整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥梁动力特性和地震反应研究
摘要
采用整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥梁在国外得到了广泛采用，但在国内鲜有实例，相关研究报告也相对较少。目前，尚少有报道指出对具体的实桥进行过完整的动力特性分析和抗震分析，主要原因是因为整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥梁是土体－结构相互作用方面的典型例子，如何处理好土体－结构相互作用是其动力分析的关键问题。针对上述情况，本文开展了整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥梁的动力特性分析和地震反应分析，主要做了以下工作：
1、本文的首要工作是解决土体－结构相互作用的模拟问题。在有限元分析中，本文采用一系列弹性弹簧单元模拟土作用，通过反复的等效线性迭代过程模拟土对结构的非线性。
2、进行模态分析。首先，为了考察土体－结构的作用对结构的动力特性影响程度，分析了不考虑土体对结构作用和考虑土体对结构作用两种情况下结构的模态；其次，在不同强度的地震作用下，土体对结构的约束作用大小不同，因此结构在不同强度地震荷载作用下具有不同模态。本文分析了不同强度地震作用下模型的模态。此外，还比较了整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥与有伸缩缝桥梁的模态差异。
3、改变桥梁的结构参数，分析参数变化对桥梁动力特性的影响。找出了无伸缩缝桥梁动力性能的主要影响因素。
4、分别采用反应谱法和动力时程分析法分析整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥梁的地震响应。
5、对无伸缩缝桥按比例缩放的全桥模型进行实验，测出结构的动力特性（固有频率、振型、周期等），验证有限元建模和分析的精确度
Jointless bridges that use integral abutment is popular abroad，while there are few examples of it and correlative reports at home. There are few complete analysis of dynamic characteristic and anti-seismic behavior of structure because it is a classic example of a soil-structure interaction system and the mainly unsolved problem in dynamic analysis is how to handling soil-structure interaction. This paper focuses on the analysis of dynamic characteristic and anti-seismic behavior of structure for above situation. The main contents of the paper are describes as follows:
a、It is important to simulate soil-structure interaction for this paper. A series of elastic spring were used to simulate the soil reaction to structure and a equivalent linear iterative approach was used for simulating the soil nonlinear behavior in the finite element analysis in this paper.
b、Analyzing the vibration properties(mode shape、frequency.etc) of the structure. At first, for examining the influence of soil reaction to structure the analysis was made up of two parts that one is taking account of soil-structure reaction in analysis and the other is the opposition. Next, when structure suffer different earthquake shaking the modes of structure is different due to unequal restraint of soil to structure movement. So the modes of structure at different earthquake intensity were examined. Furthermore, the mode of jointless bridge was compared with joint bridge in this paper.
c、The chief parameters that influence strongly the dynamic characteristic of structure were found out by changing structural parameters and the modes analysis.
d、The seismic response of jointless bridge were examined by Spectrum Analysis as well as Transient Dynamic Analysis.
e、The modes of a whole concrete model of jointless bridge by modes test,at the same time,the accuracy of finite element modeling and analysis was proved by it
1、本文的首要工作是解决土体－结构相互作用的模拟问题。在有限元分析中，本文采用一系列弹性弹簧单元模拟土作用，通过反复的等效线性迭代过程模拟土对结构的非线性。
2、进行模态分析。首先，为了考察土体－结构的作用对结构的动力特性影响程度，分析了不考虑土体对结构作用和考虑土体对结构作用两种情况下结构的模态；其次，在不同强度的地震作用下，土体对结构的约束作用大小不同，因此结构在不同强度地震荷载作用下具有不同模态。本文分析了不同强度地震作用下模型的模态。此外，还比较了整体式桥台的无伸缩缝桥与有伸缩缝桥梁的模态差异。
3、改变桥梁的结构参数，分析参数变化对桥梁动力特性的影响。找出了无伸缩缝桥梁动力性能的主要影响因素。
4、分别采用反应谱法和动力时程分析法分析整体式桥台无伸缩缝桥梁的地震响应。
5、对无伸缩缝桥按比例缩放的全桥模型进行实验，测出结构的动力特性（固有频率、振型、周期等），验证有限元建模和分析的精确度
Jointless bridges that use integral abutment is popular abroad，while there are few examples of it and correlative reports at home. There are few complete analysis of dynamic characteristic and anti-seismic behavior of structure because it is a classic example of a soil-structure interaction system and the mainly unsolved problem in dynamic analysis is how to handling soil-structure interaction. This paper focuses on the analysis of dynamic characteristic and anti-seismic behavior of structure for above situation. The main contents of the paper are describes as follows:
a、It is important to simulate soil-structure interaction for this paper. A series of elastic spring were used to simulate the soil reaction to structure and a equivalent linear iterative approach was used for simulating the soil nonlinear behavior in the finite element analysis in this paper.
