treadmill training:a mechanical and densitometric study[J]. Calcif. Tissue.lnt.1994:55(6):436—442.
[25] A!banese CV.et al.Effect of physical activity on bone mineral density.Study in young male volleyball athletes,Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Osteoporosis and Metadolic Bone Diseases.1992:513一516.
[26]章晓霜,李红,高顺生.大强度运动对去卵巢大鼠骨量的影响[J].体育学刊.2000年第2期.
[27]杨国敏.过度跳跃训练对生长期大鼠骨生物力学性质的影响[J].体育学刊.2004年5月第11卷第3期.
[28] Nakajima D. Suppressive effects of genistein dosage and resistance exercise on bone loss in ovariectomized rats[J]. Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci, 2001 , 20(5): 285-91.
[29] Korht WM. HRT preserves increases in bone mineral density and reduction in body fat after a supervised exercise program[J]. Appl Physiol,1998,84(5):1506-1512.
[30] Li CY, Jee WS, Chen JL, et al. Estrogen and“exercise”have a synergistic effect in preventing bone loss in the lumbar verte-bra and femoral neck of the ovariectomized rat[J]. Calcif Tissue Int, 2003, 72(1): 42-49.
[31] LICY,JEE W S,CHEN J L,et al.Estrogen and“exercise”have a Synergistic Effect in Preventing Bone Loss in the Lumbar Vertebra and Femoral Neck of the Ovariectomized Rat [J].Calcif Tissue Int,2003,72(1):42-49.
[32]章晓霜,李青南,胡彬.不同强度跑台运动与雌激素联合作用对实验性骨质疏松大鼠骨量的影响[J].中国医学科学杂志. 2002年第17卷第2期
[33]王维.不同频率脉冲电磁场对去势大鼠股骨骨密度、骨钙含量和生物力学性能的影响[D]。四川大学临床医学硕士专业学位论文. 2006年4月10日.
[34]张小云,薛延,苏湘鄂等.磁场对去卵巢大鼠骨密度、骨强度和骨代谢的影响[J]基础医学与临床.2002,22(6):550—3.
[35]张小云,罗振国,何小阳等.从分子水平探索旋转恒定磁场对机体作用之机理[J].中国科学(C卷),2001,31(6):275—82.
[36]张小云,罗振国,马永健等.磁场对血浆β--内啡肽的影响[J].中国物理医学杂志.1998,20(30):129—33.
[37]催伟,刘成林.动物骨生物力学指标的选择及计算方法[J]中国骨质疏松杂志1998年2月第四卷第1期.
[38]崔伟,刘成林.基础骨生物力学(一)[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.1997,3(4):82一85.
[39]七五三木聪.成长期运动力引色起二寸骨肥大.体力科学[J].1990,39(6):181一188.
[40]崔伟,刘成林.基础骨生物力学(二)[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.1998,4(1):90一92.
[41]陈一心等.雌性大鼠去势后股骨生物力学变化[J].医用生物力学.1996,11(1):51一53.
[42]廖威明,周肇平,曲广运等.运动对去势雌性大鼠骨密度和生物力学的影响[J].中山医科大学学报.1998,19(增刊):4—7.
[43]吴秀明,戴建伟. APACHEⅢ危重疾病评分系统在ICU中的应用价值[J].中国基层医药2005年5月第5期.第522页.
[44]谢华,李清南,吴铁等.康力龙、泼尼松对大鼠骨组织形态学的影响[J].解剖学研究.2000,22:25-27.
[45]刘本伟.不同运动方式对去卵巢大鼠骨密度、生物力学及代谢指标的影响[D].华东师范大学2007届硕士研究生学位论文。
[46]章晓霜,李红,文质君.不同强度运动和雌激素联合作用对去卵巢大鼠骨骼影响的骨形态计量学研究[J] .体育科学. 2006年08期.
