人参叶皂甙对鸡免疫功能调节的研究
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摘要
人参作为一种珍贵的中药材，不但在我国的中医中药领域中占有重要地位，而且在日本、朝鲜、前苏联等国家医学中亦颇受重视。近年来，关于人参的药理研究已进入了一个飞跃发展的阶段。大量研究证明人参皂甙是人参的主要活性成分。通过动物实验证明人参皂甙是一种很好的免疫增强剂，它具有扶正固本、增强单核巨噬细胞系统功能，促进特异性抗体的生成和淋巴细胞转化，促进某些淋巴因子的分泌，对天然杀伤细胞-干扰素-白介素-2调节网起正调节作用，并能保护受病毒侵袭的组织细胞。虽然有人报道人参根乙醇提取物对雏鸡有促生长作用，但至今在动物医学上尚未有直接应用的。西洋参茎叶皂甙是从西洋参茎叶中提取的总皂甙，而且证实茎叶中总皂甙含量明显高于根中。吉林省作为人参栽培大省，每年都有许多人参叶作为废弃物而丢弃在田间没有被充分利用。因此开发、利用人参叶具有资源丰富，安全方便，无残留等优点，且含有多种活性成分，具有营养与保健的双重功能，作为添加剂直接饲喂动物，起到防病促生长作用。随着我国加入WTO后绿色生态畜牧业的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高，人参叶在养殖业中的应用前景广阔。本试验的目的是研究人参叶皂甙对鸡免疫功能的调节作用，为开发人参叶在养殖业中的应用提供依据。
试验采用单因子方差分析的试验设计，分成五组，其中1组为对照组，其余为试验组，每组设三个重复，每个重复20只鸡(2组自1日龄起饲喂含5％人参叶粉的饲料至35日龄；3组于14～20日龄期间每日皮下注射5％人参皂甙生理盐水一次，剂量为20mg／kg；4组于28日～35日龄期间每日皮下注射5％人参皂甙生理盐水一次，剂量为20mg／kg；21日龄时5组皮下注射含人参皂甙的ND油佐剂苗免疫，其余各组皮下注射常规ND油苗免疫)。
35日龄时，1组、2组、4组随机抽取6只鸡，静脉注射大肠杆菌菌液1 ml(菌液含大肠杆菌4×10~6个／ml)。注入大肠杆菌菌液后1h、2h、3h分别采血做平板培养，测其中大肠杆菌数。
60日龄时，从1～3组鸡中各随机抽取10只发育正常的个体，空腹称重，颈动
吉林农业大学硕士学位论文
人参叶皂武对鸡免疫功能调节的研究
脉放血致死，分离并测定胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏等免疫器官的重量和指数.
1组、2组、3组、5组鸡分别于二免前ld、二免疫后7d、14d、21d、28d、
35d、42d时，每组随机抽取10只鸡，翅静脉采血0. snil，分离血清，用p一微量血
凝抑制试验测定鸡血清中的HI杭体效价.
研究结果表明:与对照组相比，人参叶皂武能促进鸡杭NDV杭体的产生;人
参叶皂武对鸡胸腺的发育有一定的促进作用，对鸡脾脏的发育有一定抑制作用，
对法氏囊的影响由于给药方式不同而异;人参叶皂武能使鸡单核一巨噬细胞系统吞
噬能力增强.
As a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine, The ginseng not only occupy the important status in the Traditional Chinese medicine field of our country, also quite paid attention to in country's medical science, such as Japan, Korea, the former Soviet Union, etc. In recent years, the pharmacology research about the ginseng has already entered the stage for rapidly development. A large number of research proves that the glucoside of ginsengs is the main active composition of the ginseng. Prove that the soap glucoside of ginsengs is a kind of very good immunity strengthens the pharmaceutical through animal's experiment, It is strengthening the systematic function of single-nuclear macrophage cell, promotes the formulation antibody and lymphocyte transformed, Promote some lymph secretion of factor, play a regulating role in natural killer cell-interferon-IL-2 regulate network, and protect the organization cell attacked by the virus. Though someone reports that roots ethanol extract of ginseng have functio
n of urging to grow on the chicken, there is not the one that has been used directly in animal medicine. The stem leaf glucoside of American ginseng is the total glucoside drawn from the stem leaf of American ginseng, And verify that the content of glucoside of the total soap is obviously higher than roots in the leaf of stems. As the big culture province of ginseng, there are a lot of ginseng leaves as the offal abandon in the field but not to fully utilized every year in Jilin Province. It is abundant to develop, utilize the leaf of ginsengs to have resources, It have much merits such as safe and convenient, without residue, and contain many kinds of active composition. Feed the animal directly as the additive, It can prevented disease and urge to grow role. With the development of the green ecological animal husbandry and constant improvement of people's living standard after the accession to the WTO, The application of leaf of ginseng has a bright future in the aquaculture. The purpose of tests is to stu
dy the regulating action to chicken's immune function of glucoside of soap of leaf of ginsengs, Offer basis on which develop the application in the aquaculture of leaf of ginseng.