b、Analyzing the vibration properties(mode shape、frequency.etc) of the structure. At first, for examining the influence of soil reaction to structure the analysis was made up of two parts that one is taking account of soil-structure reaction in analysis and the other is the opposition. Next, when structure suffer different earthquake shaking the modes of structure is different due to unequal restraint of soil to structure movement. So the modes of structure at different earthquake intensity were examined. Furthermore, the mode of jointless bridge was compared with joint bridge in this paper.
c、The chief parameters that influence strongly the dynamic characteristic of structure were found out by changing structural parameters and the modes analysis.
d、The seismic response of jointless bridge were examined by Spectrum Analysis as well as Transient Dynamic Analysis.
e、The modes of a whole concrete model of jointless bridge by modes test,at the same time,the accuracy of finite element modeling and analysis was proved by it
引文
[1] Susan Faraji, John M.Ting, Daniel S.Crovo，et al．Nonlinear Analysis of Integral Bridges Finite-Element Model．Journal of the Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering，2001，Vol.127，No.5：454-461．
[2] 何度心．桥梁振动研究．北京：地震出版社，1989．
[3] Rakesh K.Goel．Earthquake Characteristics of Bridges with Integral Abutments．Journal of Structural Engineering，1997，Vol.123，No.11 ：1436-1443．
[4] Martin P.Burke，Jr．Integral bridges．Transportation Research Record，1990，No. 1275：53-61．
[5] Alan A.Soltani，Anant R.Kukreti.Performance Evaluation of Integral Abutment Bridges. Transportation Ressearch Record 1371，1992.
[6] Edward，P. Wasserman，John H.Walker．Integral Abutments for Steel Bridges．American Iron and Steel Institute-Highway Structures Design Handbook，1996，Vol.Ⅱ, chap.5.
[7] 刘光栋，周建春. 大跨度公路桥梁抗震分析的若干研究进展. 湖南大学学报，1996，Vol.3，No.5：105-112.
[8] 李国豪．桥梁结构稳定与振动．北京：中国铁道出版社，1996．
[9] 洪锦祥. 桩土共同作用对整体式桥台的无伸缩装置桥梁受力性能的研究：[硕士学位论文].福州：福州大学土建学院，2002.
[10] 杨溥，李英民，赖明．结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标．土木工程学报，2000，Vol.33,No.6:33-37．
[11] 李德寅．结构模型试验．北京：科学出版社，1996．
[12] Iqbal Husain，Dino Bagnariol．Design and Performance of jointless Bridges in Ontario．Transportation Ressearch Record，1696，No.5B0088.
[13] Robert J.Frosch, Kartrinna O.Durbin, Voraniti Chovichien,et al．Understanding the Behavior of Integral Bridges. Fifth National Workshop on Bridge Research in Progress.
[14] Wasserman，E.P. ．Jointless bridges．Engineering Journal,1987,Vol.24,No.3:93-100.
[15] Jonathan Kunin，Sreenivas Alampalli．Integral Abutment Bridges,Current Practice in United States and Canada2000．Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities，Vol.14, No.3．
[16] Seed H.B.，Whitman, R.V，Design of Earth Retaining Structures for Dynamic Loads. ASCE，1970.
[17] 范立础，卓卫东．桥梁延性抗震设计．北京：人民交通出版社，2001．
[18] 宋一凡．公路桥梁动力学．北京：人民交通出版社，2000．
[19] 熊峰，李章政，李碧雄，等．结构设计原理．北京：科学出版社，2002．
[20] 陈仲颐，周景星，王洪瑾．土力学．北京：清华大学出版社，1994．
[21] 徐日昶，王博仪，赵家奎．桥梁检验．北京：人民交通出版社，1989．
[22] 凌治平，易经武．基础工程．北京：人民交通出版社，1997．
[23] M.J.N.普瑞斯特雷，F.塞勃勒，G.M.卡尔维．桥梁抗震设计与加固．北京：人民交通出版社，1997．
[24] 姚玲森．桥梁工程．北京：人民交通出版社，1995．
[25] 施岚青，沙志国，周起敬．混凝土结构设计规范应用指南．北京：地震出版社，1990．
[26] Vasant C.Mistry．Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridges．Conference of High Performance Steel Bridge，2000,Nov 30-Dec 1.
[27] Burke，M.P.．The Design of Integral Concrete Bridges．Concrete International，1993，Vol. 15，No. 6：37-42.
[28]Russell，H.G.，Gerken，et al．Jointless Bridges - the Knowns and the Unknowns．Concrete International，1994，44-48.