[47]章晓霜,许豪文,赵卫东.不同强度运动和雌激素联合作用对去卵巢大鼠骨骼生物力学性能的影响[J]中国运动医学杂志.2006年3月第25卷第2期.
[48]鲍丽颖,王佩云.不同形式的运动对生长期大鼠下肢骨纵向生长的影响[J]天津体育学院学报. 2003年03期.
[49] Oursler M J, Osdoby P, PyfferoenJ, et al. Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,88:6613-6617 .
[50] Peng ZQ, VaananenHK, Tuukkanen J. Ovariectomy-induced bone loss can be affected by different intensities of treadmill running exercise in rats[J]. Calcif Tissue Int,1997,60(5):441-448.
[51] Shimiuz T,Zewrekh JE,Videma.n T,Gill K,Mooney V,Holmes RE,Hagler HK.Bone ingrowth into Porous calcium PhosPhate ceramics:influence of Pulsingelectromagetic field.[J] Orthrop Res,1988,6(2):248一258.
[52]李青南,吴铁,李朝阳,等.骨质疏松实验动物研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社.2001:15一7,20一1.
[53]菲利普.J.拉希等编著,胡绩等译.运动学和应用解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.1985.
[54]全国体育学院教材委员会.运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.1989.
[55]陈心爽等.材料力学.上海:同济大学出版社[M].1996.
[56]曹建中,等.老年骨内科学.北京:人民卫生出版社[M].1996.
[57]杨贵通.医用生物力学[M].北京:科学出版社.1994.
[58]陈一心等.雌性大鼠去势后股骨生物力学变化[J].医用生物力学.1996,11(1):51一53.
[59]钱祖稀中药配合雌激素治疗绝经后骨质疏松症60例[J].实用中医杂志.1999.15(8):31.
[60]蓝群,何成奇,奚颖等.中医药防治骨质疏松症研究现状[J]中国临床康复.2003,7(1):76-7.
[61]沈霖,杜靖远,曾晖等.补肾方对成骨细胞生长因子TGF-B1 mRNA表达的影响[J].中医正骨.2001,13(5)3-5.
[62]沈霖,杜靖远,赵海波补肾法对IL-1诱导的破骨细胞性骨吸收及破骨细胞MMP-9的影响[J].中医正骨,1999.11(7):3-5.
[63]朱太咏,石印玉,张戈等.补肾中药复方改善去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠松质骨骨生物力学性能的作用及机制探讨[J].现代康复.2001,5(11下):114-6.
[64] Murran D W, et al. The effect of strain on bone cell prostaglandin E2 release: A new experimental method [J].Calcif Tissue Int,1900;47:35—39.
[65] Frost H M, et al. Vital biomechanics: Proposed general con-cepts for skeletal adaptations to mechanical usage [J]. Calcif Tissue Tit,1988;42:145—156..
[66] Martin R B, et al. A hypothetical mechanism for the stimula-tion of osteonal remodeling by tatigue damage [J]. J Biomech,1982;15:137--139..
[67] ]张胜利,王全平.雌激素在Ⅰ型原发性骨质疏松症发病机制中作用的研究进展[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.1999,5(1):86-88.
[68] Wronski TJ,Y en CF, Dann QH, et al Parathyroid hormone is more effective than estrogen of bisphosphonates for restoration of lost bone mass in ovariectomized rats[J].Endocrinology,1993,132:832-831.
[69] BostromMPG, Boskey A, Kaufman JJ, et al. Form and func-tion of bone. In: Simon (eds). Basic Science in Orthopaedics.Am Acad Orhop Surg, 2000, 319-370.
[70] Carter DR, Van Der Meulen MC, Beaupre GS. Mechanical factors in bone growthand development[J]. Bone, 1996, 18(1Suppl):S5-S10.
[71] Henderson JH, Carter DR. Mechanical induction in limb morphogenesis: the role of growth-generated strains and pressures[J]. Bone, 2002, 31(6):645-653.