The test adopts single factor variance and analyses, All chicken divides into 5
groups, 1 groups is the contrast group, The others are test groups, every group set up three repetitions, 20 chicken in each repetitions (2 group feed the fodder including 5% of the ginseng leaf to the 35th age since the 1st age; 3 groups hypodermic injected of 5% of the ginseng glucoside physiological saline once from 14 to the 20th age, Dosage is 20mg/kg; 4 groups hypodermic injected of 5% of the ginseng glucoside physiological saline once from 28 to the 35th age, Dosage is 20mg/kg; 5 groups hypodermic injected ND oil containing soap glucoside of the ginseng in the 21st age. Routine hypodermic injected immunity ND oil of every other groups).
Collect of 6 chickens at random in 2 groups, 4 groups, Each chicken were intravenous injection E.coli lml(include 4xl06/ml). Makes the plateform to examines the counts in blood and after Ih, 2h, 3h pouring into E.coli.
Weight 10 develop normal chickens on an empty stomach at random from 1~3 groups, death through arterial carotis bloodletting, separated and determined chest gland, bursa and spleen weight and index.
At the time of 1d, 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d 42d after second immunity, Collect 10 chickens at random from 1 groups, 2groups, 3groups, Sgroups, collect blood 0.5 ml in wing vein, separate the serum, Determine the HI antibody price in serum with p-micro-methods.
The result of study shows: Compared with contrast group, the leaf glucoside of the ginseng can promote chickens to resist the production of NDV antibody; The leaf glucoside of the ginseng has facilitation to the development of the pigeon breast gland, have inhibition on the development of chicken's spleen, Different influence of bursa because of different way when giving the medicine; Ginseng leaf glucoside can formed ability of nucl
试验采用单因子方差分析的试验设计，分成五组，其中1组为对照组，其余为试验组，每组设三个重复，每个重复20只鸡(2组自1日龄起饲喂含5％人参叶粉的饲料至35日龄；3组于14～20日龄期间每日皮下注射5％人参皂甙生理盐水一次，剂量为20mg／kg；4组于28日～35日龄期间每日皮下注射5％人参皂甙生理盐水一次，剂量为20mg／kg；21日龄时5组皮下注射含人参皂甙的ND油佐剂苗免疫，其余各组皮下注射常规ND油苗免疫)。
35日龄时，1组、2组、4组随机抽取6只鸡，静脉注射大肠杆菌菌液1 ml(菌液含大肠杆菌4×10~6个／ml)。注入大肠杆菌菌液后1h、2h、3h分别采血做平板培养，测其中大肠杆菌数。
60日龄时，从1～3组鸡中各随机抽取10只发育正常的个体，空腹称重，颈动
吉林农业大学硕士学位论文
人参叶皂武对鸡免疫功能调节的研究
脉放血致死，分离并测定胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏等免疫器官的重量和指数.
1组、2组、3组、5组鸡分别于二免前ld、二免疫后7d、14d、21d、28d、
35d、42d时，每组随机抽取10只鸡，翅静脉采血0. snil，分离血清，用p一微量血
凝抑制试验测定鸡血清中的HI杭体效价.
研究结果表明:与对照组相比，人参叶皂武能促进鸡杭NDV杭体的产生;人
参叶皂武对鸡胸腺的发育有一定的促进作用，对鸡脾脏的发育有一定抑制作用，
对法氏囊的影响由于给药方式不同而异;人参叶皂武能使鸡单核一巨噬细胞系统吞
噬能力增强.
As a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine, The ginseng not only occupy the important status in the Traditional Chinese medicine field of our country, also quite paid attention to in country's medical science, such as Japan, Korea, the former Soviet Union, etc. In recent years, the pharmacology research about the ginseng has already entered the stage for rapidly development. A large number of research proves that the glucoside of ginsengs is the main active composition of the ginseng. Prove that the soap glucoside of ginsengs is a kind of very good immunity strengthens the pharmaceutical through animal's experiment, It is strengthening the systematic function of single-nuclear macrophage cell, promotes the formulation antibody and lymphocyte transformed, Promote some lymph secretion of factor, play a regulating role in natural killer cell-interferon-IL-2 regulate network, and protect the organization cell attacked by the virus. Though someone reports that roots ethanol extract of ginseng have functio
n of urging to grow on the chicken, there is not the one that has been used directly in animal medicine. The stem leaf glucoside of American ginseng is the total glucoside drawn from the stem leaf of American ginseng, And verify that the content of glucoside of the total soap is obviously higher than roots in the leaf of stems. As the big culture province of ginseng, there are a lot of ginseng leaves as the offal abandon in the field but not to fully utilized every year in Jilin Province. It is abundant to develop, utilize the leaf of ginsengs to have resources, It have much merits such as safe and convenient, without residue, and contain many kinds of active composition. Feed the animal directly as the additive, It can prevented disease and urge to grow role. With the development of the green ecological animal husbandry and constant improvement of people's living standard after the accession to the WTO, The application of leaf of ginseng has a bright future in the aquaculture. The purpose of tests is to stu
dy the regulating action to chicken's immune function of glucoside of soap of leaf of ginsengs, Offer basis on which develop the application in the aquaculture of leaf of ginseng.