[29] George L.England，Neil C.M.Tsang．Towards the Design of Soil Loading for Integral Bridges-Experimental Evaluation．Department of Civil and Environmental, 2001,Imperial College., 15 April.
[30] 交通部公路规范设计院．JTJ 023－85．公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范．北京：人民交通出版社，1985．
[31] 交通部公路规范设计院．JTJ 004－89．公路工程抗震设计规范．北京：人民交通出版社，1999．
[32] 陈小东.季节性温度荷载下整体式桥台桥梁的台后土压力研究：[硕士学位论文].福州：福州大学土建学院，2002
[2] 何度心．桥梁振动研究．北京：地震出版社，1989．
[3] Rakesh K.Goel．Earthquake Characteristics of Bridges with Integral Abutments．Journal of Structural Engineering，1997，Vol.123，No.11 ：1436-1443．
[4] Martin P.Burke，Jr．Integral bridges．Transportation Research Record，1990，No. 1275：53-61．
[5] Alan A.Soltani，Anant R.Kukreti.Performance Evaluation of Integral Abutment Bridges. Transportation Ressearch Record 1371，1992.
[6] Edward，P. Wasserman，John H.Walker．Integral Abutments for Steel Bridges．American Iron and Steel Institute-Highway Structures Design Handbook，1996，Vol.Ⅱ, chap.5.
[7] 刘光栋，周建春. 大跨度公路桥梁抗震分析的若干研究进展. 湖南大学学报，1996，Vol.3，No.5：105-112.
[8] 李国豪．桥梁结构稳定与振动．北京：中国铁道出版社，1996．
[9] 洪锦祥. 桩土共同作用对整体式桥台的无伸缩装置桥梁受力性能的研究：[硕士学位论文].福州：福州大学土建学院，2002.
[10] 杨溥，李英民，赖明．结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标．土木工程学报，2000，Vol.33,No.6:33-37．
[11] 李德寅．结构模型试验．北京：科学出版社，1996．
[12] Iqbal Husain，Dino Bagnariol．Design and Performance of jointless Bridges in Ontario．Transportation Ressearch Record，1696，No.5B0088.
[13] Robert J.Frosch, Kartrinna O.Durbin, Voraniti Chovichien,et al．Understanding the Behavior of Integral Bridges. Fifth National Workshop on Bridge Research in Progress.
[14] Wasserman，E.P. ．Jointless bridges．Engineering Journal,1987,Vol.24,No.3:93-100.
[15] Jonathan Kunin，Sreenivas Alampalli．Integral Abutment Bridges,Current Practice in United States and Canada2000．Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities，Vol.14, No.3．
[16] Seed H.B.，Whitman, R.V，Design of Earth Retaining Structures for Dynamic Loads. ASCE，1970.
[17] 范立础，卓卫东．桥梁延性抗震设计．北京：人民交通出版社，2001．
[18] 宋一凡．公路桥梁动力学．北京：人民交通出版社，2000．
[19] 熊峰，李章政，李碧雄，等．结构设计原理．北京：科学出版社，2002．
[20] 陈仲颐，周景星，王洪瑾．土力学．北京：清华大学出版社，1994．
[21] 徐日昶，王博仪，赵家奎．桥梁检验．北京：人民交通出版社，1989．
[22] 凌治平，易经武．基础工程．北京：人民交通出版社，1997．
[23] M.J.N.普瑞斯特雷，F.塞勃勒，G.M.卡尔维．桥梁抗震设计与加固．北京：人民交通出版社，1997．
[24] 姚玲森．桥梁工程．北京：人民交通出版社，1995．
[25] 施岚青，沙志国，周起敬．混凝土结构设计规范应用指南．北京：地震出版社，1990．
[26] Vasant C.Mistry．Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridges．Conference of High Performance Steel Bridge，2000,Nov 30-Dec 1.
[27] Burke，M.P.．The Design of Integral Concrete Bridges．Concrete International，1993，Vol. 15，No. 6：37-42.
[28]Russell，H.G.，Gerken，et al．Jointless Bridges - the Knowns and the Unknowns．Concrete International，1994，44-48.
[29] George L.England，Neil C.M.Tsang．Towards the Design of Soil Loading for Integral Bridges-Experimental Evaluation．Department of Civil and Environmental, 2001,Imperial College., 15 April.
[30] 交通部公路规范设计院．JTJ 023－85．公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范．北京：人民交通出版社，1985．
[31] 交通部公路规范设计院．JTJ 004－89．公路工程抗震设计规范．北京：人民交通出版社，1999．
[32] 陈小东.季节性温度荷载下整体式桥台桥梁的台后土压力研究：[硕士学位论文].福州：福州大学土建学院，2002
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