[72] Frost HM. Why do bone strength and“mass”in aging adults become unresponsive to vigorous exercise? Insights of the Utah paradigm [J] .Bone MinerMetab, 1999, 17(2):90-97.
[73]秦岭,胡声宇,陈启明,等.骨的组织形态、骨的生长发育、骨折愈合和骨质疏松[J].
[74] Khan K, McKayHA, HaapasaloH, et al. Does childhood and adolescence provide a unique opportunity for exercise to strengthen the skeleton [J ]?Sci Med Sport, 2000, 3(2):150-164.
[75] Kontulainen S, Sievanen H, Kannus P, et al. Effect of long- term impact - loading on mass, size, and estimated strength of humerus and radius of female racquet-sports players: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study between young and old starters and controls[J]. Bone Miner Res,2002, 17(12):2281-228
[76] Haapasalo H, Kontulainen S, Sievanen H, et al. Exercise-induced bone gain is due to enlargement in bone size without a change in volumetric bone density: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study of the upper arms of male tennis players[J]. Bone, 2000, 27(3):351-357.
[77]孙颖.不同强度运动对骨质疏松模型大鼠骨代谢的影响.北京体育大学硕士学位论文[D].2001,09,01
[78] HAROLD M,FROST.Does Bone Design Intend to Minimize Fatigue Failures? A Case for the Affirmative[J]. Bone Miner Metab,2000,18:278-282
[79] HAROLD M.FROST.The Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology: an Overview of Its Insight for bone, Cartilage, Collagenious Tissue Organs[J]. Bone Miner Metab,2000,18:305-316.
[80] Ferretti JL.Peripheral quantitative computed tomograPhy(PQCT) for evaluating structural and mechanical Properties of small bone. Practical guide for mechanical testing of bone.1sted.Boca Raton,Fla:CRC press,1999.1-25.
[81]Hasegawa Y,aSchneider P,Reiner C.Age, sex,and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography(pQCT)at the human radius.[J] Biomech,2001,34:497-503.
[82] Hahn,Mvuvgel M,Pompesius一Kempa,et,al.Trabecular bone pattern factor:a new parameter for simple quantification of bone microarchitecture[J].Bone,1992,8(3):313-327.
[2]孟迅吾.骨质疏松一我们的严峻挑战[M].国外医学内分泌学分册,2004,24(4):219一221。
[3]秦岭等.美国国家卫生院有关骨质疏松症的预防、诊断和治疗的共识文件[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.2002,8(1):90一93。
[4] Pak CYC, Sskhaee K, Beu NH. Comparison of nonrandomized rails with slow release odium fluoride with a randomized placebo on rolled trial in postmenopausal osteoporosis. [J] Bone MinerRes, 1996, 11:160-166.
[5] Ferretfi JC,Capozza RF.Interrelationships between densitometric,geometric and mechanical properties of bone modeling. [J] Bone Miner Res,1993,8:1389一1396。
[6] Njeh CF,Boivn CVI.The role of Ulteasound in the assessment of ostroporosjs:A reveiew[J」.Osteoporos Int, 1979:7(1):7-22。
[7] Cao XS,Zhang LS,et al.lntermittent+450head-up tilt improves mechanical Parameters of Hincdlimb unweightling in rats[J].Di一si Junyi Daxue Xyebao(J Fourth Mil Med Univ) 2000;21(6):655一658.
[8]邵敏,庄洪.骨密度、骨矿含量与椎体生物力学的相关性及中药骨康的干预作用[J].中医药临床杂志. 2006年6月第18卷第3期。
[9]曹建中.老年骨内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.1996.
[10]Victor h.Frankel,Margareta Nodrin主编,戴克戎等译。骨骼系统的生物力学基础[M].上海:学林出版社.1985.
[11]杨贵通.医用生物力学[M].北京:科学出版社.1994.
[12]孟和,顾志华.骨伤科生物力学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.1991.