The test adopts single factor variance and analyses, All chicken divides into 5
groups, 1 groups is the contrast group, The others are test groups, every group set up three repetitions, 20 chicken in each repetitions (2 group feed the fodder including 5% of the ginseng leaf to the 35th age since the 1st age; 3 groups hypodermic injected of 5% of the ginseng glucoside physiological saline once from 14 to the 20th age, Dosage is 20mg/kg; 4 groups hypodermic injected of 5% of the ginseng glucoside physiological saline once from 28 to the 35th age, Dosage is 20mg/kg; 5 groups hypodermic injected ND oil containing soap glucoside of the ginseng in the 21st age. Routine hypodermic injected immunity ND oil of every other groups).
Collect of 6 chickens at random in 2 groups, 4 groups, Each chicken were intravenous injection E.coli lml(include 4xl06/ml). Makes the plateform to examines the counts in blood and after Ih, 2h, 3h pouring into E.coli.
Weight 10 develop normal chickens on an empty stomach at random from 1~3 groups, death through arterial carotis bloodletting, separated and determined chest gland, bursa and spleen weight and index.
At the time of 1d, 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d 42d after second immunity, Collect 10 chickens at random from 1 groups, 2groups, 3groups, Sgroups, collect blood 0.5 ml in wing vein, separate the serum, Determine the HI antibody price in serum with p-micro-methods.
The result of study shows: Compared with contrast group, the leaf glucoside of the ginseng can promote chickens to resist the production of NDV antibody; The leaf glucoside of the ginseng has facilitation to the development of the pigeon breast gland, have inhibition on the development of chicken's spleen, Different influence of bursa because of different way when giving the medicine; Ginseng leaf glucoside can formed ability of nucl
引文
[1]Florence C L.Herbal Medicine,the Chinese Wisdom.korea:Holly Corp press, 1992:3
[2]Kumahal A.Proceeding of the 6th International Gin-seng Symposium. 1993.09 06～09. Korea.1993.26
[3]阴健，等．中药现代研究与临床应用，北京：人民卫生出版社，1994：1
[4]葛迎春，等．人参单体皂甙药理作用研究进展．特产研究，1996，(4)：46～48
[5]Chuang W C,et al.J Chomatogr A, 1994,685(20):243
[6]Yang GT,et al.J Trad Chin Med. 1988,8(2): 135
[7]Bao T,et al.J Trad Chin Med. 1986,6(3): 191
[8]邓文龙，等．中草药，1985，16(5)：28
[9]沈玲，等．人参增强免疫研究新进展．中草药，1996，8(27)：499
[10]李兴春，等．吉林中医药，1980，(1)：67
[11]Yang LL,et al.Proceeding of the 6th lnternational Cin-seng Symposium. 1993-09-06～09. Korea.1993.31
[12]杨春隆，等．中国免疫学杂志，1992，8(3)：188
[13]于永利，等，中国免疫学杂志，1987，3(1)：41
[14]杨吉成，等．中国实验临床免疫学杂志，1996，8(2)：21
[15]田志刚，等．上海免疫学杂志，1991，11(2)：82
[16]杨世成，等，中国免疫学杂志，1993，9(2)：96
[17]马成禹，等．中国免疫学杂志，1996，12(6)：377