[13]王健智.骨伤科生物力学的基本概念[J].中医正骨.1996,3:41一42.
[14]马建华,林燕萍.骨质疏松动物模型的研究进展[J].中国中医骨伤科杂.2001 5: 43一46.
[15] [2]Vermeulen A .Senile hypogonadism in man and hormone replacement therapy.Acta med Austriaca.2000,27:11—17.
[16] Kenny AM, PrestwoodKM,MarcelloKM, et al.Determinants of bone density in healthy older men with low testosterone levels.[J] Bone Miner Res, 1997,12:2119-2126.
[17]杨川,戴如春,廖二元.去势大鼠骨密度与生物力学间关系的改变[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志2001年8月第23卷第四册.
[18]崔伟,刘成林.瑞玲药液对老龄雌性大鼠骨质的影响[J].航天医学与医学工程.1994年第7卷第1期.
[19]陆邦超,王坚,赵明等.胰淀素对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响[J]医学研究生报.2006年10月第19卷第10期.
[20]沈志祥,刘翠鲜.游泳运动对老年雄性小鼠骨生物力学性能的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志.2007年一月第26卷第一期.
[21]胜田茂ほか.运动强度の违いがラットの骨成长に及ぼす影响[J].体育学研究,1991,36:39-51.
[22]曹建中.老年骨内科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1996:155.
[23] KaastadTS,et al.Effect of intensitive training on Iower Ieg structural Strength:an in vivo study in ovarieotomized rats.Seand[J].Med.Sci.SPortS.1997:7(4):220.
[24] Nordsletten L.et al.The development of femoral osteopenia in ovariectomized rats is not reduced by high intensity treadmill training:a mechanical and densitometric study[J]. Calcif. Tissue.lnt.1994:55(6):436—442.
[25] A!banese CV.et al.Effect of physical activity on bone mineral density.Study in young male volleyball athletes,Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Osteoporosis and Metadolic Bone Diseases.1992:513一516.
[26]章晓霜,李红,高顺生.大强度运动对去卵巢大鼠骨量的影响[J].体育学刊.2000年第2期.
[27]杨国敏.过度跳跃训练对生长期大鼠骨生物力学性质的影响[J].体育学刊.2004年5月第11卷第3期.
[28] Nakajima D. Suppressive effects of genistein dosage and resistance exercise on bone loss in ovariectomized rats[J]. Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci, 2001 , 20(5): 285-91.
[29] Korht WM. HRT preserves increases in bone mineral density and reduction in body fat after a supervised exercise program[J]. Appl Physiol,1998,84(5):1506-1512.
[30] Li CY, Jee WS, Chen JL, et al. Estrogen and“exercise”have a synergistic effect in preventing bone loss in the lumbar verte-bra and femoral neck of the ovariectomized rat[J]. Calcif Tissue Int, 2003, 72(1): 42-49.
[31] LICY,JEE W S,CHEN J L,et al.Estrogen and“exercise”have a Synergistic Effect in Preventing Bone Loss in the Lumbar Vertebra and Femoral Neck of the Ovariectomized Rat [J].Calcif Tissue Int,2003,72(1):42-49.
[32]章晓霜,李青南,胡彬.不同强度跑台运动与雌激素联合作用对实验性骨质疏松大鼠骨量的影响[J].中国医学科学杂志. 2002年第17卷第2期
[33]王维.不同频率脉冲电磁场对去势大鼠股骨骨密度、骨钙含量和生物力学性能的影响[D]。四川大学临床医学硕士专业学位论文. 2006年4月10日.
[34]张小云,薛延,苏湘鄂等.磁场对去卵巢大鼠骨密度、骨强度和骨代谢的影响[J]基础医学与临床.2002,22(6):550—3.
[35]张小云,罗振国,何小阳等.从分子水平探索旋转恒定磁场对机体作用之机理[J].中国科学(C卷),2001,31(6):275—82.
[36]张小云,罗振国,马永健等.磁场对血浆β--内啡肽的影响[J].中国物理医学杂志.1998,20(30):129—33.
[37]催伟,刘成林.动物骨生物力学指标的选择及计算方法[J]中国骨质疏松杂志1998年2月第四卷第1期.
[38]崔伟,刘成林.基础骨生物力学(一)[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.1997,3(4):82一85.
[39]七五三木聪.成长期运动力引色起二寸骨肥大.体力科学[J].1990,39(6):181一188.
[40]崔伟,刘成林.基础骨生物力学(二)[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.1998,4(1):90一92.
[41]陈一心等.雌性大鼠去势后股骨生物力学变化[J].医用生物力学.1996,11(1):51一53.
[42]廖威明,周肇平,曲广运等.运动对去势雌性大鼠骨密度和生物力学的影响[J].中山医科大学学报.1998,19(增刊):4—7.
[43]吴秀明,戴建伟. APACHEⅢ危重疾病评分系统在ICU中的应用价值[J].中国基层医药2005年5月第5期.第522页.
[44]谢华,李清南,吴铁等.康力龙、泼尼松对大鼠骨组织形态学的影响[J].解剖学研究.2000,22:25-27.
[45]刘本伟.不同运动方式对去卵巢大鼠骨密度、生物力学及代谢指标的影响[D].华东师范大学2007届硕士研究生学位论文。
[46]章晓霜,李红,文质君.不同强度运动和雌激素联合作用对去卵巢大鼠骨骼影响的骨形态计量学研究[J] .体育科学. 2006年08期.
[47]章晓霜,许豪文,赵卫东.不同强度运动和雌激素联合作用对去卵巢大鼠骨骼生物力学性能的影响[J]中国运动医学杂志.2006年3月第25卷第2期.
[48]鲍丽颖,王佩云.不同形式的运动对生长期大鼠下肢骨纵向生长的影响[J]天津体育学院学报. 2003年03期.
[49] Oursler M J, Osdoby P, PyfferoenJ, et al. Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1991,88:6613-6617 .
[50] Peng ZQ, VaananenHK, Tuukkanen J. Ovariectomy-induced bone loss can be affected by different intensities of treadmill running exercise in rats[J]. Calcif Tissue Int,1997,60(5):441-448.
[51] Shimiuz T,Zewrekh JE,Videma.n T,Gill K,Mooney V,Holmes RE,Hagler HK.Bone ingrowth into Porous calcium PhosPhate ceramics:influence of Pulsingelectromagetic field.[J] Orthrop Res,1988,6(2):248一258.
[52]李青南,吴铁,李朝阳,等.骨质疏松实验动物研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社.2001:15一7,20一1.
[53]菲利普.J.拉希等编著,胡绩等译.运动学和应用解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.1985.
[54]全国体育学院教材委员会.运动解剖学[M].北京:人民体育出版社.1989.
[55]陈心爽等.材料力学.上海:同济大学出版社[M].1996.
[56]曹建中,等.老年骨内科学.北京:人民卫生出版社[M].1996.
[57]杨贵通.医用生物力学[M].北京:科学出版社.1994.
[58]陈一心等.雌性大鼠去势后股骨生物力学变化[J].医用生物力学.1996,11(1):51一53.
[59]钱祖稀中药配合雌激素治疗绝经后骨质疏松症60例[J].实用中医杂志.1999.15(8):31.
[60]蓝群,何成奇,奚颖等.中医药防治骨质疏松症研究现状[J]中国临床康复.2003,7(1):76-7.
[61]沈霖,杜靖远,曾晖等.补肾方对成骨细胞生长因子TGF-B1 mRNA表达的影响[J].中医正骨.2001,13(5)3-5.
[62]沈霖,杜靖远,赵海波补肾法对IL-1诱导的破骨细胞性骨吸收及破骨细胞MMP-9的影响[J].中医正骨,1999.11(7):3-5.