[18]李静波，等．白求恩医科大学学报，1993，18(1)：56
[19]王福传，等．复方中草药免疫增强剂对鸡免疫器官组织形态学影响的研究．中国预防兽医学报，2001，23(6)：419～421
[20]刘忠贵，等．动物免疫病理学，[M]，北京：中国农业出版社，1996
[21]张显生，等．[J]，中国兽医科技，1995，25(27)：22
[22]崔治中，等．禽业科技，1996，12(3)：50
[23]崔治中，等．禽业科技，1996，12(4)：49
[24]陈洪亮，等．中国畜牧兽医学会生物制品学会第八次学术研讨会论文集，219-227
[25]Oh,J.S.et al.:ibid refer.2,157.(008), 1975
[26]高南南，等．中药药理与临床，1995，(5)：12～14
[27]王俊明，等．兽医生物制品学(第一版)．中国农业出版社，1997
[28]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所．兽医微生物学(第一版)，农业出版社，1998：563～564
[29]张宏伟，等．动物疫病(第一版)．中国农业出版社，2001：156～158
[30]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所．兽医微生物学(第一版)，农业出版社，1998：565
[31]张东吉，等．白求恩医科大学学报，1992，18(5)：412
[32]陈玉山，等．中草药，1991，22(5)：215
[33]李敏珍，等．广西中医药，1989，12(5)：45
[34]张均田．人参皂甙Rgl对老年大鼠免疫功能的调节作用．药学学报，1995，30(11)：818～823
[35]杨贵贞，等．白求恩医科大学学报，1983，9(3)：1
[36]张庆茹．中草药免疫保进作用的研究进展．中兽医医药杂志，1997，(5)：15～16
[37]何桂明，等冲草药免疫进强剂在鸡疫病防制中的应用．四川畜牧兽医，1997，26(100)：21～22
[38]王庭富，等冲国药科大学学报，1999，30(2)：133～135
[39]张远强，等．病理生理学报，1985，1(4)：22
[2]Kumahal A.Proceeding of the 6th International Gin-seng Symposium. 1993.09 06～09. Korea.1993.26
[3]阴健，等．中药现代研究与临床应用，北京：人民卫生出版社，1994：1
[4]葛迎春，等．人参单体皂甙药理作用研究进展．特产研究，1996，(4)：46～48
[5]Chuang W C,et al.J Chomatogr A, 1994,685(20):243
[6]Yang GT,et al.J Trad Chin Med. 1988,8(2): 135
[7]Bao T,et al.J Trad Chin Med. 1986,6(3): 191
[8]邓文龙，等．中草药，1985，16(5)：28
[9]沈玲，等．人参增强免疫研究新进展．中草药，1996，8(27)：499
[10]李兴春，等．吉林中医药，1980，(1)：67
[11]Yang LL,et al.Proceeding of the 6th lnternational Cin-seng Symposium. 1993-09-06～09. Korea.1993.31
[12]杨春隆，等．中国免疫学杂志，1992，8(3)：188
[13]于永利，等，中国免疫学杂志，1987，3(1)：41
[14]杨吉成，等．中国实验临床免疫学杂志，1996，8(2)：21
[15]田志刚，等．上海免疫学杂志，1991，11(2)：82
[16]杨世成，等，中国免疫学杂志，1993，9(2)：96
[17]马成禹，等．中国免疫学杂志，1996，12(6)：377
[18]李静波，等．白求恩医科大学学报，1993，18(1)：56
[19]王福传，等．复方中草药免疫增强剂对鸡免疫器官组织形态学影响的研究．中国预防兽医学报，2001，23(6)：419～421
[20]刘忠贵，等．动物免疫病理学，[M]，北京：中国农业出版社，1996
[21]张显生，等．[J]，中国兽医科技，1995，25(27)：22
[22]崔治中，等．禽业科技，1996，12(3)：50
[23]崔治中，等．禽业科技，1996，12(4)：49
[24]陈洪亮，等．中国畜牧兽医学会生物制品学会第八次学术研讨会论文集，219-227
[25]Oh,J.S.et al.:ibid refer.2,157.(008), 1975
[26]高南南，等．中药药理与临床，1995，(5)：12～14
[27]王俊明，等．兽医生物制品学(第一版)．中国农业出版社，1997
[28]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所．兽医微生物学(第一版)，农业出版社，1998：563～564
[29]张宏伟，等．动物疫病(第一版)．中国农业出版社，2001：156～158
[30]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所．兽医微生物学(第一版)，农业出版社，1998：565
[31]张东吉，等．白求恩医科大学学报，1992，18(5)：412
[32]陈玉山，等．中草药，1991，22(5)：215
[33]李敏珍，等．广西中医药，1989，12(5)：45
[34]张均田．人参皂甙Rgl对老年大鼠免疫功能的调节作用．药学学报，1995，30(11)：818～823
[35]杨贵贞，等．白求恩医科大学学报，1983，9(3)：1
[36]张庆茹．中草药免疫保进作用的研究进展．中兽医医药杂志，1997，(5)：15～16
[37]何桂明，等冲草药免疫进强剂在鸡疫病防制中的应用．四川畜牧兽医，1997，26(100)：21～22
[38]王庭富，等冲国药科大学学报，1999，30(2)：133～135
[39]张远强，等．病理生理学报，1985，1(4)：22
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