[63]朱太咏,石印玉,张戈等.补肾中药复方改善去卵巢骨质疏松模型大鼠松质骨骨生物力学性能的作用及机制探讨[J].现代康复.2001,5(11下):114-6.
[64] Murran D W, et al. The effect of strain on bone cell prostaglandin E2 release: A new experimental method [J].Calcif Tissue Int,1900;47:35—39.
[65] Frost H M, et al. Vital biomechanics: Proposed general con-cepts for skeletal adaptations to mechanical usage [J]. Calcif Tissue Tit,1988;42:145—156..
[66] Martin R B, et al. A hypothetical mechanism for the stimula-tion of osteonal remodeling by tatigue damage [J]. J Biomech,1982;15:137--139..
[67] ]张胜利,王全平.雌激素在Ⅰ型原发性骨质疏松症发病机制中作用的研究进展[J].中国骨质疏松杂志.1999,5(1):86-88.
[68] Wronski TJ,Y en CF, Dann QH, et al Parathyroid hormone is more effective than estrogen of bisphosphonates for restoration of lost bone mass in ovariectomized rats[J].Endocrinology,1993,132:832-831.
[69] BostromMPG, Boskey A, Kaufman JJ, et al. Form and func-tion of bone. In: Simon (eds). Basic Science in Orthopaedics.Am Acad Orhop Surg, 2000, 319-370.
[70] Carter DR, Van Der Meulen MC, Beaupre GS. Mechanical factors in bone growthand development[J]. Bone, 1996, 18(1Suppl):S5-S10.
[71] Henderson JH, Carter DR. Mechanical induction in limb morphogenesis: the role of growth-generated strains and pressures[J]. Bone, 2002, 31(6):645-653.
[72] Frost HM. Why do bone strength and“mass”in aging adults become unresponsive to vigorous exercise? Insights of the Utah paradigm [J] .Bone MinerMetab, 1999, 17(2):90-97.
[73]秦岭,胡声宇,陈启明,等.骨的组织形态、骨的生长发育、骨折愈合和骨质疏松[J].
[74] Khan K, McKayHA, HaapasaloH, et al. Does childhood and adolescence provide a unique opportunity for exercise to strengthen the skeleton [J ]?Sci Med Sport, 2000, 3(2):150-164.
[75] Kontulainen S, Sievanen H, Kannus P, et al. Effect of long- term impact - loading on mass, size, and estimated strength of humerus and radius of female racquet-sports players: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study between young and old starters and controls[J]. Bone Miner Res,2002, 17(12):2281-228
[76] Haapasalo H, Kontulainen S, Sievanen H, et al. Exercise-induced bone gain is due to enlargement in bone size without a change in volumetric bone density: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study of the upper arms of male tennis players[J]. Bone, 2000, 27(3):351-357.
[77]孙颖.不同强度运动对骨质疏松模型大鼠骨代谢的影响.北京体育大学硕士学位论文[D].2001,09,01
[78] HAROLD M,FROST.Does Bone Design Intend to Minimize Fatigue Failures? A Case for the Affirmative[J]. Bone Miner Metab,2000,18:278-282
[79] HAROLD M.FROST.The Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology: an Overview of Its Insight for bone, Cartilage, Collagenious Tissue Organs[J]. Bone Miner Metab,2000,18:305-316.
[80] Ferretti JL.Peripheral quantitative computed tomograPhy(PQCT) for evaluating structural and mechanical Properties of small bone. Practical guide for mechanical testing of bone.1sted.Boca Raton,Fla:CRC press,1999.1-25.
[81]Hasegawa Y,aSchneider P,Reiner C.Age, sex,and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography(pQCT)at the human radius.[J] Biomech,2001,34:497-503.
[82] Hahn,Mvuvgel M,Pompesius一Kempa,et,al.Trabecular bone pattern factor:a new parameter for simple quantification of bone microarchitecture[J].Bone,1992,8(3):313-327.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |